Formation of the group for the acceptance of the kindergarten. Kindergarten decoration

The creation of comfortable conditions for the stay of children in a preschool educational organization is not possible without taking into account the peculiarities of developmental psychology, reflected in the current SanPiN and GEF DO. - an important aspect of designing an innovative educational space, contributing to the solution of priority tasks:

creating conditions for active cognitive activity children;
strengthening the physical and psychological health of children;
ensuring free and comfortable development.

Kindergarten design: principles and norms

In domestic pedagogical practice, the design of preschool premises educational organizations always received sufficient attention. At the same time, for a long time the design of groups and kindergarten premises remained monotonous and did not fully correspond to the age needs of children, and in the conditions of the new time, such tactics require immediate revision. - an important component of the organization of the educational process, which can not only contribute to the achievement of educational goals, but also largely determine the format of the teacher's activities and ways to organize useful leisure for children.

Design issue kindergarten(including) today is closely connected with the creation of a subject-developing environment, which, contrary to popular belief, goes beyond the group and covers the entire complex of objects that affect the psychophysical development of a preschooler. The subject component of the environment of babies should contribute to:

Consistent implementation of educational programs used in the educational process, and the achievement of target pedagogical tasks.
Ensuring inclusion in the presence of children with special educational needs in the group.
Creation of comfortable conditions for all pupils, without exception, regardless of their level of development, temperament, range of interests, national and cultural affiliation.

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Requirements for the subject-spatial environment, which should be taken into account when designing kindergarten premises

Indicators of the developing object-spatial environment	Implementation features
Content saturation	The design of the educational space should not interfere with the provision of: game, cognitive research, creative activity of pupils, incl. conducted using various materials natural and artificial origin; motor development (conducting various games and competitions in the group, in common areas, on the site); the possibility of expanding emotional impressions and self-expression.
Transformability	When implementing targeted design decisions, it is important to provide for the possibility of re-planning the educational space in accordance with applied educators goals, changing the age interests of children.
Polyfunctionality	The use of multi-level, mobile surfaces and design elements provides an option for the multi-purpose use of the components of the educational space and the organization of various types of children's activities without the need for serious preparatory work on the part of the preschool teacher.
variability	In the course of decorating a kindergarten and groups, in particular, it is important to ensure that there are various zones in the space accessible to children, adapted for outdoor games, observing, designing, and implementing role-playing scenarios. Game material in the group should be periodically updated to form a wide range of interests of pupils and stimulate cognitive activity.
Availability and security	This requirement implies the ability of all pupils in groups, including those with disabilities, to use the educational equipment of interest and safe objects of the developing space - toys, materials, manuals, thematic sets that contribute to the activation of interest in the world around. The implementation of the principle of accessibility involves strict monitoring of the serviceability of objects and objects, the safety of teaching materials.

The creation of a meaningful and aesthetically attractive space in a kindergarten, which cannot be realized without design work, requires the coordinated and creative work of a team of teachers sent by the head of the preschool educational institution. Activities in this direction should be multi-vector in order to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and recommendations of psychologists:

Accounting for the current version of SanPiN and the provisions of the Federal State Educational Standard, which regulate the procedure for creating a subject-developing environment.
Taking into account the advice of experts in the education industry, who are confident that the variety of toys and the oversaturation of the educational space hinders the active development of preschoolers of different age groups.

Another important point, traditionally overlooked decorating a kindergarten, - decoration and improvement of exclusively group rooms, music and sports classes while deliberately ignoring corridors and utility rooms. Based on an experiment conducted in one of the Russian kindergartens within the framework, it was quickly found out that pupils feel psychological discomfort if necessary to leave the group. So, when the children were asked to go out to play in the corridor and “visit” the group rooms of preschool children of a different age, the vast majority of active and inquisitive boys and girls preferred not to leave the group. The psychological barrier associated with the threshold of the group was overcome only after the fourth repetition of the experiment, which indicates the need to "push" the boundaries of the object-spatial environment through the implementation of design decisions outside the playing rooms and inform parents about the need for such experimentation, subject to safety, in home conditions.

The creation of conditions for the stay of children in a preschool educational organization is determined by adults who are guided by a personal, often erroneous idea of the content, zoning and design of play, sleeping and common areas, which is often erroneous. Making a group in kindergarten according to GEF primarily provides for the projection of the perception of space by babies in order to optimize the process of active knowledge of the world around. Experts in the field of education advise not to regard the educational environment solely in terms of pedagogical effectiveness. Sometimes it is enough to sit down to understand how the child will feel in the proposed subject-developing conditions.

When deciding on the design of a group, it is important to focus not only on taking into account age characteristics, but also on the essence of what is being implemented. According to experts, preschool groups should be designed in such a way that at first glance it is clear for children of what age the premises were adapted and which educational direction was chosen as a priority.

The design of a developing subject environment is traditionally carried out under the guidance of educators, who, in order to ensure the competent design of a group in a preschool educational institution, it is important to correctly assess the content of the principles of the Federal State Educational Standard in matters of developing an educational space. The key principles of the second generation standards on this issue are widely available, the main thing for teachers is to avoid their erroneous interpretation in order to create a meaningful play space for preschoolers.

Registration in preschool group rich, aesthetically attractive, multi-vector subject-spatial environment is an excellent basis for the daily organization of exciting cognitive activities of pupils. An educational space that fully meets the age and individual needs will become one of the significant elements in the formation of the personality of children preschool age, a source of new social experience and a means of expanding knowledge about the surrounding reality.

Before implementing various design solutions in a group, it is important to create a project that fully complies with new educational principles. Thus, teachers of many kindergartens are faced with the problem of integrating educational areas of preschool pedagogy, which at first glance may seem contradictory: for example, the richness and variability of the educational environment, transformability and safety. Practice shows that the use of modern furniture, the creation of individual interior solutions in the course of the phased implementation of a well-developed project, allows for a high level of integration of indicators and ensures that all regulatory requirements are met. In confirmation of this axiom, it is worth once again considering the indicators of the developing subject-spatial environment from a practical point of view.

Saturation is the most tangible principle of organizing the educational space, which provides for the provision of preschool children with toys, manuals, educational materials in an amount that fully satisfies the age-related cognitive needs.
Transformability is a model of an organization, for the implementation of which it is necessary to use modern innovative objects. So, multi-level tables with wheels and leg locks are easy to move and securely install around the entire perimeter of the group, which contributes to the competent use of the available space (which, by the way, remains modest in most groups of Russian preschool educational institutions). Tables of this type can be ordered during the renewal of the logistics of the institution.
Multifunctionality, in many respects resonating with transformability. The trend of age pedagogy in recent years has been a return to low-functional variable toys and aids, interaction with which contributes to the development of creative thinking and imagination of kids. As practice shows, voluminous thematic corners - toy kitchens, hairdressers, hospitals - quickly get bored with pupils who return to dolls and cars after a short time. Therefore, when designing a group in kindergarten, it is important to provide for the possibility of systematic updating of game and design solutions.
Variability due to the need to arrange various thematic zones in a group room - for playing, learning, playing role-playing scenarios (for which it is necessary to provide kids with special play equipment). It is important to use not only the horizontal, but also the vertical space of the rooms.
Accessibility is a principle, the implementation of which most often remains incomplete due not so much to ignoring the needs of preschoolers with disabilities, but to the desire of the teaching staff to provide an ideal aesthetic component of the object-spatial environment. The practice of establishing best toys for decor as decoration elements is painfully experienced by children who see what they want every day, but cannot get it for reasons that are incomprehensible to them. Proved that similar situations provoke getting psychological trauma Therefore, it is important to avoid creating barriers for the child in kindergarten - both in terms of growth and prohibitions.
Security. The need to fulfill the requirements of SanPin determines the creation of optimal conditions for maintaining the physical health of children in groups, but psychological safety control still requires close attention due to the high risks of falling into a group of dangerous toys (inappropriate for age, with piercing or sharp parts, carrying a negative emotional connotation ( monsters, dolls in coffins, etc.)). Plots that resonate with modern trends that can harm the psychological health of preschoolers should not be used when designing a group, even if representatives of the parent community insist on it.

The atmosphere prevailing in the group premises of a preschool educational institution is largely determined by the chosen material and the color of the main premises, which are subject to a number of requirements - from sanitary and hygienic to aesthetic. Wall decoration in preschool is carried out in accordance with SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13, effective from May 15, 2013.

Among the requirements governing the procedure for interior decoration of the walls of the kindergarten, it is necessary to highlight the following:

The walls of the premises of the kindergarten should be smooth, without relief inclusions and signs of fungal infections.
It is allowed to use any type of finish that allows cleaning and disinfection with a wet method, incl. washable wallpaper.
All materials used for processing and decorating the walls of preschool educational institutions must be safe and environmentally friendly, completed with certificates confirming their origin and composition.
The walls of the catering unit, toilet rooms and other auxiliary premises are lined with smooth ceramic tiles (or other moisture-resistant materials) to a height of at least 1.5 m, which makes it possible to effectively wet cleaning using disinfectants.

The choice of colors in the design of the walls of the preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the level of illumination. Rooms with windows facing south or east are recommended to be decorated in cold colors, rooms facing north or west - in warm colors. In this case, it is allowed to color individual design elements in brighter shades, but their total surface should not exceed 25% of the total area of the room.

Popular decor elements used in the design of walls in preschool

Design solutions	Advantages and disadvantages
Narrative murals	Elements of fairy tale or cartoon scenes, applied on a smooth washable film, are characterized by excellent user qualities and affordable cost. You can choose photo wallpapers of any size and complement them with a frame, creating a “window to another world” or decorate the wall with a large image. Due to the cost-effectiveness of the design method, the possibility of periodically updating the “drawing” on the wall remains. The disadvantage of the idea is the difficulty of obtaining a certificate of quality for materials of this type, which are mostly produced by private photo studios to order.
Sets of themed stickers	Sets of curly stickers illustrating fairy tale characters, animals, birds, trees and flowers, and other objects of the world that are interesting for children are an excellent alternative to photo wallpapers. Stickers are created using eco-solvent paints, they compare favorably with: reliable indicators of adhesion to the surface (stickers can be rubbed, touched, cleaned using non-abrasive disinfectant solutions); small thickness (less than 1 mm), which excludes the possibility of tearing off the edges by young children; long service life (more than 5 years).
Art painting	Complementing a group room with artistic painting, the subject of which is chosen arbitrarily, is a common practice. Studios providing art services use environmentally friendly pigments, taking care of the health of consumers. The disadvantage of artistic painting is its high cost and fragility, but if the finished image is covered with an additional layer of water-based varnish, it remains possible to obtain the optimal design option.
Film for drawing	An interesting solution that contributes to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of children's creativity is to cover one of the walls with a film on which you can draw with crayons. The coating applied to the wall to a height slightly exceeding the height of the pupils contributes to the easy renewal of decorative elements during the implementation of the current educational process. Unfortunately, due to the lack of mass production, this design option remains inaccessible.

It should be noted that it has become common practice to use for decorating walls in kindergartens (especially group rooms) with volumetric elements cut from ceiling tiles, fiberboard or other materials that do not fully comply with sanitary and hygienic standards due to the complexity of frequent cleaning. This practice is largely due to the time complexity of institutions with the renewal of the material and technical base, but in order to improve safety performance, it is better to abandon such design variations in favor of artistic painting.

The reception room in groups is a special room designed to solve organizational issues and communicate with parents and educators. determines the simplicity of pedagogical work in certain areas, the level of comfort of pupils, the awareness of mothers and fathers about the features of the organization of the educational process. Therefore, design solutions implemented in the reception area should contribute to the consistent implementation of rationalization ideas.

The zoning of the reception room is determined by the nature of the purpose of the room, where lockers and benches are traditionally located, necessary for comfortable undressing and dressing of pupils. Wall decoration is carried out in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards by the methods of artistic painting, applying photo wallpapers or thematic stickers to painted surfaces. The lockers are decorated with paper applications and stickers with the names of the children, which helps to avoid confusion. At the same time, it is important that all elements of the decor echo each other, which guarantees the creation of an optimal visual effect.

Soft ottomans or armchairs, which are located in the corner of the room in order to create a place for confidential communication between teachers and parents.
Mirrors (no more than 2-3), mounted at the height of the growth of the kids, which are actively used during training for a walk.
Exhibition surfaces for the presentation of children's creative works (drawings, crafts, applications).
Stand for birthday greetings.
A stand for presenting the achievements of the group and individual students who have become participants or laureates of competitions.
Information stands for parents (they place menus and other documentation for review).
Lost and found, where teachers, moms and dads, children can post the things they find.
"Mailbox" for wishes, in which parents can put letters with complaints and recommendations.

Making corners in kindergarten

The practice of creating thematic corners in group rooms, which are not only important objects of the educational space, but also design additions, is due to the need to observe the principle of integrating educational areas within a single subject-spatial environment. Making corners in kindergarten is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, providing for:

The choice of topics and design solutions for the corner, taking into account the age of the pupils.
Compliance with the principles of content, attractiveness, aesthetics and practicality.
Ensuring the availability of corner materials for each child, which necessitates the implementation of design solutions at a slight height from the floor.
The optimal location of the corner in the space of the group.
Taking into account the regional component to expand children's knowledge about their native land.

When arranging a corner in a kindergarten group, it is important to take care of decorating the main equipment: tables and chairs installed in the working area, cabinets and racks used to store applied materials, containers designed to store inventory and toys. The basic elements of the design of the corner include information stands, signboards, wall newspapers, inscriptions and landmarks, auxiliary curly pictures.

Making corners in preschool

In order to ensure optimal filling of the subject environment, additional design of stands in kindergarten is practiced, which can be used in the course of implementing various aspects of pedagogical activity:

Moral education (an illustration of good deeds - about helping others, caring for nature, mutual assistance; an Orthodox stand, a "family" stand, where examples of the design of a family tree are published).
Patriotic education (a stand dedicated to hometown, national corner).
Introducing preschoolers to work (stands with illustrated algorithms for self-service, group duty, caring for flowers, supplemented with motivational pictures about the importance of labor activity).
Work on the development of social competencies of kids (stands illustrated with pictures of representatives of various professions, training materials on traffic rules and rules of conduct in transport, outdoors, in public places, special institutions, birthdays, etc.).
Creation of positive motivation for direct learning activities (presentation of achievements, stands dedicated to preparing for school).

Often, due to the insufficient speed of updating the material and technical base of modern preschool educational organizations, educators are faced with the need to independently decorate the group in order to create its positive perception and form a rich educational environment. remains an excellent alternative to the use of ready-made design solutions that only partially meet educational needs and sanitary standards. On the contrary, the creation of colorful decor or its elements based on master classes evokes vivid emotions in both the teacher and preschoolers, helps to create positive motivation and an atmosphere of continuous creative search.

In the course of decorating the group premises of a kindergarten with their own hands, educators are recommended to:

Refuse complex design solutions in favor of simpler ones in order to rationally allocate time.
If possible, involve parents and preschool children in decorating, whose work can become a real decoration for the group.
Systematically create simple volumetric decorations - snowflakes, lanterns, butterflies, baskets made of twigs, paper flowers - that can become the basis for the realization of fantasy ideas.

Additional information about the arrangement of kindergarten is presented in the following articles.

Do-it-yourself developing corners in kindergarten are made out in a small place. It can be a part of the wall with fixed shelving, a window sill, a cork board with images of the desired subject - it all depends on the educator's imagination, his desire and the availability of materials.

The role of corners in the development of children

Let's start with the fact that the design of corners in kindergarten is of great importance, especially for children. The child spends most of his time here. And everything fundamental in character, behavior and habits is laid from the very early age. That is why preschool childhood is an important period in the life of every child. At this stage, he gains experience in social relations, learns about society, learns to communicate with people, gets acquainted with acceptable forms of behavior and learns to follow them.

For the correct and harmonious development of the child, it is important to communicate with peers. This is one of the main reasons why kids are sent to kindergarten. Factors such as the employment of parents, the need for adaptation and training, and much more also play an important role.

Children spend a lot of time in kindergarten and their activities there are very diverse: from outdoor games to quiet activities with a teacher. That is why properly organized play areas in kindergarten are of great importance for the development of preschoolers.

The atmosphere in the kindergarten should be such that the child wants to come there. This is especially true for the younger group, because the children have just begun to get used to a new life and to a new team, for the first time they began to be separated from mom and dad for a long time. Everything should help to ensure that the process of adaptation to kindergarten is painless. Great importance It also has the design of a kindergarten.

The design of the group in kindergarten should not be bright and flashy. Let the light background prevail. Depicting an excessive number of cartoon and fairy-tale characters on the walls is not always justified, especially if these images large sizes. The kid should not be afraid of a huge cartoon turtle, which he still does not know at all. It needs to be something educational. For example, the theme of the seasons, because children in junior group are still very young and are just beginning to learn what snow, rain, leaves on trees are. Image sizes should not exceed the norm, because age features children do not yet allow them to focus their eyes so well as to distinguish large objects.

The knowledge and skills acquired by a child in kindergarten are the basis of his successful education in primary school. Here, educators unobtrusively, often in game form, help the child get acquainted with some school knowledge: numbers, letters, visit nature and creativity lessons. Classes are held in the form of marathons, competitions, lessons, holidays. It should also be noted that the child independently studies the information available to him. What can help, the corners of the group in kindergarten decorated by the teacher.

Thinking over the design of the group in the garden, it would be advisable to divide it into zones. The usual zoning of a group in a kindergarten is: a bedroom, a dining room, a play area and an activity area, but additional options can be provided.

Where children sleep, of course, there should be no distracting images, as, indeed, in the dining room. But we should talk about developing zones in kindergarten in more detail.

Zoning in kindergarten

Perhaps, when planning play areas in a preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard, one should, first of all, take into account the age of the children and their number. It is also worth getting the opinion of the parents: by asking what they want to see in the group, by doing this you will not only show your interest, attention and respect, but, most likely, you will find initiative assistants.

For convenience, everything original ideas transfer the design of the group in kindergarten to the plan-drawing, be sure to indicate on it the names of the corners and their locations.

Depending on the vastness of the space, zoning in the kindergarten group can be quite rich. Below are the most popular zones in the kindergarten group according to GEF. Select and organize those that will fit with your current goals and objectives for the development and upbringing of children.

Playground for outdoor games

The most important role in the development of children is played by physical education, and it is also important to remember this when planning the design of a kindergarten. Of course, in modern kindergartens there are gyms and swimming pools, but still, a mini-health corner should be provided for in the group. This area should be large enough. Children should be able to run and jump. A gymnastic wall and various sports equipment would be appropriate here: hoops, balls, skittles, jump ropes. However, we must not forget that the inventory must be appropriate for the age of the kids.

Zone of role-playing games

The design of play areas in kindergarten provides a wide scope for creativity to their organizer. There must be plenty of toys here, of course. But among their number, children should be able to navigate. Therefore, it is necessary to make thematic corners. Separately, you can organize a hairdresser with a chair, dolls and toy tools; hospital, where there will be white coats and medical supplies. You can also create a kitchen corner for girls in kindergarten. For its organization, a toy stove, dishes, food, an apron and a chef's hat, as well as dolls in aprons are suitable.

Girls, with their favorite games of mother-daughter, tea party or shopping, will feel comfortable in a special playhouse. Be sure to post it if possible.

In the playhouse there is also a place for boys, it is they who will come to visit and get acquainted with the basics of etiquette. Their play area can be placed side by side and approach its design no less original, for example, make an impromptu garage, where there will be cars of different sizes and purposes: trucks, cars, dump trucks, buses, ambulance, police and fire service. A railroad could also be built here. You can also make a small repair shop corner with toy hammers, nuts, screws, and other supplies.

Proper design of zones in kindergarten is a great opportunity for a teacher to unobtrusively show children the basics adult life: what and how to cook, how to properly receive guests, take care of the younger ones and much more.

Study area in kindergarten

In the learning corner, there must be a table at which several children can be seated at the same time. There they can draw, do crafts, learn to read, count and play relaxing board games.

The filling and design of the educational area in kindergarten should take into account the age of the children. Place here cubes, mosaics, various kinds of construction sets that do not contain small parts, developing and teaching board games - here kids can practice, developing fine motor skills and expanding their knowledge of the world around them. Don't forget to make room for the simplest ones. geometric shapes, figures of different colors.

The safety corner can be placed separately or, if the group space does not allow, make it part of the study area. Post rules here traffic, fire safety norms of behavior indoors and outdoors.

Social Development Zone

The previous zone can be separated by a bookcase or bookcases, combined with a social development corner and a book corner. It is advisable to locate this zone away from the place of noisy games, because, being distracted, the child will not be able to concentrate on communicating with the book. The corner should be well lit and have a place where the baby can sit down and look through the book.

Through the book, the child learns a whole range of human feelings, thoughts, relationships between characters. Identifying himself with any hero, the child takes on a certain model of behavior, which he tries to follow throughout his life. It is necessary to provide a corner with various books corresponding to the age category of children. Fairy tales, cautionary tales, books about nature, as well as educational books should be present. The corner should be regularly replenished with new interesting and colorful specimens, thereby maintaining the interest of children in it.

In the social development zone there is a place not only for books, but also for a small family history of each child. Try inviting parents and their children to choose photos for small family albums that they can proudly show to friends as they talk about family, important events or travel.

Corner of nature

There is no doubt that the design of a corner of nature in kindergarten is an excellent basis for introducing a child to natural phenomena.

In the younger group, as a rule, a corner of nature is limited indoor plants, but for children senior group it will be much more interesting to study the calendar, the change of seasons, natural phenomena, parts of plants and trees.

The theme of the corner of nature deserves special attention. It is much more interesting when the exposition changes, for example, once a quarter, then such a corner of the group will attract much more attention from the child. Approaching winter, it is useful to fill it with information on caring for the birds at this time, for example, put up photographs of wintering birds, perhaps build a feeder with the children at labor lessons.

The creation of a greenhouse is also of no small importance. Using the example of different types of plants, the child will understand that plants are different, that not everyone has a stem, but everyone has roots, and leaves can be of different shapes. You can add butterflies or dragonflies to your greenhouse, which kids can make on their own. And if the pots with plants are signed, it will be doubly informative. In summer, a corner of nature can be supplemented with live garden or field plants or flowers, and in autumn with fruits that nature has given.

Of particular interest among the children will be the living inhabitants of the natural corner in the kindergarten. There might be a cage with a hamster or an aquarium with fish, and the kids could be taught the basics of caring for animals. Before getting a pet, you must obtain the consent of all parents, be sure to ask adults if their children have allergies, and do not forget about a certificate from the veterinarian.

Preschool institutions, as a rule, do not effectively use the area in front of the kindergarten. Rarely enough, children are involved in gardening the site, where garden corners, flower beds, garden corners are created, which can be used to develop the basics of environmental consciousness in a child.

Music Development Zone

A musical corner in kindergarten will help in revealing creative talents and increase the overall level of education. If it is not possible to place children there musical instruments, limit yourself to pictures and a player.

Zone of patriotic education

And in cultivating love for work, a local history corner will act as a faithful assistant, in which there will be the very place for objects of applied art and folk crafts that are popular in your area. Also be sure to place here the symbols and portraits of the heads of state and your region. This area will be especially decorated with dolls in national costumes, even if they are cut out of paper.

Creative Development Zone

The real decoration and pride of the kindergarten group is the corner of children's creativity. The children's works are not only aesthetic in nature, but also stimulate the child to achieve further success and serve as a clear example of the interaction between the teacher and the child.

Creative corners in the group, as a rule, are limited to an exhibition of children's works and crafts. But this is not the only function they can perform. For example, you can arrange cognitive corners in the preschool educational institution dedicated to the work of various people, for example, famous artists or composers.

It is not necessary to use a small space for a creative corner. For example, when preparing for the New Year, you can cut out and decorate the whole group with snowflakes: in this way, you get a “children's creativity room”. And if you decorate the Christmas tree with home-made toys, a “Children's Art Tree” will come out.

Children are very fond of doing something with their own hands, they always try and are happy with the result, if it also turned out to be satisfactory. And if it is possible to decorate and demonstrate the work in a different way, then you should not limit yourself to just a corner of creativity.

When forming zones in the preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard, remember that the main requirement for the environment and design of the group in kindergarten is safety. Avoid sharp corners, slippery floors, and make sure wall shelves or decorative items are secure.

Approach space planning and design of activity areas in kindergarten creatively and with love, and you will definitely get a cozy group where both children and their parents will be happy to come every day!

From the threshold. Kindergarten development environment - video

In terms of its significance, the most important room in a children's preschool educational and educational institution is a group room. It is in it that the children spend most of their time in kindergarten.

In the group, children play, get the necessary knowledge, eat food and even sleep. This happens when the design features of the room do not provide for a separate room for sleeping and resting children.

As a rule, in groups of middle and senior preschool age, a group room combines several functions at once, among which the following can be distinguished:

playroom;
a place for developing and training classes;
dining room;
bedroom.

So group room must be carefully thought out and designed taking into account the delimitation of these important functional areas. By the way, the sanitary standards for the activities of a preschool educational institution also imply the presence of clearly demarcated and separated zones, and such requirements are fully justified.

Group furniture.

First of all, you need to pay special attention to the placement of furniture in the group room. In the standard version, the following pieces of furniture should be available in each group of the kindergarten:

Tables and chairs for children- tailored to the height of each child. In this regard, there are well-defined sanitary standards, which indicate how high the table and high chair should be for a child of a certain height.

There is a certain color marking of the height of tables and chairs. In addition, each chair should have a picture by which the child can remember his chair and distinguish it from others. Ideally, the marking picture should be the same: on the chair, on the clothes locker in the reception area, on the towel rack and on the headboard. So the child will be easier to navigate, and he will be able to quickly find the items he needs.

Toy cabinets- should also be of a certain height for preschoolers of each age group. In this case, the cabinets must necessarily have additional fastening on the walls. This is done for safety reasons so that the locker does not tip over if the child inadvertently leans or climbs on it.

It is also necessary to choose cabinets for storing toys, taking into account that the material from which they are made can be easily treated with detergents and cleaned of dirt. In kindergarten, sanitary and hygienic treatment of furniture items is carried out regularly, so cabinets must be made of moisture-resistant materials or covered with a protective layer of paint.

Benefit cabinets- designed to store educational and developmental aids, as well as special pedagogical literature. They can be of any height, because only the teacher has access to them.

But according to sanitary standards, a prerequisite is the additional fastening of the cabinet to the wall surface. It is also desirable that the cabinets in their color match the overall color scheme of the group room in the kindergarten.

Table and chair for the teacher- also very necessary pieces of furniture in a group room. Ideally, the design should match the overall style of the group.

Sometimes, to save space in a group room, a desk and a teacher's chair are placed in the reception room, which is at the same time. This is also very convenient, because the teacher has the opportunity to mark the admission of children in the attendance sheet, and at the same time talk with parents on many organizational issues.

Beds for children- placed in a group room only if there is no separate room for the bedroom. Beds in kindergarten can be ordinary and bunk, which are also often used to save space.

It must be remembered that for toddlers and the second younger group, only single-tier low beds are suitable, but for children of middle and older preschool age, you can use bunk beds, which, if necessary, can be closed on the sides with a protective net to prevent the child from falling in a dream .

Beds in kindergarten can be made of base materials, as well as metal. But this is, rather, a trend of the past, because metal beds in kindergarten have remained since Soviet times.

Carpet on the floor a group room is also a necessary attribute so that children do not sit on a cold, uncovered floor surface. However, the need to use a carpet is eliminated if the decoration floor covering technology is used.

Instead of carpets, you can use bright and colorful mats of modern design. They have a lot of advantages - the surface of the mats is easier to handle in case of contamination. In addition, the mat is much softer than, and this will help prevent injuries and bruises during a child's fall.

Group art.

For the decoration of the walls of a group room in a kindergarten, various types of materials at hand are often used - these are colored cardboard, ORACAL self-adhesive film, as well as many types of finishing materials that can be used in a completely unusual and unusual way.

For example, as a starting material for the manufacture of figurines of fairy-tale animals or cartoon characters, you can use ordinary polystyrene foam ceiling tiles, which are sold in every hardware store. Ceiling slabs are inexpensive, and it is easy to cut figures of any shape from them using ordinary scissors or a sharp knife. In addition, the image turns out to be a little voluminous, which makes it more attractive in a decorative sense.

Also, to create various compositions, ceiling plinths are used, also made of expanded polystyrene or polystyrene. They are inexpensive, light and very convenient for making various decorative details.

Making corners in a group.

In kindergarten groups for preschoolers different ages it is necessary to organize the design of many thematic corners.

"Our Mood"
"Corner of Solitude"
"Information for Parents"
"Patriotic education"
"Corner of independent creativity"
"Music Corner"
"Traffic Laws"
"Nature and the world»

"Corner of physical culture and sports"
"Touch Corner"
"Book Corner"
"Local history corner"
"Health Corner"
"Protection of Life Safety"
"Fine Arts Corner"
"Duty Corner"

The design of thematic corners in the group room of the kindergarten is handled by the educator, as well as the most active representatives of the parent committee. At the same time, it is important to show imagination and creativity in order to use the corners to make the interior of the group unusual, but at the same time interesting and attractive for children.

Plot - role-playing games.

The most important role in the upbringing of children is played by role-playing games. With their help, the child learns the world and acquires elementary knowledge about the everyday and professional activities of people. For preschoolers of different age groups, there are the following types of role-playing games:

" Salon"
"Builders" ("Building a house")
"Family" ("Daughters - mothers")
» Drivers»
"Birthday" ("We meet guests")
" Dr. Aibolit"
"Dining room" ("In the cafe")
» Zoo»
" Kindergarten"
» Astronauts»
" In library"
" Travel"
» Rules of the road»
" School"

Props for most role-playing games can be bought at a toy store, but for some games they simply do not exist, and therefore many teachers prefer to make it on their own, using a variety of materials and techniques at hand. One can only envy the imaginations of educators who are able to create the most incredible things from such simple and most ordinary elements! What are colorful cakes made of sponge for washing dishes, candies made of foam plastic in colorful wrappers or a loaf of sausage made of foam rubber!

Thus, the props for role-playing games in some way can also become part of the interior design of the group room, because some games contain too much a large number of elements and require a separate corner in the room.

We work in the 1st junior group of MBDOU No. 77 of the city of Tula. Our pupils are 2-3 years old. They have just started attending kindergarten and we want our children to be comfortable, interesting and safe with us.

Therefore, our group is divided into play areas:

1. Book corner

We have collected various books: fairy tales, poems, riddles; large, medium and small with painted illustrations and sound buttons, folding books. Small albums for reviewing topics close to children of this age (“Toys”, “Children's Games and Activities”, “Pets”, etc.).

We give children the first lessons of independent communication with the book:

we introduce the corner of the book, its structure and purpose,
we teach to look at books and pictures only next to the corner, sitting at the table;
we inform the rules that must be observed (take books with clean hands, turn over carefully, do not tear, do not crush, do not use for games; after looking, always put the book back, etc.).

2. Sports corner

Corner inventory:

exercise bike for children;
soft mats;
mats and massage tracks with reliefs, "ribs", rubber spikes, etc.;
ropes;
hoops;
rubber balls of different sizes;
throwing baskets;
skittles;
dumbbells;
ball pool.

Theoretical material:

Card file: outdoor games;

sedentary games;

Sonya and Vanya

3. Design corner

plastic constructors with a variety of ways to fasten parts;
building kits with parts of different shapes and sizes;
soft modules;
boxes large and small;
drawers;
waste material: logs, cylinders, cubes, blocks with drilled holes; small toy characters and cars.

4. Corner of role-playing games

"Kitchen" is a favorite place for our girls to play. The corner has:

doll furniture for the kitchen;
sets of kitchen and tea utensils;
a set of vegetables and fruits;
a set of bakery products;
confectioner's set;
dressing clothes (kerchiefs, aprons, etc.)

The girls put on aprons and tie scarves, “wash vegetables and dishes”, “cook food”, after which we all sit down together at tables “drink tea”, “eat fruit and buns”.

The most beloved corner by educators, pupils and parents

5. "Corner of development fine motor skills»

Main task early development a child at 2-3 years old is the development of sensory skills, fine motor skills and coordination of movements, so we have allocated the largest and most comfortable table in our group for this zone. All toys, materials are bright, practical and therefore are used directly in the classroom with pleasure. educational activities, as well as in their free time when working individually with children.

Corner content:

clothespin games;
"collect beads";
"unscrew the covers";
button games:
lay out the pattern
“button-unbutton” rugs (we have a large number of multi-colored hand-knitted products for fastening and unbuttoning buttons,);
finger gymnastics- lacing;
constructor, mosaic, puzzles, liners;
pyramids, nesting dolls;
"fishing" on magnets;
magnetic mosaic;
labyrinth "Super",
stencils for tracing objects.
cereals: semolina drawing,
"find an object";
constructor building from small parts.

Theoretical material:

Card file: finger gymnastics (we have more than 30 of them);

examples of plasticine crafts;

application examples.

Lessons and games in the corner of "Fine motor skills"

1. Let's feed the Cockerel.

Age: 2-4 years.

Purpose of the game: the game develops fine motor skills and coordination of movements, attention; brings joy to children.

Required materials: millet groats on a saucer, a container with a small hole (with the image of a cockerel).

Rooster-rooster!
Give me a comb!
Oh please! Ask!
I'll undo my curls!

Tell the children about the rooster bird, where he lives, what he pecks.

Game progress: offer to feed our Cockerel. Put a saucer with millet on the table and show how to carefully pour millet into the hole with three fingers.

(Pay attention to the child's degree of filling: "This jar is half full, and there is almost no empty space left in this bottle.")

2. Patterns from buttons.

Age: 2-4 years.

Purpose of the game: the game develops fine motor skills and coordination of movements, attention; independence; perseverance.

Materials: sheets of cardboard with a drawn pattern (wavy line, ball, sun, etc.), large buttons of different colors.

Game progress:

Children are offered a choice of a cardboard sheet with a pattern (the child must choose the pattern himself) and buttons. It is necessary to lay out buttons along the lines. At first, there may be simple drawings (lines, circles, squares), and then the contours become more complex. You can give tasks to use certain colors (red, yellow, blue, green) or vice versa to choose buttons of the same color.

3. Panel of autumn leaves.

Age: 2-4 years.

Purpose of the game: development of fine motor skills of hands, perseverance, accuracy, attention, imagination.

Necessary materials and visual aids: tinted sheets of white paper (1/2 sheet) with the image of a tree trunk, leaves of various trees, glue, brush, shallow saucer, clean rags.

Preliminary work: during a walk, children with a teacher collect fallen leaves (small sizes).

Game progress: put a tinted sheet in front of each child, pour glue in a saucer, show the child how to use the leaves to make a panel. Invite him to make a panel on his own. It is better to press the leaves through a clean rag. After the panel is ready, it is necessary to arrange an exhibition of children's works. Show each work to all the children in turn, name the author and praise for a good and beautiful work.

4. Sensory mats "Zip and unzip".

Age: 2-3 years.

Purpose of the game: the game develops fine motor skills and coordination of movements, attention; introduces basic colors.

Materials: sensory mats.

Game progress:

Children are offered a choice of knitted sensory rugs (for example, a Christmas tree, a car, a flower, a hedgehog, a train, etc.).

These mat are designed for early childhood development. With them, you can deal with both a subgroup of 3-4 people, and individually, depending on the development of the child. Using the sensory mat, you can also introduce the primary colors (red, yellow, green, shapes (circle, oval). Our children enjoy playing sensory mats, choosing new ones each time.

Olga Badma-Khalgaevna and Artemka

5. Collect the flower.

Age: 2-4 years.

Purpose of the game: to accumulate color impressions in children, to consolidate elementary actions with objects, the development of fine motor skills of fingers, to form an emotional attitude to classes.

Materials: mugs made of cardboard with slots on the sides, “petals” made of cardboard in four colors (yellow, red, blue, green).

Preliminary work: the teacher says that the flower consists of a core and petals.

Game progress:

The child is invited to collect the flower - insert the petals into the slots. First, with the help of a teacher, the child lays out the details on the table so that they are in his field of vision and do not cover each other. The teacher names the details that the child takes out of the box, notes how beautiful they are, names their color. Further, the game can be complicated: “all the petals are of the same color”, “all are different”, etc.

It is important to maintain the interest and joyful emotions of the child, expressing your attitude to his actions: "Well done!", "That's right", "You have a beautiful flower."

Making a group in kindergarten by zone is an important process. The development of the child is greatly influenced by the environment. Having sent your child to a preschool, you need to pay attention to the zoning of the premises. Their arrangement can say a lot about how the baby will develop.

Principles of zoning premises

Having sent the baby to the garden, he will experience discomfort at first. This is due to the fact that he is used to a certain environment. The main task of educators is to create all conditions for rapid adaptation in a preschool institution.

This is done through the zoning of premises, their competent arrangement. We will indicate on what principles educators act in order to create good conditions for the development and education of preschoolers:

on the principle of stability, dynamism. Groups are small spaces. It is necessary to rationally use every meter. When making a cassette system is most often used. Its essence is that separate blocks are created for the entertainment and development of children. Their equipment and materials can be easily transformed and create new conditions. Thus, zones in the kindergarten group will merge or separate from time to time. This will allow pupils to do things that are interesting to them;
according to the principle of age matching is an important point. Each age category has its own characteristics. They need to be taken into account.
It will be difficult for the smallest to adapt to the new environment, therefore, the design of the premises should not change frequently. Such places should be provided only with developing materials and equipment. Extra details should be removed so that they do not distract the attention of children. In addition, the environment should help develop sensory abilities. For children from 4 to 5 years old, you need to prepare a space endowed with a wide variety of games and entertainment. For older preschoolers, it is necessary to create conditions in which they can express themselves and assert themselves. Registration must be guided by the interests of this age;
on a gender basis. Boys and girls perceive the world around them differently. This must be taken into account when arranging groups. In addition, there are physical differences between children of different sexes, so the gender principle of separation is especially appropriate when dividing children's bedrooms, showers, toilet areas;
according to the principle of aesthetics - the corners created by the teacher should attract the attention of children, arouse their interest. Preschoolers should feel convenience, comfort, aesthetic pleasure.

Video: Kindergarten development environment

Formation of groups by zones

Dividing space is an important action. It is necessary to surround the kids with what will develop, educate, entertain, teach them all the necessary self-service skills. We list the key standard zones in the kindergarten group. Their arrangement is the primary task of educators:

cognitive-speech space - the corner should be equipped with didactic, visual material capable of developing an idea of the world around us, giving certain knowledge. This place is supplied with constructors, mosaics, cubes of different sizes (they can depict fruits, vegetables, fairy-tale characters, etc.), puzzles, thematic, didactic sets of cards, board games;

a corner of social and personal development is a place where a kindergarten pupil can acquire the necessary skills. There should be toys, dolls with clothes, pieces of furniture. With the help of this, the child forms an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat sequence and how to dress;

a place for artistic and aesthetic development - a space where a preschooler can express himself. Often with designing a zone in a kindergarten group objects in the form of a screen, toys for puppet theater, as well as costumes for role-playing games are used.

In addition to these spaces, there are other zones. For example, places of hygiene. They are subject to legal requirements. There are also rooms for development in the dance, vocal, artistic direction. But it is not the educators who are responsible for their arrangement, but other garden workers.