The world of dolls is full of surprises and mysteries. The doll is the first among toys. It has been known since ancient times, remaining forever young. Its history can be traced back to the construction Egyptian pyramids to the present day. She is not affected by time, she still finds her way to the hearts of children and adults.

Wherever a person settles and lives, from the harsh snow-covered expanses of the Arctic to the hot, waterless sands of the desert, the doll is his constant companion. It is simple, but in this simplicity lies a great mystery. The doll is not born by itself: it is created by a person. It comes to life through the imagination and will of its creator. Being a part of the culture of all mankind, the doll retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it.

Puppets have been used for a variety of purposes. At first, human figurines made of clay were installed as guardians of the dead. Later, they began to be sacrificed to the gods in order to protect themselves from misfortunes and illnesses.

A lot of unusual, inexplicable, frightening and incomprehensible things were going on around primitive man. Who sent all this to earth? Of course, some higher and powerful forces are gods. People began to worship the gods, asking for mercy and protection. This is how idols, idols and idols appeared - images of the gods. Usually they were made in the form of human figures. It turns out that these were the very first dolls.

When did dolls appear? Some scientists believe that simultaneously with the appearance of man. Others that we ourselves are toys higher powers. Still others say that toy items are made by the person himself.

Exploring history, we can understand that in the ancient world, dolls were used not only for games, but also for rituals. These were the ancestors of folk toys.

Until now, art historians cannot answer the question: did the doll-toy originally exist as an independent cultural phenomenon, or is it secondary compared to ritual functions? Most researchers are of the opinion that the doll did not become a toy right away. And that's why. In the deepest antiquity, in the early stages of the development of society, there was no difference between the creation of objects of religious worship and the creation of toys, the world of children differed little from the world of their parents in the sense that the child entered early into adult life embracing its values. That is why the ancient dolls were not exactly toys. They had a different purpose: participation in rituals, festivities, they were placed in graves or burned as an expiatory sacrifice. Passing into adolescence, the child dedicated the toys of his childhood to the gods, as, for example, the young Greeks and Romans did.

The development of civilization increased the period of childhood, which complicated the design of the toy, its specialization. The doll has become a childish, special and independent cultural phenomenon. Gradually, the toy turned into a means of educating and educating the child.

So, a doll is a toy made in the form of a human figure. So the person tried to show the similarity of the doll with a person. And this is worth thinking about. In Russian, the word "doll" is an animated noun. Animated means it has a soul! The master puppeteer, putting his soul into his work, like a creator, creates the likeness of a person. He believes that such a doll will help in grief and share happiness.

Types and purposes folk doll

Dictionaries, as a rule, give two main interpretations of the word "doll" - as a toy and as figures in a theatrical performance. Sometimes a doll is also mentioned as a figure displayed in a shop window. but real story dolls goes beyond dry book definitions. Regardless of what role the doll played in a particular region in a particular historical era, it is obvious that the concept of "doll" is quite complex and multifaceted.

Dolls differ: o by appearance; o according to the degree of complexity of their manufacture; o by tradition and place of origin; o according to the material of manufacture; o by functional features

Folk dolls according to their purpose are divided into three large groups: dolls - amulets, play and ritual.

Guardian doll. This is a special category of dolls. At first, the doll was a "toy", and then it became a protection from diseases, misfortunes and all sorts of evil spirits. She, as it were, replaced a person, diverted evil forces to herself and thereby protected her master. So she was called: amulet or coast. It was believed that in the manufacture of amulet dolls it was unacceptable to use piercing and cutting objects that could injure a person. Therefore, rags and threads for future dolls had to be torn rather than cut.

In the mythological consciousness of our ancestors, the human body, like many surrounding objects, absorbed the three worlds of the Universe. These are the upper, middle and lower worlds. The head represented the sky. It is no coincidence that Russian women always covered their heads with a scarf. The puppet head also had something to hide. Her stuffing was felted like a ball from tow of own hair and animal hair, from tow, hemp flakes, rags. The filler of the dolls was both ash and cereals, both burnt life and nascent life. The image of a face in a doll was forbidden, and this ban was in effect for a long time. Its observance was strictly monitored by the elders. Village women believed that the doll did not need a face at all: there should not be extra eyes in the house. Eyes, nose, mouth, ears, even drawn ones, are the gates through which both good and evil forces enter our world. The spherical head symbolized the sun, expressing stability, security, eternity. The torso of the doll is a connection with the lower world - with the world of ancestors. The absence of legs is explained not by the fact that our ancestors did not know how to make them, but by the fact that the doll did not run away, because she is also a member of the family, she is valued. The doll was supposed to give peace, so the hands were not depicted. And when they began to make hands, they were hollow, without hands. This was done so that the ancestors did not harm. Not only baby dolls were amulets. Dolls lived in houses. By the way, even now the city dwellers are trying to acquire or make themselves a brownie doll or a doll - the "coast" of the hearth.

Play doll. The doll is the oldest and most popular toy. It is an obligatory companion of children's games and the most accessible work of art for children. Play dolls were intended for fun for children.

They made dolls not only from rags, but from clay, wood, bone, straw, thread, and even cheese. The oldest cloth dolls that have come down to us were made in the second half of the 19th century. Cloth dolls were played by children all over the world. The cloth doll was the favorite toy of both the little princess and the peasant girl. These dolls were made by hand with imagination and love. While the children were small, mothers, grandmothers, older sisters sewed dolls for them. From the age of five, every girl could make herself a doll herself. The embroidered pattern that once decorated the doll's outfit was also not accidental. Each of its elements stored a magical meaning.

The word "pattern" meant "prizor", i.e. "care". On the puppet dress, as well as on the costume of an adult, they embroidered: o circles, crosses, rosettes - signs of the sun; o female figurines and deer - symbols of fertility; o wavy lines - signs of water; o horizontal lines - signs of the earth; o diamonds with dots inside - a symbol of a sown field; o vertical lines - signs of a tree, eternally living nature.

But, even when the doll became just a toy (a face appeared), it was still preserved in customs for a long time. ordinary people reverent, caring and respectful attitude towards her. In Russian peasant families, playing with dolls was not considered empty fun. On the contrary, she was encouraged in every possible way. The peasants believed that the more and harder the child plays, the greater will be the prosperity in the family and the more prosperous life. And if the dolls are mistreated, played carelessly and slovenly, troubles cannot be avoided. Dolls were played by baby girls, teenage girls, and "marriageable" girls. They took their dolls to gatherings, to visit, in the field. The beauty of a home-made doll was judged on the taste and skills of its mistress. It happened that a girl took a basket with dolls with her when she got married, and played with them in a minute free from work and other worries, until she herself had a daughter. Then the dolls passed to the girl "by inheritance".

The dolls were carefully kept and never thrown away. The doll actually played a very important role. With the help of it, the older generation could pass on, and the younger one could accept, preserve and pass on the accumulated life experience.

Ritual doll. There was a time when dolls saved people's lives, replacing a person in the rites of sacrifice. Our ancestors had a terrible custom: to appease the gods, people were sacrificed to them. But one day it occurred to someone to offer the gods a doll instead of a living person. They took an ordinary log, dressed it in a scarf and a sundress, and sacrificed it to the gods. The gods accepted the sacrifice. So the log doll saved the man. Other dolls also appeared - stuffed animals, which were sacrificed to various gods. Each doll had its own name: Kostroma, Morena, Kupalo, Yarilo, Shrovetide, Pokosnitsa, and others. The semantic content of the ritual actions of our ancestors combined the idea of ​​the revival of life, fertility, prosperity. In rituals and ceremonies, there is a desire to call on the forces of nature for the necessary agricultural actions. Rites of sacrifice have turned into real holidays. They carried dressed-up dolls with songs on their hands, danced round dances around them, started games, then “gave” them to the gods - they drowned them in rivers, burned them at the stake, and scattered them over the fields. And in return they asked for happy love, good harvests, and health.

Many ritual dolls are popular in our time. For example, familiar to everyone, "Maslenitsa". The doll is made in human growth from straw or bast. It is fixed on a wooden cross. Straw, like wood, represents the lush power of vegetation. Clothes on the doll should be with a floral pattern. Ribbons are hung on her hands, tying which people make wishes. These ribbons, in order for wishes to come true, must burn with the doll.

So, folk dolls are not only toys, but also close friends. They look like people. Initially, the doll served as both a totem and a ritual symbol, later turning into a children's toy.

The most inspired doll makers are children. The doll is a visible mediator between the world of childhood and the world of adults. Through the puppet world, children enter life as full members of society, and for adults, this is the only opportunity to return to the world of childhood. In games with dolls, children learn to communicate, fantasize, create, show mercy, train their memory. Dolls accompany us all our lives. A folk doll can be a toy, a talisman, or participate in ritual actions.

Dolls - amulets

From birth to death, Russian people were accompanied by dolls. In the old Russian village, people were deprived of that elementary medical care, as we understand it today. The birth of a child was dangerous both for himself and for his mother. The peasants believed that evil spirits were trying in every possible way to harm defenseless people. Numerous rituals were performed to deceive the evil spirits.

The peasants prepared very carefully for the appearance of a child in the family. When a woman gave birth to a child, the husband or the whole family sat down and made a "kuvadok". They hung in the bathhouse in front of the entrance or so that they were not visible, but they saw the woman in labor and absorbed all the pain. Together with swaddlers, a diaper with a corner from evil eye, and with a blanket, a “diaper” doll was built for the future baby. The toy was rolled up from colored rags, and placed in an empty cradle for the time being: to settle in, warm. And when the baby was born, the doll was laid with him to confuse evil spirits. The doll was in the crib before the baptism of the child, in order to take on all the misfortunes that threaten the child not protected by the cross.

They made a “diaper” without a needle and without scissors - it was impossible to cut or prick, because maternal strength and care were invested in this talisman, which were supposed to protect the baby. This doll reproduced the attitudes of Russian peasants. It was believed that the restriction of movement would make the child invisible to evil spirits, so the baby spent almost the entire first year of life in the cradle tightly swaddled.

Magic tried to ensure the conception of a child. So, during the wedding, a "diaper" was placed on the newlywed's knees. It was believed that after this, maternal strength comes to the wife.

The child was also made a doll - "insomnia", which guarded the baby's sleep. As a rule, these dolls were small in size. The bank of sleep was hung over the head of the bed. They believed that she drives away bad dreams.

Putting the child to bed, the mother would say: “Do not play with my child, but play with this doll!”.

As a gift for a name day, they made a doll - an "angel". This is an uncomplicated, but very pretty doll - a charm that existed in many provinces of Russia. It was made using the old traditional technology, with only shreds of light-colored fabric and thread at hand.

I was interested in the question: why was the amulet doll faceless? It turns out that in her facelessness there is more soul and warmth than in a doll - the likeness of a person. The meaning of this is much deeper. It was believed that if the doll was too much like a person, an evil spirit could move into it. A doll without a face was considered inaccessible to the installation of evil forces into it.

In Russia, and among many Slavic peoples, there was a huge variety of rag dolls. There is another doll that accompanied the child from childhood until it "left", that is, it was torn, spoiled. This is a Vepsian doll. It belongs to the northern people - the Vepsians, such a doll is also called a "cabbage" for a lot of skirts. It was made from old mother things, without the use of a needle and scissors. This is so that the child's life is not cut and chopped. This doll was a charm. The Vepsian doll is distinguished by a pronounced social and gender identity - this is the image of a married woman. This doll was the keeper of the hearth, wealth and prosperity. Doll parts are not sewn together. It is made from scraps of worn-out clothes, and threads are pulled from them to tangle and tie the details of the doll.

Previously, for any holiday in the family, they made a doll into which a particle of the soul was invested. Therefore, throwing away such dolls was considered a sinful affair. They were carefully placed in a chest. The rag coaster was given not only to the baby. Such a doll, made with her own hands, the mother gave to her daughter before the wedding, blessing her for marriage. In each house, for example, twelve lihoman dolls “lived” and protected their owners from various diseases: Avvareush, Glazeya, Deaf, Zhelteya, Karkusha, Ledeya, Nemeya, Ogney, Otpeya, Pukhleya, Tryaseya, Khrapush. The charmed dolls were placed in a row behind the stove and kept until church holiday Annunciation Holy Mother of God- April 7 (March 26 old style). On the eve of the Annunciation, at night, fever dolls were burned along with old straw beds, with human ailments and diseases.

During the time of the general struggle against paganism and ignorance, in order not to get into an unpleasant story, these dolls were modified and turned into one from twelve. They called her - the doll "spring".

They used the amulet chrysalis when they wanted to get rid of some kind of misfortune. They took it in their hands, turned it counterclockwise three times and said: “Turn away, turn around good.” When quarrels arose in the house, “dirty rubbish from the hut” was swept with a doll.

In most cases, the doll is the image of a woman, a goddess. But the man also "had the honor" to use the power of the doll. A woman gave a doll to a man when he went to war or was just going on the road. It was believed that the doll guards the man and reminds of the house, the hearth.

Each hostess in the house in the "red corner" had a doll. In some huts there were at least a hundred dolls. “It’s not a difficult task, but it’s not given to everyone,” they say among the people. Firstly, in order for your doll to come out strong and fine, you need a certain skill. And secondly, the main art was the ability to dress up a doll. Here all the fantasy of a little dressmaker came into play. It is known that doll dresses were sewn not just like that, but with meaning. The outfit should always have a red color - the color of the sun, warmth, health, joy. And they also believed that it has a protective effect: it protects against the evil eye and injuries. Each locality had its own methods of making dolls. For example, in our area (the Finogorsk group), the peasants dressed poorly, not brightly, so the dolls were not bright either. Many talisman dolls were carefully kept in the family, passed down from generation to generation along with traditional methods of their manufacture. And when the time came, the grandmother took out from the treasured chest magic dolls, multi-colored shreds, skeins of thread and began to teach her granddaughter the ancient art of puppet needlework.

Various magical properties were attributed to dolls: they could protect a person from evil forces, take on illness and misfortune, and help a good harvest.

Today, interest in folk art is unusually great: circles of folk toys are being created, exhibitions of folk art are being organized, festive folk festivals are being revived, in haute couture elements of the Russian folk costume find unexpected reflections.

Let's try and make a doll - a charm with our own hands. For children, this activity is very useful and exciting.

Chapter 2

2. 1. My first dolls

Having studied the literature on this topic, visited the city exhibition of folk crafts and got acquainted with the man-made works of my leader, there was a great desire to make amulets dolls with my own hands. On the recommendation of the manager, I organized the work of making dolls in the following way: o prepared several white and colored cotton rags of different sizes; o simple threads and floss; o "mess" for stuffing; o instructions for making dolls.

Making dolls is not an easy task. The “angel” doll turned out to be less difficult to manufacture, but at the same time it is very original. Like many dolls, she has her own story. In many provinces of Russia, such a doll was made as a gift for a name day. In our area, this doll is better known as the "Christmas angel".

It is made from a simple flap of white fabric measuring 15x15cm. without the help of a needle, only by tying the flap with a thread. The flap is folded diagonally in half. A bundle of tangled threads is laid in its center. It is wrapped in the center of the flap with a thread. Two opposite edges are straightened to the sides, the other two down. With a white thread, the folded flap is pulled in the middle, putting on a belt, then across the doll's chest - crosswise. The lateral edges are spread with wings. The doll is ready. The angel doll was my first handmade doll.

After this doll, others appeared - "diaper", "kuvadki", "Vepsian", "wedding couple", "Martinichki", "insomnia". Almost all amulet dolls are made in a nodular way. The manufacturing technology of "kuvadok" and "Vepsian doll" is described in detail in the appendix.

The most difficult to make was the doll - "wedding couple". This pair of dolls is special. In the Russian wedding tradition, at the head of the troika, carrying the young couple to the groom's house after the wedding and the church, a couple of dolls were hung under the arc of the harness: the Bride doll and the Groom's doll so that they would avert unkind looks at themselves. This tradition is partly maintained in our time. The dolls have one common hand, so that the husband and wife walk through life hand in hand. Dolls can be freely moved along the "arm". This is necessary so that between the dolls there is always room for future kids - martinichek dolls.

The work of making amulet dolls is exciting and interesting. So far, my dolls are not as good as I would like.

For me, these dolls are my favorite, because they are made by hand. They keep the warmth of my hands and carry a great semantic load. The attractive facelessness of the dolls will ward off ailments and misfortunes from my family. After all, if you believe in the protective abilities of the doll, then it will become a “charm”.

In the future, I plan to continue making dolls. Perhaps in my collection there will be play dolls.

2. 2. Beautiful with your own hands

At the second stage of our work, we invited students of grade 3a to answer the questions of the questionnaire. We were wondering if the guys were familiar with the history of folk dolls, if they had a desire to make amulets with their own hands.

24 students took part in the survey. We processed the questionnaires and found out that the current third-graders have meager ideas about the folk doll, its history of appearance in the life of a person - 22 people. Some children have a doll amulet at home - 5 people. but its purpose is not known to them. Most of the boys were not interested in the puppet theme. Only 15 students of the class showed interest in making amulet dolls.

At the technology lesson, I told the children about folk dolls, focusing their attention on amulets. The story was accompanied by a display of dolls made by me. The children listened attentively and looked at the amulet pupae with genuine interest. Most of all they liked the "Vepsian" doll, or "cabbage". It was her guys who wanted to make their own hands. The boys were also interested in the work.

I commented on the order of work, each action for making the doll and showed how to properly fix the details so that the doll turns out to be neat and tidy. The necessary material (colored and white pieces of fabric, threads) were prepared by me in advance. Consistently, step by step, the guys connected the details of the future doll, using traditional technologies for making amulet dolls. The guys were passionate about work, helped each other, shared their impressions.

"Beregini" turned out to be bright, interesting and unique. Each doll is as individual as any work of art.

To create an exhibition of our hand-made dolls, we used fabric-covered tablets. Everyone wanted to take part in organizing the exhibition. The dolls were attached to the canvas and signed so that parents and children would know the author-creator of the doll. At the end of the work, the guys wrote a review.

The guys and I decided to constantly replenish the exhibition with new dolls. Parents can also take part in it.

Initially, it was planned to hold a master class on making dolls only for students in grade 3a. But, children of other classes, after visiting our exhibition, also expressed a desire to learn the history of the folk doll and make it with their own hands. My classmates willingly volunteered to help in conducting similar lessons for students in the first and second grades.

The younger schoolchildren were asked to make an "angel" doll. It is easy to manufacture and does not require special skills in applied art. The guys were very responsive, asked questions, were attentive and active. The offer to organize an exhibition of their man-made dolls was refused. Everyone wanted to take the doll home, give it to their loved ones.

In the understanding of a modern student, a doll is a toy for girls.

Only knowledge of the history of the folk doll, the traditions and life of the Russian people helps to broaden the horizons of students on this topic, draw attention to the study of the life of our ancestors, and instill elementary skills in applied art for making dolls.

Conclusion

The shelves of modern stores delight the eye with the perfection of a variety of doll products. Such dolls are admired, the interiors of apartments are decorated, children play with them. But the most beloved doll will always be only the one that is made with your own hands, enlivened by your own inspired imagination. It is folk dolls that carry such personality traits.

Having touched the history of the origin of the folk doll, we understand that the doll at all times served as a means of educating and developing a person, carrying the goodness and warmth of human hands. She was a toy, a talisman, a symbol of ritual actions. Many national traditions of our ancestors are forgotten. With the help of our work, we have increased students' interest in folk culture, turned to the origins of the creation of amulets. We studied traditional technologies for making amulet dolls, mastered the basic skills of applied art.

Perhaps the object of my next research will be a play doll made using traditional technologies that have come down to us from time immemorial.

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Mip things: a doll in a person's life

Introduction

The world of the doll is a kind of workshop where, like "haute couture" in fashion, the most unusual and amazing images are created that feed the unlimited puppet wealth with ideas. The creative searches of masters are concentrated around the main idea in the art of the doll - the idea of ​​similarity to a person. Should the doll be our copy, or, on the contrary, is it inherent in its nature to do what a person is not capable of?

In its 30,000-year history (namely, this is how many researchers determine the age of a doll), the doll, as a children's toy, appears least of all. Dolls were idols, mannequins, interior decoration, philosophical model. The potential of the doll is enormous, and modern puppeteers have yet to discover new facets and possibilities of this topic.

The doll appears from the imagination and at the will of its creator - a man. It takes on life, absorbing the originality and special features of the people who made it. It is one of the main values ​​of folk culture. Today, in modern society, unfortunately, the connection between generations and many traditions have been lost, so only a few enthusiasts are engaged in making dolls.

The most inspired doll designs are created by children. We can say that the doll is an intermediary between the worlds of adults and children. This is the only role of the doll that has not changed throughout the history of mankind. Playing with a doll helps children learn about the world of adults, and for an adult it is an opportunity to get in touch with the world of childhood. Modern stores offer an endless variety of doll products. According to statistics, adults make a large third of purchases in toy stores for themselves. Adults use dolls to decorate the interior, collect collections. They are also used in some areas of psychotherapy. That is, in today's world, the doll performs its functions that are significant for the harmonious existence of a person. But often, the most beloved doll is the one that is created by oneself. Despite her apparent imperfection, lack of symmetry or a perfectly executed face, there is something in her that warms the heart and feels what can be called soul.

1. The role of ritual, traditional dolls in the life of the Russian people

A doll - a human toy - has a special meaning in the tradition of the people, where ideas about a woman, the progenitor of all living things, are preserved. In the appearance of female characters different peoples chest, wide hips are clearly identified. Often the image of women with a baby in their arms, as symbols of fertility, childbearing and motherhood - the main natural and social missions of a woman. Even before the birth of a child, women made, gave dolls - coasters, women in labor, deeply believing that they would protect the child. The archaic attitude to the doll - assistant and protector is captured in fairy tales.

In Japanese, the doll is “ninte”, which is translated as “the image of a person”. You probably can't be more precise. The doll is the first among toys. It has been known since ancient times, remaining forever young. Its history can be traced from the time of the construction of the pyramids to the present day. In the ancient world, the doll was an image of God, a “understudy” of a person in the ritual of sacrifice, then a talisman. And even when she became a toy, a reverent, careful and respectful attitude towards her was still preserved in the customs of ordinary people for a long time.

The doll is not born by itself: it is created by a person. It comes to life through the imagination and will of its creator. Being a part of the culture of all mankind, the doll retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. It is the recognition of human features that is the value of a traditional folk doll. Sacred and play orientation coexist in the Russian doll. Simple artistic and expressive means of dolls allow in children's games to display with sufficient reliability the world of adults, in which the sacrament of birth played a dominant role. The game reproduced the most significant life events: birth and death, weddings, holidays associated with seasonal changes in nature, etc.

It should be noted that in the old puppet life”was much richer in plots. In the games of peasant girls, the dolls did not just “eat” and “sleep”, they “went to visit”, “celebrated weddings”, “nursed children” and, in their turn, “died”. At doll weddings they danced and sang songs, at funerals they cried. True reproduction in the game of the corresponding rites required a large number"participants" - puppets, which were assigned certain roles. So, for example, in order to “play a wedding” according to all the rules, in addition to the main figures - the “groom” and the “bride”, it was necessary to have in the puppet set all their relatives, and first of all, the “mother-in-law”, “father-in-law”, “mother-in-law” , "father-in-law", as well as "druzhku" (comrade of the groom), "bridesmaids" and, of course, "matchmaker" - an indispensable participant in the old wedding ritual. Such characters, as well as the game plots themselves, existed mainly in villages, as they say, in the people's outback, in contrast to large villages and cities, where the original Russian tradition began to be crowded out early by the introduced European tastes and standards.

In Russian peasant families, playing with dolls was not considered empty fun. On the contrary, she was encouraged in every possible way. The peasants believed that the more and harder the child plays, the greater will be the prosperity in the family and the more prosperous life. And if the dolls are mistreated, played carelessly and slovenly, troubles cannot be avoided.

The functional use of the doll was not limited to play activities. In traditional culture, it often acts as an object endowed with sacred properties, and, according to ancient beliefs, is capable, depending on the forces that control it, to do good or evil. In the first case, a doll (no longer a toy) can be called a talisman, since its main purpose is to protect, protect the owner from black magic. In order to separate ritual dolls made for various magical actions from play dolls, the latter were deliberately not depicted with facial features. The facelessness of the doll - an echo of animistic beliefs - is generated by the fear of "reviving" the human figure by giving it a final resemblance to the original.

Dolls were given to each other as a sign of love and friendship. At the same time, it was believed that a gift made from a pure heart brings happiness, and with hidden hostility, it invites all sorts of misfortunes and misfortunes. Therefore, in the manufacture of ritual dolls, it was unacceptable to use piercing and cutting objects that could injure a person. Rags and threads for future dolls had to be torn rather than cut.

In some huts there were at least a hundred dolls. Unlike grass or straw, the fabric is quite durable. Things made of linen canvas have been stored literally for centuries. This property of the material provided rag dolls " long life”, which in the old days was considered very important, because then it was customary to pass them on by inheritance as a guarantee of happy motherhood and family well-being. They were kept in families, passing from generation to generation along with traditional methods of their manufacture. Is it any wonder that, after the wedding, young women used to bring whole baskets of such goods with them to their husband's house and continued to play with dolls until the birth of their first child.

In the meantime, the girl was small, her mother, grandmother and older sisters made dolls for her. They always found time for this, despite the hard peasant labor. When the baby was five years old, and it was time to build dolls herself, then the grandmother took out magic dolls, multi-colored shreds, skeins of thread from the treasured chest and began to teach her granddaughter the ancient art of doll needlework.

Each girl wanted to quickly make a doll, on which she could show her knowledge of costume and needlework, so as not to sit up too long - to play with young children and get to gatherings in time. They sewed dolls mainly during Christmas and Lent, and in the spring, after Easter, they walked around the village, showed off sewn dolls, listened to what they would say. They will praise which girl, they will definitely ask how old they are. If it is still small - they will treat, caress. If the age has already approached (12 soon), then they promise to invite them to gatherings with their needlework - to show themselves.

In some areas, these dolls even had their own name. The first doll is "straight-haired". The second is a "doll with a scythe." The third is "youth". The fourth one is “an elegant doll” or “for free-handling”, and it was the exam that separated childhood from youth.

Each locality had its own ways of making dolls. The simplest dolls were made in the Poltava, Kiev and Cherkasy regions. They took a piece of white cloth, put a ball of cotton wool in the middle and pulled it with a harsh thread - the doll's head is ready. It remains to put a handkerchief on it, and tie bright shreds to the ends of the twist. That's the whole doll.

It is very similar to a doll - a twist - a Vepsian doll. It differs from spin by a pronounced social and gender identity - this is the image of a married woman. Doll parts are not sewn together. It is made from scraps of worn-out clothes, and threads are pulled from it to tangle and tie the details of the doll. This doll must have an apron with a belt and a headscarf. According to pagan beliefs, the image of the face of a doll was forbidden, therefore, in home-made rag dolls, instead of a face, you can see a pattern in the form of a cross, rhombus or square.

Another of the simplest dolls is a swaddle doll. Such a doll was placed on the newlyweds. It was believed that after this, maternal strength comes to the young wife. To confuse evil spirits, a swaddled doll was placed next to the baby in the cradle, where she was before the baby was baptized. The doll was made from a piece of worn homespun clothing. It was believed that with native, homemade material, a particle is transmitted to the doll. life force. During the manufacture, the doll seemed to repeat the sacrament of birth. The swaddle doll accompanied children's games. Various actions with the doll, involving communication, dialogue stimulate, in particular, the development of speech skills, and repeated playing out of situations familiar to the child (“feeding the doll”, “the doll is sick”, “time to sleep”) is simple and natural way consolidation of the acquired experience.

Different areas had their own birth rites and their own dolls. For example, in the Oryol and Kostroma provinces, until the middle of the 19th century, there was a rite of "kuvada", in which the man, the father of the child, took an active role. He was present at the birth of a child and provided protection from evil spirits by performing magical actions. By the end of the 19th century, the origins of the rite were completely lost and forgotten, but the dolls remained. They were hung over the baby's cradle after baptism, protecting him from evil spirits.

Another very easy-to-make doll is associated with the sacrament of the birth and upbringing of a child - insomnia. When without apparent reason the baby began to cry, the mother, in order to calm him down and protect him from evil spirits, quickly rolled up a doll from two pieces of cloth - a charm and threw it into the cradle, saying:

Sleeplessness - insomnia,

Don't play with my child

And play with this doll.

Such a doll - insomnia remained in the house forever.

In the Stary Oskol Territory, “to protect against evil spirits, the evil eye, spoilage, a pregnant woman always had to carry items with her - amulets. These, old-timers say, are red woolen threads, ribbons, patches that she tied around her finger, arm, neck or belt.

It is difficult for a modern person to imagine the life and traditions of the Russian village. On the one hand, it was filled with hard everyday work. On the other hand, wild village holidays are well known. They were varied and numerous and were subject to the calendar cycle of agricultural work. The rituals performed during the holidays were supposed to contribute to the offspring of livestock, a bountiful harvest, the health and well-being of members of the peasant family. These dolls include "Kolyada" - named after one of the ancient Slavic deities, which adorned the red corner of the hut on Christmas Eve.

March 14 (1) - the day of St. Eudoxia was popularly associated with the image of Vesennitsa - she was in charge of the spring, she could hold spring water. On this day, horses were made from straw, which were attached to the ridge of the roof.

March 17 (4) - Gerasim Grachevnik. On this day, the first spring birds returned - rooks. The rook feather picked up on that day in plowing was considered a magical amulet and brought good luck in agricultural work. The feather was swaddled in a rag, like a doll, and tied with a belt. Such an amulet was worn behind the lining of a hat.

March 22 (March 9) - the second meeting of spring. They baked 40 figurines of birds - larks from dough, made Martinichek dolls. On the day of the holy great martyrs, clay whistles in the form of birds were made in the villages. It was believed that the whistle drove away diseases.

After counting forty days before Easter, they appoint the last day of Maslenitsa. Russian Maslenitsa has become synonymous with the widest, boundless revelry. She was called "honest", "broad", "cheerful", "drunk", "gluttonous", "wide noblewoman", "ruiner". Maslenitsa was the most cheerful, wild, holiday in Russia.

Maslenitsa was celebrated for seven days. Each day had its own name. The festivities ended with the burning of the Maslenitsa doll, made on the first day of the festive week. Shrovetide bonfires were very diverse. They burned just a pile of straw. They burned the wheel, dressed on a pole. Poles wrapped in straw and rags were burned. In some places, they made a straw doll, dressed it in a woman's costume, walked around the village with it, and on the last day they burned it, tore it apart or drowned it.

In different regions of our country, rituals were performed in different ways. For example, in the central regions of Russia, the Maslenitsa doll was made by girls. They dressed up the doll in a sundress. In Siberia, the Shrovetide doll was a male image and wore a shirt and ports. They acted differently with the dolls themselves on the last day of Maslenitsa. But there is undoubtedly something in common - in the widespread use of dolls in Russian traditional rituals.

Winter weddings were timed to coincide with Maslenitsa week. The Russian wedding was an interesting, bright, spectacular multi-day event. It was accompanied by a variety of symbols, in which traditional dolls also participated.

In the Russian wedding tradition, at the head of the wedding train carrying the young couple to the groom's house after the wedding in the church, a couple of dolls were hung under the arc of the harness: the "Bride" doll and the "Groom" doll so that they would avert unkind looks at themselves. Dolls were made by bridesmaids from scraps of white, red and other multi-colored fabric, using scraps of multi-colored threads. The basis was a torch or a thin flat chip 25-30 cm long from any tree except alder and aspen. Alder and aspen in ancient beliefs were associated with evil spirits.

The dolls get one common hand so that the husband and wife walk through life hand in hand. Puppets can be freely moved along the "hand". With the birth of a child in the family, the inseparable pair of wedding dolls parted a little to the sides, giving place to the doll on the mighty parental shoulder. How many children in the family, so many dolls on the shoulder of a wedding pair of dolls. The inseparable couple flaunted with their offspring in a place of honor - in the corner of the red hut under the icons.

The wedding table, which was called the Wedding Goose, was decorated with a doll as a symbol. This doll was a symbol of the groom and was made of straw in the shape of a goose.

The traditional decoration of the wedding feast was the wedding cake. A round wedding cake was baked at the bride's house on the wedding day. When the cake was ready, the bridesmaids richly decorated it with figurines of birds and animals baked from dough. Baked human figures were often used to decorate the cake, symbolizing the groomsmen and bridesmaids. In the center of the pie stood a stuck-in birch horn, decorated with dolls representing the bride and groom. Rogatin had a deep symbolic meaning.

In the ancient beliefs of the Slavs, the world was likened to a tree, the roots of which symbolized the underworld, the trunk - the world of living people, and the crown - heaven. The birth of a new family was likened to the birth of the World Tree of Life, the mighty branches of which were to become a young couple.

The wedding cake was solemnly transported to the groom's house, where it became one of the main decorations of the festive table. Pieces of the pie were distributed to the relatives of the bride and groom, which saw the unity of the related families, and the middle of the pie with the "World Tree" was given to the young. After the wedding, the "World Tree" occupied a place of honor in the hut next to other dolls kept in peasant families.

Through the study of traditional folk dolls, one can learn a lot about the life of ordinary people. The meaning of many rituals today is firmly forgotten, but in ancient songs, epics, folk tales, we often find mention of them.

2. Doll in world history

Once the teacher and educator of Alexander the Great - Aristotle gave his student several wax dolls in a box closed with a bolt. Passing the box to the student, Aristotle strictly warned him never to part with him and not to trust him to anyone except a faithful servant. He also gave Alexander the magic words that he must pronounce when opening and closing the box with dolls. The figurines depicted enemy soldiers lying face down, who pointed their swords at their chests, lowering their spears and bows with a torn bowstring down. Aristotle believed that these wax soldiers would help his student win battles. It is difficult to say how much puppets helped Alexander, but he did not lose a single battle in his life.

Such dolls were often used by generals. True, not for magical, but for practical purposes of preparing for the upcoming battles. So the Prussian king Frederick II, with the help of a tin puppet army, taught his generals the tactics and strategy of warfare. The Russian Emperor Peter III, Generalissimo Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov, and Emperor Napoleon also liked to play with soldier dolls. Over time, without leaving the sphere of its habitat - a cult rite, remaining a magical double, the doll became a work of arts and crafts. In ancient Rome, dolls close to decorative, interior ones were called "larvas" (lat. Iarva - "skeleton"), they were made of wood, ceramics, silver. But the most expensive Roman dolls were figurines whose heads, arms and legs were carved from Ivory. These are patrician dolls with dazzling white faces (sunburn was considered the lot of slaves). They were wearing precious jewelry, and the most exquisite clothes. Their limbs were hinged, thanks to which, the dolls could be given any poses, played with them, creating a kind of life model.

Both pagan Roman “larves” and ivory baby dolls eventually turned into Italian crypt figures or “presepio” (from Latin “crèche”, “feeding trough”; they are also called “crippas”, “santons” - “small saints") - wooden and ceramic dolls from 40-60 centimeters with articulated limbs and heads. Thanks to the precise calculation of the masters, these dolls perfectly hold any position given to them. With the help of cripps, paintings on biblical and gospel subjects were illustrated.

Dolls were placed in front of the altar, and the priest read the text from the New Testament.

Many Italian families still carefully store sets of such dolls. They depict the Holy Family, the Magi; from time to time, household members change the poses of dolls, which preserves the illusion of their secret life independent of a person. This tradition was further developed in France, where such dolls are called "crashes" (Fr. Criche - "cradle"), in Germany and in many other European countries.

Over time, kreshi began to depict not only religious, but also secular subjects, gradually turning into a home collection of interior decorative dolls.

In ancient Rome, there was a custom, as examples of the current fashion, to send small (10-15 cm) clay figures to numerous provinces. Both women and men each time expected new pandora dolls, which announced what they would wear in Rome in the coming season. Luxuriously dressed dolls served as trendsetters in medieval France, in Renaissance Italy. Back in the second half of the 18th - early 19th centuries, wealthy ladies from Western Europe and the Russian Empire, as a rule, ordered similar dolls from Paris, the capital of world fashion. Dolls were sent with sets of clothes for the coming season: for home, for relaxation, social events. Interestingly, according to tradition, they were purchased not one at a time, but in pairs. One was intended for toilets "on the way out", the other - at home. Depending on the price, they were made of wood, papier-mâché, plaster, porcelain, wax. European writers often reflected on the place of dolls in people's lives, and their works, in turn, became the basis for creating a series of original Pandora. So the romantic writer Ernst Amadeus Hoffmann repeatedly turned to the theme of dolls (“The Nutcracker and the Mouse King”, “Sandman”, etc.). His prose has become a source of inspiration for many, including modern puppet masters.

The first known author's doll was made in 1672 in England in the amount of 12 copies. In the future, such limited-edition dolls became the same collectible item as one-piece dolls.

People of science and art were carried away by the idea of ​​creating automatic puppets. Among the authors of unique dolls are Salvador Dali, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei. The dolls of the watchmaker Jacques de Vaucanson, which he showed in Paris in 1738-1741, became especially famous (a full-length automaton that played 11 melodies on the flute, and very accurately reproduced the movement of the lips and fingers of a person. And the Swiss master Pierre Jacques-Droz and his son Henri-Louis in the years 1770-1774 created a mechanical scribe - a doll with a child's face, which sat at the table in front of a blank sheet of paper, dipped a quill into the inkwell and in a clear, beautiful handwriting drew phrase after phrase on paper.

Henri-Louis Jacques-Droz, wanting to surpass his father, came up with a unique female android doll, more than a meter in size. She performed the most complex pieces of music on a free-standing organ, while her fingers virtuously and accurately followed the score. Performing the next work, the organist "breathed", and at the end of the performance she bowed in response to the applause of the public. Father and son Jacques-Droz also invented an artist doll that could paint pictures.

In the second half of the 19th century, a fashion for wax and portrait dolls appeared in England. One of the most famous Russian wax portrait dolls was the "Wax Person" - a mechanical automatic doll ordered by Empress Catherine I in memory of Peter I. The doll sat on a dais in the memorial Imperial office Winter Palace, leaning back in his chair, and wide-eyed. But when someone dared to come closer to her than it was supposed to, she suddenly got up and turned to the disturber, plunging him into horror.

The doll was fashioned from wax with an alabaster death mask by the artist and architect Carlo Bartolomeo Rastrelli. The body of the "wax person" was carved from wood, the arms and legs were hinged.

In the 19th century, with the discovery of the secret of Chinese porcelain (mathematician and physicist Ehrenfried Walter von Chirnhaus from Saxony), dolls were made from this material. The first copies of porcelain dolls were intended for the royal courts, and in 1814, when the Sonneberg moulder Friedrich Müller came up with his own recipe for papier-mâché (from the French Papier-mache - “chewed paper”) - a mixture of paper pulp and kaolin, Germany became the leading producing country of such dolls and remained so until the "vinyl revolution". Most of these unique designer dolls have survived to our time and have become the pride of museum and private collections.

There was not a single country or civilization that would not have left us data on the presence of dolls in human life.

Dolls are a universal language accessible to everyone. They make it possible to understand without words the most complex secrets of the universe.

3. A doll in a child's life and its role in moral education

The doll performs an important function in the process of human socialization. The variety of roles attributed to the doll is endless. The doll personifies the image of a comrade, a friend with whom “solitude together” comes, an intermediary in communication, and at an older age it becomes a symbol of childhood, love, affection.

For modern child the doll is a kind of symbolic partner for the game, an object of emotional communication. The child learns to take care, to empathize with all the puppet twists and turns that he creates in his imagination based on his feelings and experience.

Playing with dolls reflects those social relationships that affect the child emotionally in the first place. The doll is a kind of representative of a person in the game, which, according to the child, must be protected. The functions of the guardian are most often performed by children in games in which the role of children belongs to the doll.

Such relationships with the doll give the child the opportunity to "educate" himself and thereby transfer his knowledge, activate it, learn to argue, exercise in the manifestation of moral qualities.

The doll - the oldest of all toys - appeared almost simultaneously with the appearance of man. And she was always next to him, taking on a variety of forms and performing any functions.

The game is an independent, independent activity of the child, in which he can realize his desires and interests. The role-playing game is at the center of the life of a preschooler, it educates and educates him, contributes to the formation of moral qualities. In the game, children reflect the actions of people and their relationships. Throughout preschool childhood, children play "family". This game reflects the child's moral feelings and experience of communication with parents, loved ones, surrounding adults and peers. It is in such a game that the child learns those personality traits that are characteristic kind people. The game of "family" allows the preschooler to take the place of the parents, thereby trying on their role for themselves. The most valuable for the formation of moral feelings are plots reflecting typical everyday phenomena, everyday care for a small child and raising him in the family, caring for his mother and other family members, family traditions, holidays, cultural rest at home.

The doll has a huge pedagogical potential, contributing to moral education children. She develops in them the nascent parental feeling, is a communication partner in the game. Through playing with dolls, children walk into life as full members of society. The doll is an intermediary between adults and a child, because it allows an adult to control their behavior without coercion and violence against the feelings and desires of children. She can act as a substitute for a friend who understands everything and does not remember evil. The need for such a toy arises in every preschooler - not only in girls, but also in boys. Playing with dolls allows the child to model behaviors that are correlated with the norms and rules accepted in society, and lead to the ability to evaluate their own and other people's actions from this point of view.

Conclusion

Having touched the history of the origin of the folk doll, we understand that the doll at all times served as a means of educating and developing a person, carrying the goodness and warmth of human hands. She was a toy, a talisman, a symbol of ritual actions. Many national traditions of our ancestors are forgotten.

With the help of my work, I tried to show the need to rethink the significance of the doll as a social phenomenon. I hope my work has clearly shown how important role dolls play in the life of not only a child, but also an adult.

Literature

doll russian wedding picture

1. Kotova I.N., Kotova A.S. Russian Rites and Traditions. People's Doll. - St. Petersburg. "Parity", 2005. - 240 p. Page 78-83

2. Levkievskaya E "Myths of the Russian people"; M; Astrel, AST 2002. Pp. 39-42

3. "Beautiful with your own hands." - Moscow, Children's literature, 1987. Pp. 29-36

4. Yurina N.G. I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Toys. - Moscow, ACT Publishing Company LLC, 1999. Pp. 103-105

5. "The Russian Ethnographic Museum for Children", a methodological guide for teachers of preschool educational institutions St. Petersburg, "Childhood - PRES" 2001, pp. 122-129.

6. Magazine " Folk art"No. 3, 2003" Doll "for free" Nina Osipova, pp. 29-31.

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The role of the pupa in the life of our ancestors

Slavic amulet dolls not only decorated the interior or played in childhood, they have always been very powerful helpers in everyday life, in the social and personal life of our ancestors. Dolls were made on occasion folk holidays, for example, for Shrovetide or Ivan Kupala Day, as gifts or ritual symbols for celebrating family events such as a wedding or the birth of a child, and also simply made as companions-guardians of peace, health, prosperity, love.

Imagine the life of our ancestors - no TV series, no Internet, no mobile phones, no offices, no airports - all life was built on the cycles of nature, merging into one whole with the calendar and climatic conditions of agricultural life. Ritual pupae were made for various events, such as a new harvest, the passing of winter and other vital stages of the year, and each of them was filled with its own meaning and had its own personal purpose - some pupae were burned as a symbol of purification, and some vice versa, filled with cereals and put in a prominent place in order to attract prosperity to the house. The pupae were very different, not only from fabric - they were made from clay, and from straw, even from ash.

If a good event happened in a family - a wedding or childbirth, then our ancestors would definitely make dolls - to ward off the evil eye, damage, evil spirits and other troubles from a newborn baby or so that a special doll for newlyweds "lovebirds" helped to maintain the integrity of the unity of the new family. The secret of real lovebirds is that they were made from one indivisible square of fabric with a common handle, and the red thread of fate never broke during manufacture - then, according to legend, the family will never collapse - they have a common basis and a common judge. Only when a baby appeared, a separate loop was tied. Lovebirds were sometimes dressed up in beautiful festive clothes.

Dolls were also made for various other reasons - for example, if the husband left for a long time, then instead of him, the owner's protective doll was made and sat in a place of honor in the house. And if a woman in a family could not give birth in any way, then another doll was made - Moskovka, so that with her stateliness and magnificence she would bring and embody the spirit of happy motherhood and fatherhood in the family. And if the wife planned a baby, then in order for him to appear sooner, she made herself a "pregnant doll", and the result was not long in coming. The secret of a pregnant doll is simple - an ordinary doll was made, and a small "diaper" was hidden in the hem of it.

In order for health to reign in the house, so that nothing could harm it, a "pod" was made - a beautiful chrysalis sitting on a bag with healing aromatic herbs. If someone fell ill, then the pouch was rubbed with fingers, passing with it throughout the house, and then the egg was placed in bed with the sick person so that the spirit of the disease would be frightened and disappear. For small child be sure to make a small amulet "bunny". If it was necessary to leave the child alone, then, so that he would not be sad or scared, they put a bunny on his finger, and the child was no longer left alone - he was with a talisman, a friend and a toy in one person.

In order for good and joyful news to always come to the house, “bells” dolls were made and several things were hung at once. The doll "day-night" protected the night peace of sleep and gave daytime joy and energy. This doll also carried the philosophical meaning of being - you need both day and night, and rain and sun, and winter and summer, and white god and black god - everything is needed for something, everything needs to be loved.

And in addition to all of the above, personal dolls were also made for each person - amulets made of fabric by binding, winding and twisting. Such pupae were responsible for all aspects of life, helped in all endeavors, protected from all ailments. These were the personal dolls of adults, their tireless coastlines.

Rules for making dolls

Protective dolls were always made with a white face - so that through this doll it was impossible to transfer evil thoughts and deeds to its owner or owner, as well as White color figuratively expressed the spiritualization and purity of the thoughts of the owners. Beregini dolls have always been made without the use of needles, scissors, knives, glue, and so on, so as not to harm those whose health and welfare they will then keep. The threads were broken by hands or bitten with teeth, and if something had to be cut, they were first cut, and then applied to the chrysalis.

In the manufacture of dolls, in no case was the presence of male energies in the room where the sacrament took place, and if there were little boys in the room at the same time, then they had to be busy with their own affairs, they were by no means allowed to be around and watch to the manufacturing process. Girls and women gathered, sat down at the table and worked, singing and talking about their own, about girlish things.

The most important thing in the manufacture of dolls was not the technique itself, but the images that were invested in this process. For example, the craftswoman twists the neat head of the doll with her fingers, and says to herself: “a bright head, clean, filled with goodness, love.” She makes the doll breast and puts into it images of happy motherhood, prosperity in the family, kindness of the owner. Therefore, such dolls could only be made by those whom the craftswoman loved and from the bottom of her heart wanted good for herself, her husband, daughter, son, sister, and so on. And if she was already making a coastline for someone else, then at first she had to be imbued with the image of the future owner, wish him or her well and all the best, and then get to work.

If in the process of working on the chrysalis something didn’t go well - the thread would suddenly break off in the wrong place, or it’s impossible to straighten some fold in any way - it means they said: “misfortune will come to the chrysalis, and I (or the name of the one to whom the amulet was made) will bypass ".

Giving a doll as a gift

If the doll is intended as a gift or made for yourself, then you need to fill it with the kindest images, sincerely wish all the best to the future owner or owner of the doll and imagine how this is already being done. It must be remembered that from this moment your doll becomes an independent energy unit, sharing the fate of the future owner or hostess. It is necessary to treat her very carefully, remembering her high purpose - to keep your health, spirit, well-being, love and everything else you want to ask her.

doll sale

If you want to sell a doll, then no matter how much moral and material resources you have invested in it, you must be ready for any price offered for it. It must be remembered that people have very different incomes, and desires, as a rule, if you look deep into the soul, are the same. Everyone wants love, health, happiness, peace, strong family, confidence that everything will always be fine. Therefore, you can not evaluate the doll as an ordinary product.

For someone, even 100 rubles is a lot of money, and he can only give an apple - which means that this is the price of this doll for this person. And for someone, the average salary of an ordinary Russian means nothing. The question is how much a person is willing to pay for a doll is not in the amount of money, but in the percentage of his income from the amount of his faith in the power of the doll. That is, how much the buyer is willing to pay for his coastline, so much is it worth at the moment.

Therefore, before selling a doll, you need to think not about the amount of money that may be paid for it, but about what strength and energy will come to this person, and create his image of a happy, healthy and confident person. And if the buyer felt the value of his purchase, realized that the doll would now help him, and this is what he wanted for a long time, then this is the most important thing, for which it was generally worth starting to do.

Questions about dolls

1) Will the doll help? Imagine that you want to lose weight, buy yourself a miracle pulsator for your belt, put it on, cut yourself a bunch of sandwiches and lie down on the sofa watching TV to wait for weight loss to come. Do you think you will lose weight? Also with the doll.If you decide to get married, instructed the doll to do this, and you yourself have already forgotten when you combed your hair beautifully, then you can then tell everyone for a long time what a useless doll you have and how you were fooled. The doll will not help if all responsibility is shifted to it, and nothing is done by itself. And if you work to achieve your goal, but at the same time ask the doll to help - then she will “believe” you and will definitely help. The main thing is to “see” (imagine) yourself as slim (you can imagine yourself on the scales, where your favorite weight is written or how you fit into the year before last suit, etc.), healthy (how you carelessly jump over a rope, easily run up fifth floor, etc.) married (how your future husband puts a ring on you, how you cook breakfast for him, etc.), rich (what a beautiful house you have, how you fly on an airplane to the Canary Islands, etc. ), a happy mother (like a baby cooing, how you take him to school with a bouquet of gladioli, etc.), then your doll "counts" these images of a happy fulfillment of desires and will help to realize them.

2) How to combine several desires? Theoretically, this is possible, for example, if you want to get rich and get married, then you can “dream” a rich husband for yourself, and solve everything in one fell swoop. But fairy tales about Cinderella have long remained in childhood. Such cases do happen, but not as often as we would like, and even so that happily everything then develops. Therefore, it is best for you to outline what is most important to you in the first place. If you want to get married stronger than get rich, then make charms of lovebirds, and put this desire into a Vepsian doll. Let the result appear, at least you yourself begin to act in this direction - imagine your wedding (yourself in a white dress, a ring on your finger, cries of "bitter", Olivier with champagne in beautiful hall), tell your girlfriends and relatives about your desire, register on dating sites, go somewhere "in the light" more often, and so on, and if you already have a loved one, then start talking with him about housekeeping, a child, coax borscht, go with him to his relatives and so on. If the realization of the dream is already put into action, and at least the first small results are obtained, then you can also make a second amulet for wealth - a grain with a rich man and a Veps doll with words-images of wealth.

3) How are charm dolls combined with religions (any), other amulets, brownies, etc.? With our dollsthere are no prohibitions, and anyone can use the chrysalis chrysalis. Religious symbols, premises, rituals - it's all very solemn, beautiful and a little far away. And the doll - here she is, always there, such a soft and cozy beauty, if you want to play with her, if you want to talk, if you want to wipe your tears about her.

Divination on a new doll

After the doll has found its owner, you can tell fortunes on it. You need to ask the new owner what you like about the chrysalis and what you don't. If a person finds some kind of flaw, for example, one breast is smaller than the other, or the doll stands unevenly, or the man’s legs are short, you need to ask what this means, what this flaw is associated with. For example, if the doll stands unevenly, then this is often associated with financial or social instability, short legs - with a lack of movement, different breast sizes - with different attitude to people: someone is affectionate, but with someone she is a vixen, and so on.

Each person has his own view on different subjects, and certainly his own interpretation. Someone will say that the dress is too bright, defiant (it means that she herself behaves like that somewhere), and someone, looking at the same dress, will praise the designer’s taste in fabrics (which means that she herself has good taste).

Everything that a person in a chrysalis does not like - he himself has, and everything that he likes - too! Therefore, such fortune-telling is very useful, but not for people who have given up on themselves and see themselves as a victim of circumstances, but for those who think and work on themselves, rejoicing that they have found a flaw that can and should be corrected.

Place for a doll

After the chrysalis has finally found its owner, it must choose a place for itself. To do this, you need to relax and trust her choice. Try to imagine that wherever she wants to sit, it will be the best place on earth. As soon as you manage to feel complete trust, that is, you relax and do not attach too much of great importance, then put her on the palm of your hand and look at her, asking her a question - where does she want to live. Wherever you want to go at this moment, go there, just follow your desires.

She can hide, or she can reign - trust her, she knows better where it is most convenient to help you - from the car or from under the pillow, from the refrigerator or from the purse, from the nightstand or from the center of the mantelpiece.

If you stand in the middle of the room with the doll, and nothing happens, then it's okay, it means that the doll trusts you to choose the best place for her.

How to say goodbye to a doll

If your doll suddenly bothers you, or it starts to fall apart from the length of service, do not throw it away entirely. Disassemble into rags and burn them, then that mountain of negativity, which your doll-beregina carefully collected for you and accumulated, will burn with them.

Of course, you can store them all together, for example, in one basket, or arrange them lovingly on the windowsill. But at some time they will become dusty, and cease to please the eye. Do not be too lazy to take a few minutes to part with the oldest dolls.

The doll is not so difficult to disassemble, as it seems to you at first glance. Do not forget, cutting and using sharp objects is still not allowed! Only hands and teeth are all you can use.

First, remove the handkerchief, ribbons, apron. Do not save these fabrics for future crafts, do not regret parting with the negativity of your past. Turn the doll to face away from you and remove the back skirt in an upward motion.

The most difficult thing is to unhook the wrapping circle from the neck. If the head of the doll is small, you can remove the winding through the head. If the white fabric is not very dense, you can pull the thread back by the handles. If everything is very tight and you can’t pull it over your head either, then unwind the threads from your chest, they were wound with a figure eight, so they will be removed in two moves.

When you pull off the front of the dress from the doll, then you can no longer disassemble it, since it already looks more like simple rags. There will be a white figure without clothes. First, remove the belt as follows: from below, under the handles, the fabric is divided into two parts: front and back. Pull them in opposite directions and the material will come out from under the belt. If it breaks, then this is normal, and do not be afraid to damage something. Everything that happens by itself, as it should go.

When you pull off the belt, just pull the white material around the "bracelets" - the strings will jump off by themselves. And don't take your head off. This is no longer a head, but just a rag with a cotton wool.

The most difficult chrysalis to parse is the lovebird amulet. If the winding was done in good faith, and you cannot unwind it all in life, do not suffer. Whatever you can, then untwist or tear. What you can't, the fire will take.

Put a pile of rags in the stove, fireplace or barbecue. You can put a little paper to set it on fire faster, you can "help" a little with lighter fluid.

When the fire appears, stretch your hands over it and silently bless the departure of the old, negative energies. Feel how the cleansing energy of fire fills you with new healing, good energy. Say to yourself: "Power of Fire, enter me!".

And all will be well!

good advice

Don't forget the most main advice Everything you believe in can come true. It is not necessary to work too hard in the sweat of your brow to fulfill your desire, it is enough just to calmly work in the right direction and ask the Universe to help you. Of course, the chrysalis is not the only one, but one of the most pleasant guides for helping you.

Be happy!

If you read, read, but ...

If you really liked the dolls, but you still have something incomprehensible in the manufacture, write by phone +7909-444-5049 (Krasnodar Territory) or by mail, I will answer any of your questions :)

Doll - made of rags, leather, broken paper, wood, etc. the likeness of a person, sometimes an animal (V.I. Dal)

Archaeologists, art critics: doll - any figures of a person, in particular, idols, idols. From the word fist.

Appeared in the Mesolithic, early Neolithic era. The doll helped

In rituals, ceremonies, memorial cults of ancestors, replaced people in the rites of sacrifice

Protected from diseases, misfortunes, bad hunting, hunger, infertility

Companion of the shaman in rituals, took on illnesses

Symbol of transition from one state to another, symbol of transition in time, in space

A symbol of the mysterious that is hidden in people

Dolls live in the world of people, they are scattered among us: mannequins show us clothes, dolls decorate shop windows of pastry shops and cafes, are gifts and author's products, are placed on the hood of limousines at weddings, there are in almost every home, especially a lot of them where there are children , dolls are placed among flowers on the graves of dear people and the tombs of pharaohs, sculptural groups decorate houses, on the streets and squares, bridges and parks, we see monuments and figures of people made of metal and marble. These figures everywhere silently tell us a lot, are present and amaze with their necessity and relevance. Dolls are the product of a person, his child, the handiwork. They do not interfere with the world of people, they are an integral part of this world.