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29.05.2017 (00:20)

Today Russia celebrates the Day of the military motorist

The combat chronicle of military motorists with the history of our Motherland, the heroic deeds of motorist soldiers during the Great Patriotic War, the restoration of the national economy, the development of Virgin and Non-Black Earth regions, the fiery roads of Afghanistan and other military conflicts, and the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations.

AT modern conditions military vehicles in the general system of the Armed Forces Russian Federation occupies a special position, being the main means of ensuring the mobility of troops and the main means of ensuring their combat activities. The most important task of the automobile troops is the transportation of mobile weapons systems and equipment.

Today, motorist soldiers are an example of professionalism and responsibility, an honest and conscientious attitude towards the fulfillment of a sacred duty to the Fatherland.

Military vehicles are the most massive type of military equipment in modern army penetrating all military formations from the battalion to the army.

In a modern combined-arms (motorized rifle) brigade of a new look, the number of motorists reaches 20% of the total personnel.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a whole, the number of military vehicles many times exceeds the total number of all types of other equipment.

Currently, in the SV, Navy, VKS, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces, almost all ground weapons are mounted on automobile base chassis, and for the Armed Forces this figure is more than 95%, and samples of military vehicles carry more than 1.5 thousand types of weapons, which is more than 95%.

The total fleet of BAT in the Russian Armed Forces is more than 410 thousand units.

Motorists in the army are drivers, repairmen, commanders of automobile units, heads of the automobile service, as well as specialists from research organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

All these people are directly involved in the development of requirements for military automotive equipment, verification of compliance with these requirements by industrial enterprises during its creation, operation and repair of both general transport vehicles and automobile base chassis used for mounting weapons, military and special equipment.

Today, the Omsk Automobile and Armored Institute is engaged in the training of automotive officers, and civil universities and their military departments also train specialists in the automotive industry. After training, you can go to serve under a contract or become a motorist officer. Drivers are trained by the Driver Training Center in Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh Region, and the Counter-Emergency Training Center in Solnechnogorsk, training centers of military districts, types and branches of the armed forces, as well as DOSAAF.

On May 29, 1910, on the basis of the Decree of the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II, the first automobile training company was formed, which was subsequently transformed into a military automobile school. The functions of the military automobile school under the leadership of Colonel Peter Secretev were not limited to the training of drivers. In the military automobile school, research was carried out to determine the suitability of existing vehicles for the needs of the army, the formation of the first requirements for military vehicles, and to verify that their parameters correspond to army requirements. Thus, almost simultaneously with the advent of cars in the Russian army, the foundations of military automotive science and pedagogy began to take shape. It was this factor that had a decisive impact on the widespread use of cars in the Russian army. So, if by the beginning of the First World War the army numbered 711 vehicles, then by the end of the war the fleet exceeded 10 thousand vehicles.

For the training of motorist officers, an officer class was created, to which officers selected in the troops were sent. The training of officers included: a general course of technical disciplines, a course of mathematics, chemistry and other sciences. In addition, the officers had to perfectly master the driving of cars, their device, operating methods and repair methods, including tire vulcanization skills.

Each country has its own history of the emergence of the production of cars and the beginning of their use in the army, which arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Initially, cars began to enter service with the army in France (1898). Then the example of the French military department was followed by Germany. The third power, which began to engage in the use of cars in the army, was Russia.

Today it is difficult to imagine how just a little over 100 years ago people managed without a car, how the issues of ensuring the mobility of the armed forces were solved without a car.

At the same time, the path of a domestic car to the army was not easy, and at the initial moment of its development, like any innovative project, it experienced resistance. a large number persons, in particular, using horse-drawn transport (in 1912, there were 32.8 million horses in Russia).

In February 1910, secret submission No. 37 was submitted to the military council, which said: “... to the railway battalions European Russia and the Caucasus, it is planned to give the 5th company, called automobile. It was planned to buy cars "... depending on the funds that will be allocated for this." It was planned to have 12 cars in each company, and in total it was supposed to contain 108 cars.

By the end of the First World War, it already included 22 separate autorotes.

During the Civil War, both white and red cars were used, and both sides experienced significant difficulties in providing their automobile units with spare parts and fuel and lubricants. In 1920, the Red Army fleet consisted of seven and a half thousand vehicles (mostly foreign-made).

At the end of the 1920s, the formation of separate automobile battalions of district subordination began, completed with new domestic cars. By the mid-1930s, there were already 40 thousand vehicles in the Red Army, Soviet military theorists began to consider the car as the main means of motorizing the infantry, which should follow the tanks in a deep offensive operation.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the army fleet exceeded 272 thousand units of all types, the basis of which were GAZ-M1 passenger cars, the famous GAZ-AA lorry trucks and ZIS-5 three-ton trucks. In the first months of the war, motor transport units suffered catastrophic losses, which were partially compensated by the mobilization of equipment from the national economy and, to some extent, the production of new cars. But until the end of the war, the industry did not reach the indicators of 1941. An important role was played by the supply of American trucks and jeeps. In the summer of 1945, there were 664,000 vehicles in the Red Army, a third of which were equipment received under Lend-Lease, and about 10% were captured.

The experience of the war involved equipping motor transport units with all-wheel drive trucks. Already in the late 1940s, the production of the army ZIS-151 was organized, then the ZIL-164 and GAZ-53 appeared. In the 1970s, they were replaced by the GAZ-66, ZIL-131, Ural-375, the UAZ-469 all-terrain vehicle, and the production of diesel KamAZ trucks began.

For 107 years, domestic military vehicles have come a long way from the upgraded "Russo-Balt-S24-40" of the ХУШ series, which received the name "Prombron-S24-40" and the first Soviet all-wheel drive vehicle YAG-12 with an 8x8 wheel arrangement to modern vehicles "Tiger and Typhoon.

More than a century of development history, military vehicles have gone from a self-propelled cart to a vehicle that is an alloy of the latest technologies and innovations.

The qualitative change in the purpose of the BAT against the background of the intensive development of means of detection and destruction of a potential enemy predetermined a significant expansion and tightening of the tactical and technical requirements for BAT samples by the branches of the armed forces and combat arms.

For the first time, based on the modern requirements of the troops and special units, the Ministry of Defense considers highly mobile light-duty vehicles (such as ATVs, buggies, snowmobiles) as possible means of ensuring mobility, which have become widespread in a number of countries around the world and law enforcement agencies in our country.

Speaking of performance characteristics I would like to note the high indicators of mobility (speed, maneuverability), indicators of bulletproof and mine protection at the level of foreign models, and reliability indicators of modern models of military automotive equipment. Modern military vehicles daily prove their right to exist by saving people's lives (project "Typhoon"), delivering various cargoes, being a means of ensuring the mobility of various weapons systems.

The key requirement of the troops for the car of the XXI century is the protection of the crew and equipment. AT last years manages to reduce the gap in this area from foreign samples, which was outlined at the end of the last century. Currently, work is underway in this direction in the Typhoon project, where the requirements for bulletproof and mine protection are embodied in iron.

Currently, the Main Armored Directorate, together with specialized research and development organizations, is working on the development of conceptual provisions for the formation of a management system for the full life cycle of BAT samples, which will ensure the readiness of BAT samples, while reducing the costs associated with their operation. To date, as part of the activities carried out, a system for objective monitoring of the technical condition of the BAT has already been developed, which allows real-time assessment of the “real state” of the BAT sample and give recommendations on the expediency of its further operation based on the values ​​of various types of operational parameters.

Along with this, in order to organize the efficient operation of the WAT in severe climatic conditions, the concept of a "warm field park" is being developed, as well as methods and means for ensuring the operation of the WAT in low temperatures.

As part of the implementation of the "Concept for the development of mobile means of restoring armored vehicles and equipment and military vehicles for the period up to 2025", approved by the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov in 2016, a number of R&D projects have been planned and are currently being carried out to develop means of evacuation and repair of BAT performing tasks in all climatic zones, including in the Arctic region. In addition, issues of using innovative technologies in the processes of BAT recovery are being worked out.

Today, the high efficiency of measures to equip units based in the Arctic region with both the existing two-link tracked carriers of the Vityaz family and newly developed special vehicles of the BAT Type 2011-2020 has been confirmed: snowmobiles, including those with a closed cabin, cars on ultra-low pressure tires ("Trekol"), multi-purpose vehicles of PJSC "KAMAZ" and JSC "AZ "Ural" in the performance of HL.

The work in the direction of the creation and prospects for the use in the northern regions of promising military vehicles, vehicles of the Tornado and Typhoon families, including those with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, is positively assessed.

Over the past year alone, 37 samples of military vehicles have been tested at 21 research centers for automotive technology at the 3rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, the total mileage during their implementation amounted to 341,623 km, and about 540 laboratory work was carried out on the samples. At present, 31 research and 21 research and testing works are being carried out.

Employees of the SIC AT take an active part in researching the problems of the functioning of the autotechnical support system and its elements directly in the troops.

Over the past five years, the Center has carried out a significant amount of research and development work, as a result of which a whole range of tactical and technical requirements and tactical and technical tasks for the development of promising models of military equipment, means of repair and evacuation of weapons and military equipment have been developed, a number of fundamental (statutory) documents have been developed , which formed the basis for the development of BAT and the autotechnical support system.

Military motorists from all over the world will identify the best in the profession this year within the framework of three international competitions - "Masters of Armored Vehicles", "Rembat" and "Military Rally".

"Masters of Armored Vehicles" is a competition for drivers of various classes of vehicles (cars, trucks and road trains). The essence of the competition is at the first stage in the implementation of the exercises of the “Driving Course” (for example, such well-known ones as “Snake”, “Dimensional Yard”, “Dead End Overpass”) in the individual standings. At the second stage, a team relay race is held along a specially prepared track with mud baths, concrete gouges, and high-speed sections.

"Rembat" is a competition for crews of repair shops, for example, MTO-UB1. The essence of the competition lies, firstly, in the speed of deploying the workshop equipment to start maintenance work on the equipment, and secondly, in the speed of replacing any unit of a car or other equipment.

The "Military Rally" is the army equivalent of the "Silk Way" rally, only in a truncated size and with the participation of military vehicles. In 2017 it will be held for the first time.

On May 29, Russia annually celebrates the Day of the military motorist. This is a professional holiday for all military personnel and civilian personnel of the automobile troops of the Russian Federation, as well as for all military personnel and those liable for military service who, on duty, have to drive various vehicles. Although automobile troops have existed in our country since 1910, the holiday itself was approved relatively recently: the date of May 29 was approved by order of the country's Minister of Defense dated February 24, 2000.

The Automobile Troops of the Russian Armed Forces (AV Armed Forces of Russia) is an association (special troops) as part of the Russian Armed Forces, which is designed to transport personnel, fuel, ammunition, food and other materiel that are necessary for combat operations, as well as for evacuation of the wounded, sick and damaged equipment in combat conditions. Among other things, automobile troops can transport troops that do not have their own automobile transport.

The Air Force of the Russian Armed Forces organizationally consists of automobile (motor transport) units, formations and units, institutions and management and can organizationally be part of combined arms units and formations, as well as units and formations of the branches of the armed forces and military branches, or they can be separate automobile formations and units . In Russia, automobile troops have existed since 1910. Thus, Russian automobile troops took part in all major wars and conflicts of the 20th century.

The date of May 29 for the holiday was not chosen by chance. It was on this day in 1910 that the first Automobile Training Company was formed in St. Petersburg, which laid the foundations of the automobile business in the Russian army and became the prototype for the future organization of the automobile service and the entire system of automotive support for the Russian Armed Forces. The creator of the automobile troops of Russia is considered to be Peter Secrets, who, with the rank of captain, headed the first training auto company in May 1910, then the military automobile school. Having risen to the rank of major general, in 1917 he headed all the automobile units of the Russian army.

It is worth noting that Russia entered the First World War, having only 5 separate automobile companies in its composition. Despite their small number, motor vehicles were already recognized as an effective, maneuverable and very promising means of transporting troops and cargo during the First World War. In the course of further hostilities, the automobile units of the regular army had to solve numerous tasks for the transportation of personnel and cargo, as well as mobilization and supply tasks. Russia ended the First World War already with 22 automobile divisions, the total fleet of which was about 10 thousand vehicles of various carrying capacities.

During the years of the civil war in Russia, both Reds and Whites used road transport, and both sides of the conflict experienced significant difficulties in providing their automobile units with fuel and lubricants and spare parts. In 1920, the fleet of the young Red Army consisted of about 7.5 thousand vehicles (mostly foreign-made).

At the end of the 1920s, the formation of separate automobile battalions of district subordination began in the country, which were equipped with new domestic cars. By the mid-1930s, there were already 40,000 vehicles in the Red Army. At the same time, Soviet military theorists began to consider the car as the main means of motorization of the infantry, which was supposed to follow the armored fist during a deep offensive operation.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Red Army already had more than 272 thousand vehicles of all types, the basis of the fleet was then the famous GAZ-AA lorry, ZIS-5 three-ton and GAZ-M1 passenger cars. In the first months of the war, the motor transport units of the Red Army suffered catastrophic losses in equipment, which were partially covered by the mobilization of automotive equipment from the national economy of the country and the production of new cars. At the same time, the production of cars in the USSR during the war was significantly reduced, averaging 51.2 thousand cars a year. The decrease in production volumes was mainly due to the switching of part of the automobile workshops and factories to the production of military equipment, especially tanks and self-propelled guns. There were also difficulties in supplying factories with metal and other scarce materials.

Until the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet automobile industry did not reach the indicators of 1941. An important role during the war years in the formation of motor transport units and divisions of the Red Army was played by the supply of foreign-made vehicles under the Lend-Lease program. During the war years, 375,883 trucks and 51,503 all-terrain vehicles and jeeps, as well as 3,786,000 car tires were sent to the Soviet Union. Another rather important source of replenishment of the motor transport fleet of the Red Army was captured vehicles. Only for the period from November 1942 to March 1943, Soviet troops captured 123 thousand German cars different types. All this made it possible to significantly increase the volume of military road transport. In 1943, they managed to double them compared to 1941, and in 1944 they tripled.

In total, during the war years, more than 145 million tons of various cargoes were transported by motor transport units and units of the Red Army. By the middle of 1945, Soviet troops had 664.5 thousand vehicles of various types, 32.8% of them were vehicles supplied under the Lend-Lease program, 9.1% were captured vehicles. For exemplary performance of command assignments, 14 automotive units and formations received honorary titles, 94 were awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, Red Star, Alexander Nevsky and Kutuzov. For selfless work and exploits during the war years, 21 thousand military motorists were awarded various orders and medals, and 11 of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The experience of the Great Patriotic War prompted the military to equip motor vehicles with all-wheel drive trucks. Already at the end of the 1940s, the production of the army ZIS-151 was launched in the country, later the ZIL-164 and GAZ-53 appeared. In the 1970s, they were replaced by GAZ-66, Ural-375 and ZIL-131, the production of diesel KamAZ trucks began, as well as all-terrain vehicles UAZ-469, which long years turned into the main domestic SUV.

Also in the 1950s, Soviet car builders faced a new task - to ensure the mobility of nuclear missile weapons being created in the country. This task was successfully solved, in the USSR special wheeled chassis were created, designed to accommodate missile systems, many of them still have no analogues. With the development of automotive technology and armaments, the level of motorization of troops continuously grew, military automotive equipment (VAT) became the material basis for the mobility of troops. At the same time, a car from a simple means of transporting people and goods has become a carrier of various weapons, including the most destructive ones.

So in Afghanistan, it was military motorists who were assigned a decisive role in providing a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan (OKSVA) with all types of materiel: from cartridges to food. At the same time, Soviet automobile units carried out the transportation of various cargoes not only in the interests of the military, but also in the interests of the civilian population of Afghanistan. A great contribution to the supply of the Soviet contingent with everything necessary was made by the 58th separate automobile brigade (58th brigade) and the 59th army brigade of material support (59th brigade).

Structurally, the Automobile Troops today include automobile brigades, regiments, battalions and material support companies, which are part of military formations and formations, as well as rear structures. At present, the Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is responsible for the tank-technical and automotive technical support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The construction and development of the military communications service, motor transport services of the branches of the RF Armed Forces, military districts and fleets, military branches and associations are in charge of the Department of Transport Support of the RF Ministry of Defense.

Today, the total fleet of military vehicles in the Russian Armed Forces is more than 410 thousand vehicles for various purposes. At the same time, new samples of automotive equipment are tested in the country every year. For example, in 2014 alone, on the basis of the Research and Testing Center for Automotive Equipment of the 3rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, 37 samples of military vehicles created in the interests of the Russian army were tested.

On the Day of the military motorist, "Military Review" congratulates all active soldiers and officers of the automobile troops, veterans, as well as all those who previously had the opportunity, while in service, to drive various automotive equipment, with their professional holiday.

Based on materials from open sources

The movement of goods and people in the military sphere is a very important task, on which the outcome of any operation depends. It is important not only in wartime, but also in peacetime. Specialists transport ammunition, food, people - they have a serious responsibility for ensuring that the work is done well. That is why the establishment of the Day of the military motorist is a natural process. It is simply impossible not to note the work of people related to such work. The day is officially fixed, but it is not a day off in the state.

history of the holiday

Officially, this holiday was fixed by decree of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2000, that is, relatively recently. It is directly related not only to drivers who directly drive the vehicle. And on this day, it is customary to congratulate engineers, mechanics, maintenance personnel, and everyone involved in repairs. Directly related to the direction are representatives of factories that produce special military equipment, spare parts, components, etc.

Why exactly May 29th? This date was chosen for a reason. In 1910, the first automobile brigade for personnel training appeared in the Russian Empire. Since then, the transport component in the army has become more important, which has significantly improved the work process. That is why May 29 is considered a day to honor military motorists.

The day of the military motorist can be considered a tribute to the historical traditions and unconditional merits of military motorists both in peacetime and in wartime, their great contribution to increasing and strengthening the defense potential of our vast Motherland. Military motorists evacuate the wounded, sick and property, as well as deliver materiel and transport personnel.

Day of the motorist in 2017, what date is celebrated in Russia and whom exactly to congratulate? You should probably start from afar. In our country in recent years, there are more and more motorists, because having your own car has long ceased to be a luxury, it is an elementary and convenient means of transportation. It will be relevant on any holiday.

If earlier not everyone could buy a car and it was considered honorable and prestigious to be a driver, today many people every day are drivers for themselves. Plus, the profession of a driver or driver, of course, also remains relevant. It is because of this that confusion arises, who on the day of the motorist of 2017, and in any other year, must be congratulated.

How the date was set

In the official calendar, this holiday is called the Day of Road Transport and Road Workers. That is, from this name it is clear that it seems like you need to congratulate only people whose profession is directly related to the car. On the other hand, among the people, the holiday is called the Day of the Motorist and it is customary to congratulate simply all the people who sit at the steering wheel for one reason or another.

If you delve into official statistics, it should be noted that the holiday was established in 1996 by a special presidential decree. That is, in our country there are a number of holidays that were approved by general documents, these are many professional days. But Motorist Day was established by a special decree, which means that the people needed this holiday, but they did not think of setting it up in advance. After a couple of years, the government had to correct its mistakes.

According to the mentioned decree, it was established from now on and forever, Motorist Day in 2017, what date in Russia - the holiday is celebrated annually in last sunday October. If you look at this year, then it falls specifically on October 29, when you need to congratulate all those who were planned in advance.

Important! In 2000, Road Transport Workers' Day and Motorist's Day were separated. It was after the second day that the date of the last October Sunday was preserved. So, it is possible with a pure soul, conscience and heart on this day to congratulate all the people who drive a car, regardless of whether they need it in their profession or in their personal lives.

History of the automotive industry in Russia

Why is this holiday so loved in our country? We propose to make a short historical digression, when in 1896 in Novgorod, where the first All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition was held, Yakovlev and Frese presented their first car.

It was a wagon equipped with a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the power of the car, by today's standards, was ridiculous - two horsepower. But for that time it was a breakthrough and a lot. Interestingly, Nicholas II, who was then the Emperor of the Russian Empire, did not pay much attention to the invention. But this did not lead the inventors astray, and they continued to actively advertise their work and be proud of it. In the end, perseverance paid off.

In 1909, the Russian-Baltic plant, which was located in Riga, produced the first mass-produced car in the Russian Empire. The power of this car was already 24 horsepower and this car, of course, deserved the attention of both the leadership of the country and the whole world as a whole. The car turned out to be powerful, reliable and beautiful. The emperor bought two cars for his garage, the history of the automotive industry in the Russian Empire began with this car, and therefore in modern Russia.

After the revolution, the automotive industry became the leading branch of the Soviet economy. ZIL was made in Moscow, GAZ was made in Nizhny Novgorod. Moreover, they made both cars and trucks. Areas of the automotive industry at that time were actively created in the Urals, in the Volga region. Many factories did not assemble cars themselves, but they produced important components, trained workers and engineers, and repair workers.

Only in the middle of the century before last, the first carriages began to appear on the streets of large and rich cities, which moved without horses. Like any novelty, they caused only a smile of bewilderment in people. If then someone had been told that in 100 years no one would ride horses, but would ride this miracle of mechanical engineering, then they would laugh in your face.

By the beginning of the First World War, cars on the streets of cities had ceased to amaze people, then diesel fuel was invented, thanks to which cars and their use in Everyday life quickly spread throughout the world. By that time they had already developed high speeds, were equipped with an internal combustion engine, the wheels of the car could turn independently of each other.

About the exact date of the holiday

So, Motorist Day in 2017, what date is celebrated in Russia was established in 1996, and then confirmed in 2000. It should be noted that in our calendar there is a separate holiday - the Day of the military motorist, which falls strictly on May 29 every year. But just Motorist Day in Russia is celebrated on the last Sunday of October or October 29 specifically in 2017.

As for military drivers in the army, it is worth noting that they occupy a special position. Because the delivered goods have a strategic purpose, the transportation of personnel, the evacuation of the wounded is carried out. Without military motorists, not a single branch of the armed forces could normally carry out its activities.

Interesting! It is no coincidence that the day of the military motorist is celebrated on May 29th. The fact is that in 1910 on this day in St. Petersburg a decree was signed on the creation of the first automobile company in the empire. it educational institution prepared military personnel for various kinds of troops, but they carried precisely the automobile service. In honor of the holiday, do it.

There are two different dates, Motorist Day in 2017, what date is it in Russia and Military Motorist Day. The first holiday falls on the last Sunday of October, that is, this year the holiday will be October 29th. You can congratulate all motorists without exception, people who, for one reason or another, spend part of their lives behind the wheel. The day of the military motorist in the calendar has a strict date on May 29 and, as the name of the holiday implies, it is military motorists who are congratulated.