The concept of pension, types of pensions. Types of pensions: sizes and some subtleties of their accrual Social security for people with disabilities

What is a pension for an elderly person? Is it important to him or not? Why? What are its types? What is a pension in terms of maintaining the stability of the social mechanism of interaction? All these questions can be answered in this article.

Pension - what is it?

Labor pension

It is appointed when a person is unable to work due to his advanced age. To get it, you need to engage in labor or other useful activities. It can be paid at the onset of old age. It is also appointed when the individual has completed a certain due date: in this case it would be a superannuation. This allows you to cover all areas of human activity, taking into account most of the features.

The pension is the most common form of remuneration for work for the benefit of society. Its size directly depends on the length of service worked, earnings, as well as insurance premiums. By the way, earlier these parts were indexed separately. But in 2010 everything changed. And now the entire labor pension is indexed. Thanks to a special mechanism, the insurance part is not just singled out as a separate category. So, let's figure out what an insurance pension is. What is she?

insurance pension

This is a monthly cash payment that compensates citizens for wages or other income that they received during their work. Also, these payments can be claimed by people who are members of the family of the insured, if he died.

What are the features of such income? You need to know that a certain fixed payment is set. It is completely dependent on the type of insurance pension. It is indexed annually by the state. It can be appointed ahead of schedule, but only under certain conditions. This is possible only if a person worked in such types of work where an increased Insurance pension is valid - this is a type of payment in such a case that begins to be made when a man and a woman reach 60 and 55 years old, respectively. Certain social and professional categories of citizens have the right to do so.

Social pension

In practice, the term "allowance" would be more appropriate for this concept. Social pension can be assigned in such situations:

1. Upon reaching old age. Women and men (over 60 and 65 years old respectively) with less than five years of work experience can count on it. At the moment, payments are provided in the amount of about 5 thousand rubles. In addition to the above individuals, representatives of the small indigenous peoples of the north can apply for a pension. Here the term is as follows: 50 and 55 years for women and men, respectively. The government has created a special list of nationalities whose representatives are eligible for such a pension. This is done only for those who live in indigenous areas and are engaged in a trade characteristic of them: hunting, reindeer herding, and so on.
2. On the loss of a breadwinner and disability. In the first case, it is available only to minor children, as well as to those who, under the age of 23, receive full-time education in educational institution. A disability pension can only be received if a person has been assigned the 1st, 2nd or 3rd group. Moreover, this must be confirmed by an act of medical examination. The amounts of payments range from 4 to 11.5 thousand rubles.

Features of receiving social pensions

The fact is that there were legal conflicts before. They were legally allowed only in 2010. It should be remembered that only the person who does not receive labor can apply for a social pension. The conditions for this are as follows:

1. The person does not meet the requirements due to which a labor pension is calculated.
2. At first, an application for the appointment of a TA was submitted, but then it was withdrawn before the amount was set.
3. There is a right to a labor pension, but the person did not apply for its calculation.
4. The TP was appointed, but its recipient refused it, while submitting a corresponding application.

It must always be remembered that a person can count on receiving only one of the pensions.

Size and world

Let's look at how much these payments reach in the territory Russian Federation and in other countries of the world. Verified information will be taken, so in the article we present the exact pensions in 2015:

1. Social - 8300 rubles.
2. Military invalids - 28,490 rubles.
3. For the loss of a breadwinner - 8040 rubles.
4. For disability - 7994 rubles.
5. Labor in old age - 13,900 rubles.

As a comparative example, one can also cite the average pension in Moscow - 14 thousand rubles. Now let's go around the world. Different countries (including our neighbors) will act as objects of consideration. The amount of payments is translated into Russian rubles:

1. Ukraine - 4 thousand rubles.
2. Belarus - 9916.24 rubles.
3. Kazakhstan - 14,166 rubles.
4. Greece - RUB 32,468.59
5. Germany - RUB 79,329.99
6. USA. Here, the amount of the payment is about 67,997 rubles. But it should be borne in mind that the pension in this country is calculated in a special way. And it cannot be considered as such in the full sense. Here, a significant income of the pensioner is the return on investment.
7. Armenia. If the Ukrainian situation can be explained by the war and the unwillingness of the elites to work for the good of the country, then this state is simply characterized by a low pension, which is 5666.42 rubles.
8. Bulgaria. It has the lowest rate in the entire European Union. It is 7932.99 rubles.
9. Georgia. Due to the difficult economic situation in the country, the average payment is approximately 3399.85 rubles.
10. Estonia. The amount of pensions in it is kept at the level of Moscow. And it is 14,449.37 rubles.
11. Finland. Top of our list. The pension in it in 2015 is 112,317.51 ​​rubles.

Let's say a word about the Russian Federation

As you can see, a pension is a pretty good support for the elderly. Of course, due to a number of different factors, it is inappropriate to compare only one parameter. As an addition, it would not hurt to figure out how much it costs in different countries consumer basket and what is included in it. Nevertheless, pensions help pensioners more or less adequately while away their days.

Conclusion

As you can see, the Russian Federation cannot boast of the highest pensions in the world. But in the CIS, things are going quite well. Of course, this is not the only parameter that must be resorted to in order to have an idea of ​​the standard of living. So, when compared with Ukrainian pensions, a significant gap can be noted. But due to the fact that the main consumer products are many times cheaper than those sold in the vast Russian Federation, the difference is not as big as it seems at first glance. Therefore, in order to determine where pensioners live better, it is necessary to look not only at the size of state payments, but also at the cost of basic food, utility bills and medicines.

The main provisions of the social payment are regulated by the Federal Law of December 15, 2001 No. 166-FZ "On the state pension provision In Russian federation".

Types of social pension provision for citizens

Based on the Federal Law of February 15, 2001 No. 166-FZ, the following types of pensions are distinguished:

In addition, you can receive such a survivor's pension child whose parents are unknown. For example, children left in maternity hospitals, medical organizations. Payment to such children will be assigned as to orphans, that is, those left without the care of both parents.

In the absence of the right to an old-age insurance pension

Citizens who, due to certain circumstances, were unable to apply for an insurance pension upon reaching retirement age are entitled to a social old-age pension. Most often, the reason is the lack of necessary insurance experience or the number of pension points. This type of payment is assigned 5 years later than the generally established retirement age - respectively, at 65 years for women and 70 years for men.

The following are eligible for old age benefits:

1. Citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the specified age;
2. Foreign citizens who have been living in Russia for at least 15 years and who have reached the legal age.

old age social security do not pay during the implementation of labor activity, during which citizens are insured in the OPS system in accordance with the law "On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation". Accordingly, if a pensioner gets a job, payments will be terminated.

Pension provision of the indigenous peoples of the Far North

Social pensions are also assigned to residents of the Far North who do not have insurance experience. For the appointment of pensions to such citizens, only two conditions must be met:

1. Permanent residence in the Far North.
2. Reaching the age of 55 for men and 50 for women.

The small peoples of the North include only those citizens who permanently reside on the territory of the Far North, in the areas of settlement of their ancestors and lead a traditional way of life and fishing for those places.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1049 approved the lists of the small peoples of the North (they include Eskimos, Chukchi, Lamuts, Kereks, etc.).

Sizes of social pensions and indexation in 2019

Sizes of social pension payments fixed and depend on the type of assigned pension and the category of their recipients. The amounts of pensions established are shown in the table below.

The size of pension payments each year should be indexed depending on the increase in the subsistence level of the pension of the previous year. If the final amount of payments is below the pensioner's subsistence level established in the region of residence, then the recipients may be assigned.

The pension for residents of the North is additionally increased by the district coefficient for the entire stay in this locality. When a pensioner leaves the "northern" territories, the application of the coefficient is canceled.

Order of appointment and delivery of payments

To assign a social pension, citizens must provide:

• identity document;
• statement;
• additional documents required to confirm various circumstances (for example, the conclusion of the SME).

The required set of documents can be submitted at any time after the entitlement to this type of pension provision. You can apply for payment at multifunctional center (MFC) or to the territorial authority (at the place of residence) Pension Fund of Russia (PFR). Documents are provided both personally and through a legal representative. An application for appointment can be submitted through a personal account on the official website of the PFR.

Pay appointed from the 1st month in which the citizen applied for it, but not earlier than the day the right to it comes. Payments are made monthly.

The recipient of the pension provision has the right to choose the organization and method of delivery of the pension provision. There are several such organizations - these can be the Russian Post, bank branches or an organization that delivers pensions.

Concerning payment methods, then there are several of them:

• at home;
• in person at the branch of the organization;
• to the bank card.

You can issue a power of attorney to receive pension funds. You can draw it up yourself, but it requires certification by a notary or directly in the organization where the pensioner receives payments. To do this, the recipient himself and the authorized person must contact these offices with identification documents (passport).

Today, the state supports citizens in a difficult financial situation in various ways.

This applies to both persons who have reached a certain age, and citizens who have fallen into a difficult financial situation. The amount paid in this way will provide a minimum standard of living.

What it is

At the moment, the term pension means a certain amount of money that the state transfers to its citizen through a specialized institution.

Today, both the process of calculation and accrual, other important points regulated by the legislation in force in the territory of the Russian Federation. If possible, the pensioner should familiarize himself with the relevant legislative acts.

There are many different types of accruals of the type in question:

• state - for long service (appointed by civil servants);
• old-age pension - due to everyone without exception upon reaching 55/60 years for men / women;
• - if a parent or other person who provided for a minor, otherwise disabled, died;
• disability pension;
• social - assigned to various categories of citizens.

The pension itself is formed at the expense of deductions made by the employer of an officially employed citizen.

Today, the corresponding amount of contributions from each salary is 22%. All deductions are made to a specialized institution - called the PFR. This fund is state, but at the same time it is off-budget.

Employees of this fund are also involved in the calculation of the corresponding payments. That is why, in order to receive almost any pension, you need to contact the regional branch of the type of institution in question.

Some individual pensions are formed through individual ministries. For example, in order to receive a military pension for length of service or on another basis, you will need to contact the military commissariat at the place of registration of the serviceman.

Also military pension can be obtained simply through the FIU. Different types of paperwork will require different documents.

The list of mandatory is established by special regulations. If you have any questions, you should contact the FIU directly. Employees will be required to answer all questions that ordinary citizens have.

Today, two factors have the maximum influence on the size of the standard labor pension:

• magnitude seniority;
• official salary.

In some cases, various kinds of allowances are required. For example, for citizens who have reached the age of 80, it doubles.

Various multiplying factors are used for persons who carry out labor activity in the Far North, as well as regions equivalent to it in terms of climatic conditions.

Be sure to familiarize yourself in advance with all the points that have a direct impact on the amount of pension contributions.

What laws govern

Today, all issues related to accrual, transfer and are regulated by the legislation in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The fundamental legal document is the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”.

It includes the following main sections:

An equally important document is the Federal Law of December 15, 2001 “On State Pension Provision”. It also regulates the process, various other important points.

For some individual categories of pensioners, there are special regulatory legal acts of an internal nature. For example, this applies to military personnel, as well as other government employees.

Is it possible to refuse

Previously, it was simply impossible to refuse pension accruals on legal grounds. But relatively recently, serious reforms have been carried out in the legislation in force on the territory of the Russian Federation on this matter.

Based on new regulations, it became possible to delay the start of receiving pension payments. These innovations began to be used from 01/01/2015.

If, upon reaching retirement age, a citizen does not apply to the FIU in order to receive appropriate deductions in his favor, then he will be entitled to special “premium coefficients”.

Moreover, the longer the period of non-use of the right to a pension lasts, the higher these coefficients will be. In this case, the premium coefficient is due for each full year.

The increase in pension contributions is carried out for each year of non-circulation by the following amount:

For example, if you do not apply for a promotion for 5 full years in a row, then:

• the size of the fixed payment will be increased by 36%;
• The amount of the insurance part of the pension was increased by 45%.

In this case, the maximum benefit will be received by citizens who, at the time of reaching retirement age, have a fairly high salary and there is simply no need for a pension.

Due to the temporary waiver of a pension, it is possible to obtain a significant increase in payments of the type in question.

This type of rule applies not only to citizens who have not yet begun to receive a pension.

Already valid pensioners, to whom the corresponding payments are transferred, have the right to write an appropriate application for refusing payments.

You will need to contact the regional branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at the place of permanent residence. In this case, the duration of the period for which the refusal is submitted must be at least 1 year.

What is a second pension

At the moment, a limited number of persons serving for a certain amount of time in the following law enforcement agencies have the right to this kind of accrual:

• others similar.

Often, after being dismissed for various reasons from these departments, those who have reached a certain age carry out labor activities in a “civilian”.

Activities of this kind fall under the relevant legislative acts - on pension provision.

But to get civil pension it will be necessary to register in the PFR compulsory insurance system. This procedure must be carried out directly by the employer.

In the future, appropriate deductions will be made for the former civil servant in favor of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

All the necessary information required for the calculation and subsequent accrual of a pension is necessarily reflected in specialized accounts. The account number is indicated in a special document - SNILS.

The second pension to a pensioner (former soldier) is accrued when certain mandatory conditions are met. The list of such conditions includes today:

• reaching a certain age - 60 and 55 years for men, women;
• length of service of a certain amount - the minimum amount of time of official employment for the appointment of a pension (for 2015, such length of service is 6 years);
• the total number of points - in 2015 they must be at least 6.6;
• the presence of a pension accrued through the power departments:
  • by disability;
  • for years of service.

It should be remembered that when calculating the length of service for calculating a labor pension, the periods that were taken into account when calculating the pension through law enforcement agencies are not taken into account. Maximum detail this question considered in the Federal Law of February 12, 1993 No.

This regulation applies to:

• undergoing military service;
• working directly in the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
• Ministry of Emergency Situations and fire service;
• bodies for the control of the circulation of narcotic drugs;
• bailiffs.

Moreover, in some cases, the right to receive a pension extends not only to employees of law enforcement agencies, but also to their families.

For military pensioners, an insurance-type pension is always assigned without summation with a fixed payment. The pension is mandatory annually indexed directly by the state.

Moreover, recipients of the second pension, as well as ordinary citizens, do not need to write any application. Indexing is carried out automatically, in a non-declarative manner. The recalculation itself is almost always carried out on August 1.

Payment Schedule

According to the legislation in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, a pension must be accrued at least once a month.

But at the same time, the specific number of transfers to the pensioner's account is determined directly by the local PFR body located in the pensioner's region of residence.

You can apply for a pension at any time. In this case, the documents themselves will be considered within the next 10 days.

After that, a decision on the accrual must be made. If it is positive, then the funds will be sure to be credited in the next month, the date set by the specific FIU.

Adjustments are made annually. However, at least once a year. It should be remembered that from 2016 the indexation size will be minimal. There are several reasons for this: the budget deficit, economic sanctions and the weakening of the ruble.

Municipal

To receive a pension of the type in question, it is mandatory to have a work experience of at least 15 years. At the same time, for its appointment, certain other additional important conditions must be met.

It is possible to receive a municipal pension if the employment contract is terminated for the following reasons:

• if the liquidation of the enterprise was carried out, the reduction of the staff;
• if the authority of the employee in a certain position has ceased;
• the age limit for holding a certain position has been reached;
• the occurrence of inconsistency with the position held;
• at will.

Re-registration

Today, the insurance part of the pension can be reissued to a close relative or another person.

This procedure is performed as follows:

• it is necessary to obtain information about the location of a particular pension;
• within 6 months from the date of death, it is required to visit the organization where the funds of the deceased pensioner are located (confirmation of the right of inheritance and a death certificate will be required);
• a special receipt-notification is issued - on the registration of the application itself;
• within 10 days the application will be considered;
• if a positive decision is made, the funds can be obtained in any convenient way.

It is very important to meet the deadlines. If they are missed, registration will not be possible. Today, the receipt of a pension, as well as the process of its formation, are associated with a large number of very different features and nuances.

It is worthwhile to carefully read all of them in advance if possible. This will avoid the occurrence controversial points- which will significantly speed up the process of registration and, accordingly, the receipt of funds.

Video: Pension provision

We all have an idea about social payments, retirees and pensions. But what is a pension, in terms of legislation? We will find out what types of pensions are, what an old-age pension is and what it consists of, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Pension - monthly cash payment in order to compensate the insured persons for wages and other payments and remunerations lost by them in connection with the onset of disability due to old age, disability or loss of a breadwinner.

Retirement in Russia

An old-age pension is accrued when a citizen of the Russian Federation reaches the status of a pensioner. The retirement age in Russia was set back in 1932 and has never been changed since then. The retirement threshold for women is 55 full years and 60 years for the male population.

The required work experience for obtaining a full-fledged pension is 25 years for men and 20 for women.

The pension legislation in our country is one of the most stable in the world. What is a state pension? State pension is a pension paid to a citizen from state social security funds.

accrual state pension on disability or on the occasion of the loss of a breadwinner, it also occurs as a monthly payment accrued to the account of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with the Federal Law, the following types of labor pensions are established.

• retirement pension
• disability pension
• labor pension in case of loss of the breadwinner.

An old-age pension may consist of the following parts:

• insurance part
• funded part

For your information, it is worth noting that pension issues are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation in accordance with federal law"On labor pensions in the Russian Federation".

A pension is usually called monthly payments that replace the lost income of a citizen. The most massive category of pension recipients are people who have reached the age of disability, in connection with which they are entitled to an old-age pension. The retirement age is not a constant value, it differs not only in different countries, but also within the same state can vary and change. As a rule, the retirement age rises along with the standard of living, reflecting positive changes in the overall life expectancy of the population, but such a measure may also be associated with economic reasons.

Today in Russia the right to an old-age pension is received by women after 55 years and men after 60 years. Another prerequisite pension accrual is the presence of a certain work experience. At the moment, at least 6 years of insurance experience is required, but by 2025 it will gradually increase to 15 years.

The old-age pension is formed from contributions to Pension Fund that employers do for their employees throughout the entire time they work. All contributions made are accounted for in the pension account of a citizen. Most of them go to payments to today's pensioners (the insurance part of the pension), however, the current legislation also provides for deductions for funded part pensions (6%) that do not go towards payments. These funds can be invested in order to generate a profit, which also goes into pension capital.

A citizen who has reached retirement age has the right to apply for pension accrual. To calculate the monthly payments to a pensioner, a special formula is used, which includes the basic pension, the value pension savings until 2002 (the year of the large-scale pension reform), valorization and the amount of pension capital formed after 2002. The amount received is divided by 234 - this is the billing period of months during which the pensioner will receive payments. This number is used for calculation purposes only, therefore, if necessary, the pension will be paid after this period.

In 2013, a new stage of the reform of the pension system of the Russian Federation began, implying a transition to a different procedure for calculating pension payments. Under the new rules, pension accrual will depend on pension points (coefficients). Points are formed on the same grounds on which pension capital is accumulated now - according to the general level of wages and the pensioner's length of service. The number of accrued points will increase if a citizen applies for a pension later than he becomes entitled to it.