Why does vomiting occur in the second trimester. Vomiting of pregnant women: what signs should alert

Toxicosis usually appears in the early stages of pregnancy, but it can suddenly make itself felt in the 2nd trimester. Late toxicosis is dangerous for the health of mother and child. Let's talk about why you should be worried if you feel sick after eating in the second trimester, and what to do in this case.

During the period of expectation of the baby, many expectant mothers are faced with such a phenomenon as toxicosis. Nausea, malaise, dizziness, gagging - all these "charms" usually appear in the early stages of the "interesting position". This is considered quite normal: this is how the body reacts to changes in the hormonal background and to the formation of the placenta. Normally, this unpleasant condition disappears by about 16 weeks. The 2nd trimester is considered the calmest period in the entire pregnancy: the condition of the expectant mother improves, while waiting for a meeting with her baby, she can enjoy life. However, during pregnancy, it is difficult to predict anything: it also happens that the 2nd trimester has come, and the expectant mother is sick after eating, there is no strength for anything, urge to vomit regularly appears, and her head is spinning. Familiar situation? Then you are faced with late toxicosis.

Toxicosis in the 2nd trimester is dangerous, it can adversely affect the course of pregnancy. About the manifestations of toxicosis after 16 weeks, you should immediately inform your doctor.

Under the late toxicosis understand the regular reactions of the body. Rare cases of nausea and vomiting in the 2nd trimester can be caused by food, strong odors, etc.: after all, pregnant women are very sensitive to various factors throughout the entire period. To exclude such manifestations, it is necessary to give up salty and spicy foods, as well as smoked meats, and avoid overeating. Mild nausea can be "soothed" with mint tea.

If nausea and dizziness regularly appear in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the expectant mother often and severely vomits, swelling is visible, vision problems arise, then doctors make a diagnosis of preeclampsia. This is a real threat to the life of a pregnant woman, moreover, pathology can provoke an abortion. Preeclampsia has several stages, which are determined by how pronounced the symptoms are. At the first stage, the threat to mother and baby is minimal: if the symptoms are stopped, then in the future the pregnancy will proceed normally, there will be no pathology in the child due to preeclampsia. That is why it is so important to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, as a rule, toxicosis does not go away with time, as in the early stages, it is impossible to get rid of negative manifestations on your own. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of doctors in stationary conditions. After the symptoms disappear, the expectant mother is shown maintenance therapy, which excludes the appearance of toxicosis until the end of pregnancy.

Late toxicosis can occur for various reasons. The fair sex suffering from chronic diseases of the kidneys, heart, and lungs fall into the risk group. Preeclampsia can occur with obesity, anemia or Rhesus conflict. According to statistics, such a diagnosis is most often made to expectant mothers over the age of 30 years. The slightest ailments in the second trimester should alert you, especially if you are at risk. In no case do not neglect qualified help, because you are responsible not only for your life, but also for the life inside you.

The second trimester begins at week 13 and ends at week 28. Most women have symptoms of early toxicosis, they are no longer worried about nausea and vomiting, weakness, and their health improves. However, in some, signs of toxicosis persist longer, up to 13-20 weeks. If there are no symptoms of diseases, you should not worry, nausea will pass with time, but it is still worth informing your doctor about your condition. There are other reasons that cause nausea and vomiting.

Causes of nausea and vomiting

Unpleasant sensations may appear due to the fact that the size of the uterine body increases in a pregnant woman. It displaces the internal organs, which affects the process of digestion. The work of the stomach is already disturbed due to the changes that occur in the body of a woman. And if the uterus is still squeezing the exit from the gastric cavity, the movement of food is disturbed, it does not enter the intestine in time, it stagnates.

When a pregnant woman is about to lie down or bend over, vomiting may occur, because. the body is trying to get rid of the stagnant contents of the stomach.

After a while, the child begins to move. If he does this too actively, puts pressure on the liver or stomach, unpleasant symptoms may also appear. These are natural causes, which will help to cope with the right lifestyle, following the doctor's recommendations.

Nausea in a pregnant woman can be a sign of an exacerbation of a chronic disease, poisoning or overeating:

Poisoning

In addition to nausea and vomiting, diarrhea appears, a headache, a stomachache. In case of poisoning, you should immediately call an ambulance. Before the arrival of the doctor, take a sorbent: Polysorb, Enterosgel and try to make up for the loss of fluid: drink several sips of clean water every 15 minutes. Vomiting does not need to be stopped, it cleanses the stomach, reduces intoxication.

Binge eating

When early toxicosis passes, appetite returns to the pregnant woman. Pregnant women are often told to eat as much as they want. But there must still be some restrictions on food, otherwise extra pounds and all the health problems that accompany them will appear. If you still overate, you are tormented by nausea, take a Mezim tablet, and then take a walk on the street.

The disease may first appear during pregnancy, because. during this period, the woman's body is experiencing stress. If you already have this disease, it worsens during the bearing of the child.

Symptoms of gastritis are pain in the upper abdomen, heartburn, belching, heaviness and rumbling in the abdomen.

A gastroenterologist can confirm the diagnosis after examination. He will also prescribe treatment: mandatory diet and antisecretory drugs, antispasmodics, probiotics, antibiotics during this period are contraindicated.

Pregnancy softens peptic ulcers, many women go into remission, but in some the disease worsens, most often this happens in the first or third trimester. With a stomach ulcer, pain "under the spoon" torments, which appears 20-60 minutes after eating. With a duodenal ulcer, it hurts 2-3 hours after eating or at night. Worried about nausea, vomiting, belching, the stomach swells, the body loses weight. EGDS will help to make an accurate diagnosis. Ulcer treatment - diet, antacids, decoctions with enveloping properties, antispasmodics. Many drugs that are used to treat ulcers are contraindicated in pregnant women, because. they are dangerous for the child. It is necessary to take care in advance to prevent exacerbations: undergo a preventive course of treatment 2-3 weeks before childbirth, as well as in spring and autumn, when the disease usually worsens.

With inflammation of the pancreas, symptoms may appear: bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, pain in the upper abdomen or girdle pain, rapid weight loss. After the examination, treatment is prescribed: diet, enzyme preparations, antacids, choleretic drugs, probiotics and prebiotics.

Gallbladder diseases

During pregnancy, cholelithiasis can worsen, especially if a woman is carrying a large child or if multiple pregnancy. In 95% of cases, inflammation of the gallbladder or cholecystitis is diagnosed.

Most often, these diseases make themselves felt in the second or third trimester of pregnancy with the following symptoms: severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, cloudy, dark urine, discoloration of the feces, a bitter taste in the mouth, the sclera of the eyes and tongue become yellowish.

Perhaps the woman already had gallstone disease, but it was hidden. Once the diagnosis is made, the doctor may recommend choleretic agents to deal with bile stasis. In extreme cases, the gallbladder is removed. You should not take drugs that dissolve stones or crush them during pregnancy.

Appendicitis

About 3% of all patients with an attack of appendicitis are pregnant. Symptoms: slight pain in the upper abdomen, which gradually shifts to the right half of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, the pain intensifies if you lie on your right side. In pregnant women, all symptoms of appendicitis may be unexpressed. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo an examination in a hospital, if the test results do not give an unequivocal answer, she is assigned a laparoscopy, when a special tube with a camera is inserted into the abdominal cavity through a small hole. Treatment is removal of the appendix. After the operation, a special regimen is prescribed to prevent complications, the development of the fetus and placenta is constantly monitored, and it is important to conduct labor correctly, especially in the postoperative period.

myocardial infarction

In women of childbearing age, it is rare, but under adverse circumstances, symptoms of a heart attack appear, more often after 33 years. In addition to nausea, there is severe pain on the left side, dizziness, fainting, sticky sweat appears, it is difficult for a person to speak, coordination of movement is disturbed. When these symptoms appear, it is necessary to call an ambulance, lay the pregnant woman on a flat surface, provide her with complete rest, open windows, and get rid of tight clothing.

Right lifestyle

In the second trimester, nausea and vomiting may be disturbing, if early toxicosis has not yet ended. In order not to suffer from discomfort, eat often, up to 5-6 times a day, always have snacks, and refuse heavy meals. Prepare dried fruits, nuts, crackers in the evening, do not jump out of bed in the morning, but, after waking up, lie down for a while, without getting up, eat cooked foods. Try not to be nervous, relax more, walk on the street, avoid stuffy, smoky rooms, strong odors. In the second trimester, early toxicosis will pass, for someone a little earlier, for someone a little later.

If nausea occurs already in the second trimester, you need to figure out why it appeared. Tell your doctor about symptoms.

nausea due to natural causes will go away after childbirth. To get rid of it, healthy lifestyle life:

frequent, fractional good nutrition, you can not starve;
walk in the fresh air, air the room several times a day;
full sleep, rest, you can not overwork;
no sudden rises from the bed, get up smoothly, carefully, like lying down;
proper clothes from natural materials, not squeezing the stomach;
visit the antenatal clinic regularly and take tests.

After 20 weeks, in order to relieve the load on the internal organs, take a knee-elbow position 2 times a day, for this:

get on all fours;
lean on your elbows;
shoulders and head are lowered, the pelvis is above their level;
there should be no discomfort: dizziness, pain, discomfort, stay in this position for about 15 minutes.

The second trimester is the most pleasant time throughout pregnancy: many women have already passed early toxicosis, and the stomach is still not too big, it does not interfere with being active. If you are experiencing unpleasant symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, you should inform your doctor about this and undergo an examination. Gagging when bending over or when a woman wants to lie down is not dangerous.

Many women begin to feel their pregnancy from its first weeks. Some people notice a different reaction to smells, others complain about unusual taste preferences, and still others complain about very frequent mood swings. But all these signs fade at 4-5 weeks of gestation, when early toxicosis develops.

The most common manifestation of toxicosis during pregnancy is vomiting. It can be of varying severity: from slight nausea in the morning to repeated release of gastric contents, which can lead to dehydration. In addition, vomiting during pregnancy can not only manifest toxicosis: during this period, other, more dangerous diseases develop that are manifested by this symptom.

The mechanism of development of vomiting

In the brain there is a so-called vomiting center: an accumulation of numerous nerve nuclei that receive impulses from of cardio-vascular system, stomach, esophagus and intestines, as well as the limbic system - structures responsible for memory, emotions, sleep and wakefulness. The vomiting center is washed by the cerebrospinal fluid, into which chemicals from the blood penetrate, so vomiting (emetic syndrome) often accompanies various poisonings. It is affected by intracranial pressure, so an increase or decrease in the latter also causes vomiting.

The emetic syndrome is a protective reflex. It is necessary to cleanse the stomach of poisonous contents that have entered it and avoid intoxication of the body. Also, the syndrome is a signal for a person to find and eliminate the existing problem.

During the period of bearing a child, the emetic syndrome occurs due to the following reasons:

diseases of the stomach and intestines;
pathologies of the liver, pancreas and gallbladder;
excessive stress;
adrenal insufficiency;
food or chemical poisoning;
intracranial hypertension or, less commonly, hypotension;
heart disease (including myocardial infarction, for example, its painless form);
diseases of the vestibular apparatus;
diseases accompanied by intoxication: tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia.

But in early pregnancy, vomiting can be an almost "normal" phenomenon that occurs in response to an increase in the blood chorionic gonadotropin hormone. And the more of this hormone (for example, with), the more pronounced the emetic syndrome is.

Vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)

This is the name of the condition that begins from 4-5 weeks of gestation, becomes as strong as possible by 9 weeks and completely stops by 16-18 (in rare cases - 22) weeks. It reminds of itself every day during this period; usually accompanied by morning sickness and increased salivation. Increases with certain smells or visual pictures, as well as with the memory of smells or seen. It is not accompanied by any pain in the abdomen or frequent stools.

Please note: the presence of a positive home test and emetic syndrome does not yet give a reason to calm down and not go to the gynecologist. The same symptoms are manifested, and cystic drift (when instead of the fetus, its membranes develop, taking the form of bubbles). Moreover, vomiting with cystic skidding will be much more often, even without any external stimuli.

If hyperemesis gravidarum occurs on an empty stomach or recurs very frequently, bile may be present in the vomit. In other cases, this requires clarification of the diagnosis, since in this way more dangerous diseases can manifest themselves, for example, cholecystitis, diseases of the duodenum, intestinal obstruction.

Scarlet blood in the vomit or their brown coloration (if the pregnant woman did not consume chocolate, Hematogen, black pudding) is definitely a symptom of the disease that requires prompt diagnosis.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a "conditional" norm and does not require additional diagnosis during the first pregnancy and moderate manifestation. In cases where the syndrome is severe, or recurs from pregnancy to pregnancy, he speaks of:

the presence of diseases of the reproductive organs: recurrent course (these diseases do not always have pronounced manifestations);
chronic pathology of the digestive system, whether it is gastritis, cholecystitis, hepatitis or biliary dyskinesia;
poor diet or previous illness before pregnancy;
anemia or allergic diseases.

What is the danger?

Chorionic gonadotropic hormone, together with the cerebrospinal fluid, enters the vomiting center. There it causes excitation of a large number of nerve fibers at once, and this is accompanied by the appearance of nausea and vomiting. Excitation of the nerves is usually transmitted to areas of the autonomic nervous system, so often a woman also notices an increase in salivation.

With vomit, fluid is lost, which leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in the body. Electrolytes are chlorine (it is lost most of all), magnesium, sodium, potassium, which are necessary for the normal life of a woman and fetus. These ions carry a negative or positive charge, and when they are balanced in the blood, alkaline and acidic substances are in balance and all organs work properly. When electrolytes begin to be unevenly excreted, the pH of the blood changes - the whole body suffers.

With emetic gestational syndrome, large amounts of chlorine are lost. Chlorine is a negatively charged ion involved in the formation of acidic substances. When it is lost, the blood takes on an alkaline pH. This causes a headache, disruption of the heart. Loss of large amounts of chlorine with gastric juice can lead to impaired consciousness and convulsions. These are not the convulsions that are life-threatening in the second half of pregnancy and are called "eclampsia".

Due to constant vomiting, a woman stops eating or reduces the amount of food consumed. To satisfy the need for energy, the body first consumes glycogen, then energy begins to be extracted from the fats accumulated by the body. During the breakdown of fats, ketone (acetone) bodies are formed, which are toxic to the brain, causing drowsiness, further intensifying vomiting. In the severe stage, which is called indomitable vomiting of pregnant women, the liver, kidneys, and heart suffer, and this is reflected in the analyzes.

Severity of the condition

Since this syndrome, especially in combination with increased salivation, causes a violation of the water and electrolyte balance, the classification of vomiting of pregnant women is used to determine the tactics of treatment. It includes three levels of severity.

1 degree

It develops no more than 5 times a day. The woman is active, not drowsy, goes about her daily activities. Her heart rate is no faster than 80 per minute (or no higher than the pre-pregnancy baseline values), and her blood pressure is not reduced. She can lose 2-3 kg. In the analysis of urine, acetone bodies are not determined, the biochemical parameters of the blood are normal.

2 degree

Vomiting 6-10 times a day. A woman who is always active feels weakness, drowsiness. Her pulse is accelerated to 90-100 per minute (if the original was within 80). In urine, 1-2 pluses of acetone are determined. Everything is normal in the blood tests. Weight loss is more than 3 kg / 7-10 days.

3 degree

It is also called excessive (indomitable) vomiting. It develops up to 25 times a day, because of which a woman cannot eat at all. Due to the presence of acetone in the blood (it is determined in the urine as 3-4 plus), a woman cannot eat and drink, loses weight by 8 or more kg, and excretes little urine. Acetonemic syndrome also causes an increase in temperature to 37.2-37.6 and an increase in heart rate to 120 per minute and above. When severe dehydration sets in, temperature and pressure decrease, the woman is extremely drowsy, and her mind becomes confused.

In the analysis of urine, acetone, protein and cylinders are determined, which indicates damage to the kidneys. Increased bilirubin in the blood (indicates damage to the liver) and creatinine (additionally confirms the suffering of the kidneys). If bilirubin is significantly elevated (the norm is 20 µmol / l), yellowing of the proteins of the eyes and skin becomes noticeable. Due to liver damage, bleeding increases and bleeding from the vagina can be observed. Often, streaks of blood are also found in vomit, in which case it is necessary to exclude ruptures of the esophagus that occurred as a result of such repeated vomiting.

All the manifestations described above relate to vomiting of pregnant women. If nausea is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, fever, headache, you should consult a doctor.

Other causes of vomiting during pregnancy

Consider diseases that can cause vomiting in a pregnant woman. In order to more accurately determine the possible cause of our condition, we group the diseases according to the symptoms that complement the emetic syndrome.

So, vomiting of bile during pregnancy can be with:

intestinal obstruction, which is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, bloating, constipation;
exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis (in this case, there is pain in the right hypochondrium, fever);
biliary dyskinesia (it is also characterized by pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting occurs more often in the morning);
tumors, mainly localized in the duodenum;
exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis (this is characterized by pain in upper divisions abdomen, loose stools).

If there is a combination of dizziness and vomiting, this often indicates:

Pathologies of the vestibular apparatus (Ménière's disease, inflammation of the inner ear). Additional symptoms include hearing loss, nystagmus (twitching of the eyeballs), ringing in the ears. Only with inflammation of the structures of the inner ear are there an increase in body temperature and, sometimes, discharge from the ear; with Meniere's disease, there are no such symptoms.
when substances from the decay of fetal tissues are absorbed into the blood. In combination with cough and fever, symptoms may indicate the development of pneumonia. And if it is constant vomiting (3 degrees), dizziness is due to dehydration.

When vomiting with blood is noted, this may indicate gastritis or gastroenteritis, ulcers and stomach cancer, Mallory-Weiss syndrome. If the vomit contains dark red blood, this may be a sign of bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach or esophagus, which develops due to cirrhosis of the liver.

With a combination of vomiting and diarrhea, one speaks of food poisoning, intestinal infection (salmonellosis, escherichiosis and others), pancreatitis, thyrotoxicosis. Sometimes this is how atypical forms of pneumonia manifest themselves.

Vomiting in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

The second trimester is 13-26 weeks. Vomiting before 22 weeks of gestation may be observed as a reaction to the fetus (although from 18 to 22 weeks, other causes of the symptom should be additionally excluded).

From 22 weeks, the causes can be the diseases described above, as well as conditions that are characteristic only for pregnancy:

Late preeclampsia, which is manifested by edema (sometimes it is noticeable only by weight gain), increased pressure, the appearance of protein in the urine, and sometimes diarrhea. If gestosis is accompanied by an emetic syndrome, this indicates a deterioration in its course with the possible development of eclampsia. Recommendations here are only inpatient treatment with possible early delivery.
Intrauterine death of the fetus, which is manifested by the cessation of its movements, heaviness in the lower abdomen, increased heart rate.

Unlike, which "spreads" immediately for 2 trimesters and is considered a variant of the individual reaction of the woman's body to the fetal egg, vomiting in the third trimester is definitely a sign of the disease. The condition requires mandatory hospitalization and clarification of the causes that cause it.

The main causes of vomiting from week 26 until the end of pregnancy are poisoning, pneumonia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system, surgical diseases of the abdomen, and fetal death. Separately, Sheehan's syndrome or acute fatty degeneration of the liver should be mentioned. It begins at 30 weeks and affects mainly primigravida. Manifested by lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, edema, tachycardia.

Given the variety of etiological factors, the doctor should say what to do with vomiting in pregnant women based on the results of the examination.

Therapy

Treatment of vomiting of pregnant women, which develops in the 1st trimester, depends on the severity of the condition.

So, degree 1 usually does not require medical treatment, it passes under the influence of regimen measures: frequent and fractional meals, the exclusion of fatty and high-calorie dishes. Rarely, hyperemesis gravidarum progresses to the next stage.

In the first degree, mainly folk remedies are used:

drink a glass of not very cold water on an empty stomach;
drinking during the day a decoction of lemon balm, rose hips;
drinking tea in which a piece of ginger root is rubbed;
chewing cumin seeds;
alkaline water ("Borjomi"), from which gas is released;
the use of various nuts, dried fruits, small pieces of citrus fruits. It is worth starting the first, morning meal with nuts;
rinsing the mouth with a decoction of chamomile;
the use of foods rich in pyridoxine: avocados, eggs, chicken meat, beans, fish.

If vomiting of pregnant women has a severity of 2, medications are already used for treatment. These are antiemetics (Sturgeon, Metoclopramide), folic acid, vitamin pyridoxine, sorbents (Polysorb, White Coal), drugs that improve liver function (Hofitol). Meals are very frequent and in small portions.

At grade 3, hospitalization is required. Nutrition through the mouth is completely excluded: all nutrients are injected into the vein until the acetonemic state is relieved. Also, antiemetics are injected into the vein, and vitamin B6 is administered intramuscularly.

We remind you once again: the emetic syndrome that arose after the 22nd week, and especially in the third trimester, is an indication for immediate hospitalization. Self-medication is not allowed here.

Why does expectant mothers vomit and how can they alleviate their suffering? Is nausea and vomiting always normal during pregnancy, or can these symptoms be dangerous?

Toxicosis during pregnancy

All women, even those who have not yet given birth, know the medical term "toxicosis". Almost all pregnant women, to one degree or another, were subject to this pathological condition, which took place immediately after childbirth and without any treatment. There are early and late toxicosis, which has different causes and degrees of complications.

Note! The main symptom of toxicosis is vomiting. This is a common symptom, but it does not mean that if a woman does not have morning sickness, then her pregnancy is somehow wrong. We are all individual and each woman's body is rebuilt to carry the fetus in different ways. Vomiting on later dates pregnancy is different from the one that happens in the early stages.

Causes of toxicosis

Consider what happens in the female body after conception. The main task is to preserve the pregnancy, since the fetus is half made up of unfamiliar chromosomes and the body will try to expel it.

To prevent abortion in the female ovaries, the hormone progesterone begins to be produced, which acts on the uterus in a relaxing way. It is progesterone that is responsible for vomiting during pregnancy, as this hormone causes toxicosis.

In addition to progesterone, prolactin and human chorionic gonadotropin can cause nausea. If hormonal changes after fertilization occur in all women, why is it more pronounced in some pregnant women?

Attention! If a woman has or had previously problems associated with the digestive system, then vomiting during pregnancy in the early stages is provided to her. Abnormal (low or high) acidity of the stomach, together with a changing hormonal background, will cause not only nausea, but also severe vomiting.

In addition to hormonal components, the causes of morning sickness can be the following:

Heredity - almost always the daughter will inherit a difficult pregnancy if her mother also had severe toxicosis.
State of the immune and endocrine systems.
Psycho-emotional overstrain - the nervous system, not only during pregnancy, but also in other critical conditions of the body, can malfunction with the help of vomiting.
Changed sensitivity to smells - all feelings are aggravated and nothing can be done about it, all that remains is to endure.

It should be noted that if a woman has an existing pregnancy without serious pathologies, it is difficult to reliably determine the causes of her toxicosis. Most often, one can only speculate why, but the true reasons can be found out very rarely.

Important! Heartburn, diarrhea and vomiting during pregnancy do not depend on the sex of the child the woman is carrying. There are various popular beliefs about these symptoms, but it has been scientifically proven that toxicosis does not affect whether there will be a girl or a boy, or twins will be born.

Norm or pathology?

The first nausea appears at about 4-5 weeks after conception and usually lasts up to a week, but if there are twins, nausea and vomiting in the early stages can drag on up to 16 weeks.

In the first trimester, vomiting occurs only in the morning, when the stomach is hungry, but it may not be, but the woman will be sick all day. Doctors believe that nothing terrible happens if food is rejected up to five times during the day, but vomiting should not be accompanied by weakness, dizziness, weight loss.

weak - vomiting per day up to 5 times;
medium - up to 10 times;
high - over 10 times.

Attention! When the expectant mother vomits multiple times during the day, she must be observed in the hospital, since this is already a deviation from the normal state.

With frequent vomiting, weakness, apathy, high temperature, low blood pressure are observed. In such cases, the body is quite dehydrated, and weight loss can even reach 3 kg per week.

Also noted, but not as common. If the baby in the womb develops without deviations, then there is no danger in such manifestations. In the middle of pregnancy, there is nausea, but the female body, as it were, has already come to terms with the new situation and the vomiting gradually subsides.

Important! If unpleasant symptoms continue to torment, it can be assumed that a lot of acetone has accumulated in the body to fight the fetus. Its excess must be removed and this can only be done with the help of special medications, so you need to notify the doctor about ongoing problems.

Vomiting in the third trimester of pregnancy most often occurs from preeclampsia - late toxicosis due to oxygen deficiency. Nausea is accompanied by increased pressure, protein in the urine and severe swelling. The severity of preeclampsia is that convulsions, multiple organ failure, and a coma can occur. If preeclampsia is diagnosed, urgent hospitalization is required.

Attention! If nausea, vomiting first appeared in the second half of pregnancy, then this is always considered by doctors dangerous symptom, which indicates the pathology that has arisen.

It is impossible to exclude food poisoning in pregnant women, so if she complains of nausea, accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting, during pregnancy, problems with the digestive system should be looked for.

Treatment of nausea and vomiting

Any discomfort in expectant mothers requires a proper examination, therefore, at a scheduled examination, a woman is obliged to tell the gynecologist everything without concealment. Only a specialist should decide whether to go to the patient in the hospital or not. Particular attention is paid if vomiting occurs at the 38th week of pregnancy, as this can be not only late toxicosis, but also early childbirth.

Attention! Medicines for nausea for women in an interesting position do not exist. You can not self-medicate and drink pills without prescriptions. You can seriously harm the fetus.

All future mothers should think only about the good, and you can try to remove nausea with the help of a few rules:

Frequent walks alleviate the condition.
If there is no way to walk a lot, ventilate your home more often.
Nausea only happens on an empty stomach, so breakfast is a must.
After breakfast, you need to lie down, it’s great to have breakfast in bed.
You have to listen to your own body and eat whatever you want.
Avoid fried and fatty foods.
Let the food become fractional, but frequent.
Drink plenty of fluids unless advised by your doctor.
Always limit movement if nausea occurs.

Let's remember folk recipes. A good remedy for nausea in pregnant women is all sour and salty foods. Carry apples, lemon water, chamomile tea, dried fruit, and other foods like pickles and sauerkraut with you. It is important to understand that the urge to vomit will not accompany the entire pregnancy and will improve over time. More positive and be healthy!

But perhaps it is more correct to treat not the consequence, but the cause?

Vomiting of pregnant women: what signs should alert

The mechanism of development of vomiting

There is a so-called vomiting center in the brain: an accumulation of numerous nerve nuclei that receive impulses from the cardiovascular system, stomach, esophagus and intestines, as well as the limbic system - structures responsible for memory, emotions, sleep and wakefulness. The vomiting center is washed by the cerebrospinal fluid, into which chemicals from the blood penetrate, so vomiting (emetic syndrome) often accompanies various poisonings. It is affected by intracranial pressure, so an increase or decrease in the latter also causes vomiting.

During the period of bearing a child, the emetic syndrome occurs due to the following reasons:

diseases of the stomach and intestines;
pathologies of the liver, pancreas and gallbladder;
excessive stress;
adrenal insufficiency;
food or chemical poisoning;
intracranial hypertension or, less commonly, hypotension;
heart disease (including myocardial infarction, for example, its painless form);
diseases of the vestibular apparatus;
diseases accompanied by intoxication: tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia.

Vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)

This is the name of the condition, which begins from 4-5 weeks of gestation, becomes as strong as possible by 9 weeks and completely stops by (in rare cases - 22) weeks. It reminds of itself every day during this period; usually accompanied by morning sickness and increased salivation. Increases with certain smells or visual pictures, as well as with the memory of smells or seen. It is not accompanied by any pain in the abdomen or frequent stools.

Please note: the presence of a positive home test and emetic syndrome does not yet give a reason to calm down and not go to the gynecologist. The same symptoms are manifested by ectopic pregnancy, and cystic drift (when instead of the fetus, its membranes develop, taking the form of bubbles). Moreover, vomiting with cystic skidding will be much more often, even without any external stimuli.

Scarlet blood in the vomit or their brown coloration (if the pregnant woman did not consume chocolate, Hematogen, black pudding) is definitely a symptom of the disease that requires prompt diagnosis.

the presence of diseases of the reproductive organs: salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis of a recurrent course (these diseases do not always have pronounced manifestations);
chronic pathology of the digestive system, whether it is gastritis, cholecystitis, hepatitis or biliary dyskinesia;
poor diet or previous illness before pregnancy;
anemia or allergic diseases.

What is the danger?

Severity of the condition

Vomiting 6-10 times a day. A woman who is always active feels weakness, drowsiness. Her pulse is quickened for up to a minute (if the original was within 80). In urine, 1-2 pluses of acetone are determined. Everything is normal in the blood tests. Weight loss is more than 3 kg / 7-10 days.

All the manifestations described above relate to vomiting of pregnant women. If nausea is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, fever, headache, you should consult a doctor.

Other causes of vomiting during pregnancy

So, vomiting of bile during pregnancy can be with:

intestinal obstruction, which is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, bloating, constipation;
exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis (in this case, there is pain in the right hypochondrium, fever);
biliary dyskinesia (it is also characterized by pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting occurs more often in the morning);
tumors, mainly localized in the duodenum;
exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis (this is characterized by pain in the upper abdomen, loosening of the stool).

If there is a combination of dizziness and vomiting, this often indicates:

Pathologies of the vestibular apparatus (Ménière's disease, inflammation of the inner ear). Additional symptoms include hearing loss, nystagmus (twitching of the eyeballs), ringing in the ears. Only with inflammation of the structures of the inner ear are there an increase in body temperature and, sometimes, discharge from the ear; with Meniere's disease, there are no such symptoms.
Frozen pregnancy, when substances from the decay of fetal tissues are absorbed into the blood. In combination with cough and fever, symptoms may indicate the development of pneumonia. And if it is constant vomiting (3 degrees), dizziness is due to dehydration.

Vomiting in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

The second trimester is a week. Vomiting before 22 weeks of gestation may be observed as a reaction to the fetus (although from 18 to 22 weeks, other causes of the symptom should be additionally excluded).

From 22 weeks, the causes can be the diseases described above, as well as conditions that are characteristic only for pregnancy:

Late preeclampsia, which is manifested by edema (sometimes it is noticeable only by weight gain), increased pressure, the appearance of protein in the urine, and sometimes diarrhea. If gestosis is accompanied by an emetic syndrome, this indicates a deterioration in its course with the possible development of eclampsia. Recommendations here are only inpatient treatment with possible early delivery.
Intrauterine death of the fetus, which is manifested by the cessation of its movements, heaviness in the lower abdomen, increased heart rate.

Unlike toxicosis, which “spreads” immediately for 2 trimesters and is considered a variant of a woman’s individual reaction to a fetal egg, vomiting in the third trimester is definitely a sign of the disease. The condition requires mandatory hospitalization and clarification of the causes that cause it.

The main causes of vomiting from the 26th week until the end of pregnancy are gestosis, poisoning, pneumonia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system, surgical diseases of the abdomen, and fetal death. Separately, Sheehan's syndrome or acute fatty degeneration of the liver should be mentioned. It begins at 30 weeks and affects mainly primigravida. Manifested by lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, edema, tachycardia.

Given the variety of etiological factors, the doctor should say what to do with vomiting in pregnant women based on the results of the examination.

Therapy

Treatment of vomiting of pregnant women, which develops in the 1st trimester, depends on the severity of the condition.

In the first degree, mainly folk remedies are used:

drink a glass of not very cold water on an empty stomach;
drinking during the day a decoction of lemon balm, rose hips;
drinking tea in which a piece of ginger root is rubbed;
chewing cumin seeds;
alkaline water ("Borjomi"), from which gas is released;
the use of various nuts, dried fruits, small pieces of citrus fruits. It is worth starting the first, morning meal with nuts;
rinsing the mouth with a decoction of chamomile;
the use of foods rich in pyridoxine: avocados, eggs, chicken meat, beans, fish.

Vomiting in the second trimester of pregnancy

Vomiting is considered one of those unpleasant conditions that every woman experiences to varying degrees during pregnancy. And if during the first trimester vomiting, which occurs even up to five times during the day, does not pose a great danger to the body of a woman and her unborn baby, then at other times she requires close attention and consultation with a specialist. After all, vomiting in the second trimester of pregnancy can serve as a symptom of serious diseases that pose a direct threat to the life of the fetus and woman.

Causes of vomiting in the second trimester

Frequent vomiting, weight loss, dehydration and other symptoms are a serious reason to see a doctor. In some cases, hospital treatment may even be required under the constant supervision of the clinic staff, and this depends on the cause that provokes such a condition.

So, the causes of vomiting in the second trimester:

A sharp increase in acidity in the stomach. This condition occurs after a feast with exorbitant absorption of spicy, fatty and fried foods. In this case, the vomit has a bitter taste and a yellowish color.
Stressful situation and nervous tension. An attack of vomiting is characterized by a short duration and the occurrence in a certain situation.
Vomiting in the second trimester of pregnancy as a symptom of preeclampsia. Accompanied by other symptoms of late toxicosis, in need of urgent qualified assistance.
Vomiting as a consequence of exacerbation of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Poisoning and intestinal infections. In this case, in addition to vomiting, there is a disorder of the stool and an increase in body temperature. Urgent medical attention required.

What threatens vomiting during pregnancy (second trimester)?

Like any other person, frequent vomiting can threaten the expectant mother with dehydration. So the first thing to take care of is to drink plenty of water. At the same time, it is impossible to absorb in one gulp a large number of water. Drink often, but in small portions. If vomiting occurs immediately after drinking, reduce the volume of liquid, but at the same time shorten the period of use.

After that, immediately call an ambulance. In a hospital setting, you will be provided with proper treatment depending on the reasons that cause vomiting. Do not self-medicate. After all, even a banal mild poisoning requires a competent and gentle approach to treatment when it comes to the expectant mother and the baby she is carrying.

How to eat pregnant if vomiting does not stop after eating in the second trimester of pregnancy?

Vomiting in the second trimester of pregnancy is not a typical occurrence. If the alarming symptoms persist at the second stage, or weakness, swelling have been added to them, then you should consult a doctor. All this can cause the loss of a child, poses a threat to the health of the mother. It should be noted that toxicosis that has not passed by the middle of the second trimester is fraught with many dangers.

How to eat pregnant if vomiting does not stop?

In case of constant vomiting, only a doctor can help, as he will prescribe the necessary medications. At home, you should try to prevent its occurrence and properly organize the nutrition of a pregnant woman in the second trimester.

We exclude experiences and stresses, a woman should create for herself as comfortable conditions as possible. The same applies to the attitude of those around her.

If you are pursuing vomiting after eating, then you do not need to eat fatty, spicy, salty foods, as well as dishes whose smell is unpleasant. Sweet, floury dishes will also not be useful.

You need to eat mini-portions 5-6 times a day, you can not overload the stomach with a large amount of food. At the same time, skipping meals and leaving the stomach empty will be wrong.

When cooking by a pregnant woman, the room should be well ventilated, it will not be superfluous to open the window, turn on the hood.

Vomiting in the second trimester of pregnancy can be caused by frequent fluid intake, you need to drink only between meals, but not during. Moreover, about 8 glasses of liquid should be drunk per day, more of it can lead to edema.

You do not need to lie down immediately after eating, a pregnant woman can just sit a little, but it is not recommended to immediately take a horizontal position. It is also important to wear comfortable clothes that do not press anywhere, made of material that is pleasant to the body. More often to be in the fresh air, to walk and walk more, but in no case provoke vomiting by traveling in public transport or in a private car.

Make a list of foods that will help you avoid nausea and vomiting. This is purely individual, but lemon, ginger (added to tea or food), herbal teas with a sedative effect, mints, etc. traditionally help.

The nutrition of a pregnant woman in the second trimester should be as varied as possible, at the same time. More carbohydrates will be received by the body from vegetables, fruits, it is also necessary to eat boiled meat (once every two days). You need to know that constant vomiting cannot be ignored, and if these simple tips do not help, then you will not be able to avoid a visit to the doctor.

Too much or too little stomach acid
Heredity

Often these problems are detected even before pregnancy. It is quite difficult to cure them, but you can try to influence. For example, if you know that you have a weak immune system, when toxicosis appears around 3 weeks, you can slightly weaken it by taking vitamins and helping the immune system. Then the nausea will be a little weaker than it could be. And digestive problems can generally be treated in advance, and you will feel sick during pregnancy many times less.

Manifestation

Nausea during pregnancy should start around week 3, back in the first trimester. It doesn't always happen this way - don't worry. Although it should pass at 3 months (12 weeks), sometimes in the second trimester, nausea only begins. Everyone is different, so don't worry.

However, nausea in the second trimester of pregnancy is a sign of trouble. At this time, there is no particular reason for the onset of toxicosis, so if you feel the urge to vomit, see a doctor. Around the 3rd trimester, nausea returns, this should not come as a surprise to you.

The most severe manifestations of toxicosis occur in the morning, when getting out of bed. Anything can cause them: strange and pungent odors, unexpected movements, certain foods. In general, anything, even sounds. There are women who told how they felt sick during pregnancy from the voice of their own husband. And nothing, managed somehow.

At the same time, in the morning, nausea should pass quite quickly - in 15-20 minutes. It ends either by itself or by vomiting. Here's how lucky. And if in the 1st trimester it will still be quite difficult for you to adapt, by the 3rd you will already remember how it will be easier to remove the urge to vomit.

Believe me, almost all women during pregnancy know how to lie down, what to eat and where to turn in order to get rid of another attack of toxicosis in the 3rd trimester. All this comes with time and experience. For example, to reduce nausea during pregnancy, try different positions on the couch or chair. This is especially important in the evening when nausea interferes with sleep. But in the 3rd trimester you need a lot of strength and a lot of rest.

Many doctors are convinced that nausea is even useful for the expectant mother:

Toxicosis warns the mother which foods and smells are good for the child and which are now undesirable. And although sometimes it seems that the choice of the body is a little strange, he knows better.
It has been scientifically proven that nausea in the third trimester of pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm labor.
The longer the attack of toxicosis passes, the lower the risk of developing breast cancer.

Of course, do not forget about the cons. For example, along with breakfast, useful substances leave the body, so much necessary for the fetus during pregnancy. Especially in the 3rd trimester, when energy is very important, and you suddenly start to feel sick again during pregnancy.

Reason to worry

Nausea in and of itself is not a problem. This happens to everyone during pregnancy, do not worry. However, if it is accompanied by other strange symptoms, you should tell your doctor about it.

If the nausea suddenly disappeared completely, you may have had a miscarriage. Most likely, the child has stopped developing, pregnancy hormones have ceased to be produced and affect your body. So the nausea stopped. You should especially think about it if even 10 weeks have not passed yet - you should feel sick during pregnancy literally with a vengeance.

If nausea is accompanied by dizziness or strange discharge from the genitals, including bloody, may have occurred ectopic pregnancy. In this case, it's too late to save the baby, you need to save yourself.

If you felt sick during pregnancy during high temperature, sometimes even with diarrhea, most likely you caught an infection. This is not terrible for you or for the child, but it is better to cure it quickly so that there are no consequences.

If you notice that you vomit with blood, you probably have stomach problems. Here you can not delay, contact the doctor as soon as possible to establish and cure the disease. Most likely, it is not very dangerous, but because of this, the child may not have enough energy for development, it may not receive all the vitamins and minerals necessary for normal life.

How to fight?

If the nausea is absolutely unbearable, the doctor will definitely prescribe you a medicine. However, taking any pills is undesirable during pregnancy, especially in the 3rd trimester. Many mothers are afraid to drink them, so it will be better if you try to deal with toxicosis in other ways.

Nausea is much worse on an empty stomach. If you want to reduce it - eat. Eat something light, like cookies.
In the morning it is better to have breakfast while lying in bed. So your morning sickness will be much less.
To make nausea during pregnancy weaker, eat more often, but in small portions.
Make a diet for yourself: avoid everything fatty, spicy, very salty, smoked and harmful during pregnancy. Too cold and hot dishes are also not for you.
Walk more in the fresh air, open windows and ventilate the premises. But try not to sit in a draft: open the window for the duration of the walk.
Don't make sudden movements. While charging, perform each exercise carefully and slowly.
Provide for yourself psychological comfort, lack of stress. Sleep at least 8 hours a day, and be sure to go to rest during the day for an hour.
Sour and salty foods are good for nausea during pregnancy. These include apples, tea with lemon, pomegranates, pickles, sauerkraut, ginger.

Watch your well-being: nausea will become weaker if everything is in order with your body.

Second trimester of pregnancy

With the onset of the second trimester of pregnancy, almost the “golden time” for the expectant mother begins: toxicosis, most likely, is already in the past, the tummy is somewhat rounded, but not yet enough to add clumsiness and difficulties to the woman. The second trimester of pregnancy, starting from the 13th week, becomes the most fertile period for the expectant mother: now you can walk in the fresh air, visit the pool or yoga classes, enjoy theatrical performances and read books without suffering from headaches and constant feeling of nausea.

With each week, pregnancy becomes noticeable to others: the figure of a woman is rounded, her breasts increase. Experts advise to slowly think about a bandage, which is recommended to start wearing from about the 20th week of pregnancy in order to avoid stretch marks and to eliminate the threat of abortion. At the same time, you can slowly begin to prepare the breast for feeding, rubbing the mammary glands daily terry towel and taking air baths.

In the second trimester of pregnancy, one of the main periods of the intrauterine life of a baby also falls: by the 16th week, the laying is completed internal organs baby and the formation of the placenta. So, from now on, the function of supplying oxygen and nutrients, as well as the responsibility to protect the child from the influence of many harmful substances and the penetration of infections, falls on the placenta.

Nausea in the second trimester of pregnancy

As a rule, nausea in the second trimester of pregnancy no longer bothers a woman - toxicosis with all the accompanying "charms" becomes an unpleasant memory of early pregnancy. By the second trimester, most pregnant women notice that nausea has disappeared, and an increased appetite has replaced it.

But, at the same time, do not forget that the body of each person is unique, and each woman “endures” pregnancy in different ways. Therefore, it is not surprising that some mothers, even with the onset of the second trimester of pregnancy, may complain of nausea, which usually occurs in the morning, immediately after waking up, or as a reaction to annoying unpleasant odors.

The usual methods of “fighting” this unpleasant phenomenon are used: you can cope with morning sickness by drinking water with lemon or tea immediately after waking up and snacking on cookies or crackers without even getting out of bed. Still, you should “look for” the most optimal foods, avoiding fatty foods. It is advisable to exclude all smells that provoke attacks of nausea - a sharp perfume, the aroma of pasties or fried onions (which of the women is “weak” for what).

In the case of debilitating nausea with constant regular bouts of vomiting, it is still worth consulting a doctor: this situation is considered a pathology and can be dangerous.

Discharge in the second trimester of pregnancy

If in the early stages, vaginal discharge does not change dramatically either qualitatively or quantitatively, then the second trimester of pregnancy is usually distinguished by some increase in discharge. At the same time, the discharge in the second trimester of pregnancy acquires a somewhat whitish milky color, and is distinguished by their unexpressed somewhat sour smell.

An increase in the intensity of discharge is a consequence of hormonal changes in the body, and one should be prepared for the fact that as the duration of pregnancy increases, the amount of discharge will also increase. If the discharge is not accompanied by itching and / or burning sensation and does not change color, you should not be alarmed. But you should be wary if:

curdled or thick white discharge appears in the second trimester of pregnancy, causing discomfort in the form of itching or burning. Most likely, you will have to deal with thrush, which must be treated in order to avoid transmission of infection to the baby;
bloody discharge appears. Perhaps they are provoked by erosion of the cervix, in addition, such discharge may signal a threat of miscarriage or premature birth (depending on the period);
the discharge changes color, acquiring a greenish, yellow tint, or is distinguished by “foaminess”. Probably, we will talk about the accession of the infection;
the discharge is transparent and has an unpleasant odor. The risk of developing bacterial vaginosis is great;
the discharge is plentiful, while transparent and does not have a pronounced unpleasant odor. Perhaps this indicates irritation from some kind of influence (for example, as a reaction to panty liners, and then the situation can be changed by eliminating the irritant). Or is there a leak amniotic fluid(You can set it using a test-indicator sold in a pharmacy, or during an examination).

Pain in the second trimester of pregnancy

The most common complaints of this period regarding pain are pain in the lower back and pelvic region. Doctors explain such pains in the second trimester of pregnancy by a gradual increase in the uterus and, accordingly, an increase in the size of the abdomen.

But there should not be any pain in the abdomen. Therefore, if there are pulling pains in the abdomen, and even “reinforced” pains in the sacrum or hips, and even more so, in the presence of spotting, you should immediately consult a doctor - the risk of miscarriage is too high.

A very unpleasant phenomenon in the second trimester of pregnancy can be heartburn - as a result of squeezing the stomach by a growing uterus, and therefore the normal function of digestion is disturbed.

Again, due to an increase in the uterus in size and compression of the abdominal organs, constipation may develop. It is important to adhere to a proper diet and increase the amount of fiber in the diet; prunes, dried apricots and baked apples will also help to cope with constipation. Constipation must be avoided because permanent constipation and not far from hemorrhoids, and this is much more serious and “painful” than just the inability to go to the toilet “by and large”.

Perhaps in the second trimester of pregnancy, the appearance of convulsions - painful involuntary muscle contractions in the calves and feet. This symptom may indicate a violation of mineral metabolism in the body and be caused by congestion in the legs. It is important to lead an active lifestyle, doing gymnastics for the joints and visiting the pool, do foot massage and pay attention to the quality of nutrition. So, calcium, magnesium and vitamin E should be present in the diet in sufficient quantities.

Colds in the second trimester of pregnancy

In the second trimester, as well as throughout pregnancy, a woman is still vulnerable to all sorts of colds. But, fortunately, a cold in the second trimester of pregnancy no longer poses such a danger as in the early stages of bearing a baby. And, nevertheless, it is necessary to treat colds, and, moreover, always with the intervention of a doctor - most of the medications are still banned, and a cold, albeit not on such a “scale”, can still cause great trouble.

So, at this stage, a cold can provoke the development of fetoplacental insufficiency, and due to violations of the functions of the placenta, there is a high risk of fetal hypoxia, fetal growth retardation. In addition, a cold in the second trimester of pregnancy can negatively affect the nervous system of the fetus, because right now it is actively developing.

If a woman catches a cold at the 14th week of pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage remains, in addition, endocrine system disturbances are possible (its formation is now being completed). In the week of pregnancy, a cold can affect the formation of the baby's bone tissue - the active strengthening of the bones of the fetus lasts until the 18th week. A cold during the weeks of pregnancy is dangerous for a girl growing in the womb of her mother: during this period, the formation of eggs of babies occurs, and viruses can have an extremely adverse effect on their number and functioning.

In connection with all of the above, the treatment of a cold in the second trimester of pregnancy should not be neglected. The treatment regimen should be discussed with the doctor, in any case, the woman is shown bed rest, drinking plenty of water, gargling with herbal decoctions with the addition of soda, and rinsing the nose with saline.

Temperature in the second trimester of pregnancy

But not always, unfortunately, colds are expressed only by mild ailments, in many cases, they are associated with a significant increase in temperature. It is believed that a significantly elevated temperature in the second trimester of pregnancy does not have a negative effect on the fetus - to a certain extent, negative effects are removed by the placental barrier, and the placenta also becomes an obstacle to the penetration of viruses and infections to the child. But, at the same time, it is necessary to be treated, and necessarily - following the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor.

It should be remembered that in no case should Aspirin, Analgin, Nurofen be used to lower the temperature. Only drugs based on paracetamol are acceptable as an antipyretic, and then only after consultation with a specialist. At the same time, if the temperature does not exceed 37.8-38 degrees, it is advisable to cope with the temperature syndrome with the help of folk remedies - using a decoction of lime blossom, tea with honey and raspberries, making cold compresses.

Pregnancy is an amazing and challenging time in a woman's life. Sometimes this time is overshadowed by the poor health of the expectant mother. Nausea during pregnancy is a frequent companion. Sudden mood changes, loss of appetite, general malaise of the body are felt by expectant mothers in the first trimester of pregnancy. To cope with nausea and easily survive toxicosis, there are some tips.

When does toxicosis begin and pass during pregnancy

Nausea in the morning is the first sign of pregnancy. It can be morning or evening. Usually begins at week 5-6, continues until week 12 - this is early toxicosis. Each case is individual. Morning sickness does not harm either the mother or the baby. Feeling unwell in the evening. Many doctors say that morning sickness is a good sign. This means that the placenta is developing well.

Three degrees of toxicosis:

More than half of women feel sick during pregnancy. The first trimester is often accompanied by toxicosis, it is called early. During the second pregnancy, the symptoms of toxicosis may be absent.

Causes of nausea in early pregnancy

The exact cause of early nausea in pregnant women in the first months of the term is unknown. May occur if there is:

The hCG hormone increases rapidly in early pregnancy, there are no periods. These are the first signs of pregnancy.
Increased sensitivity to tastes and smells.
Low blood sugar.
Excessive fatigue.
Toxicosis and vomiting during pregnancy may be a response to stress.
reaction to certain foods.
Traveling by car can make you feel nauseous.

Doctors believe that conception starts the process of a cardinal change in the physical condition of a woman, the hormonal background changes. Psychologists have an opinion that the expectant mother is worried about many fears associated with the course of pregnancy and childbirth. You can help yourself cope with malaise, you can relieve vomiting by freeing yourself from them. The central nervous system of the body is the main mechanism that triggers toxicosis. Get rid of negative thoughts, and your bad health will stop tormenting you.

First aid for nausea and vomiting

At what stage of pregnancy do you feel sick most often? Nausea is a natural occurrence in the first three months of pregnancy. To eliminate the symptoms of malaise, try folk remedies that have been proven over the years.

What to take for nausea:

Constantly rinse the mouth with infusion of chamomile flowers, oak bark, sage. Rinse reduces salivation, creates an astringent effect. Carry out the procedure three times a day.
Prepare a decoction of dried fruits, without sugar. Drinking helps with nausea, helps stop vomiting.
When vomiting, use fresh red rowan berries.
Mint and lemon. Steam a slice of lemon and 2-3 mint leaves with water, the drink will help to cope with a feeling of malaise. Take mints for a walk to keep you from feeling sick.
Motherwort, Valerian officinalis. Herbs will calm the nervous system, relieve stomach cramps, help with vomiting so that it passes.
Try taking ginger tea. This is a salvation for expectant mothers from feelings of nausea. Ginger has a number of positive effects on the human body, including digestion.

Use medications, droppers, tablets in a very necessary case. Medicines are prescribed individually by the attending physician. Strictly follow the recommendations and instructions for medications. Beware of frequent vomiting in the second and third trimesters. This indicates illness, poisoning. If toxicosis with vomiting lasts more than 24 hours, you need to seek medical help. There is a risk of dehydration, the baby may appear earlier due date. To reduce the risk, it is necessary to treat such toxicosis permanently.

A balanced diet during the period of toxicosis

How to escape from toxicosis, what to drink? When morning vomiting occurs, food causes an unpleasant sensation. The stomach feels uncomfortable. Try to overcome the aversion to food, eat foods that are "pulling". Replenishing the body with essential nutrients is extremely important for you and your baby.

Most women feel better if they eat small meals frequently. Crackers or crackers will help to kill hunger. Try not to eat fatty and spicy foods, stick to a healthy diet. If you want to eat, do it even at night. Choose easily digestible foods high in protein and carbohydrates.

Include in the menu healthy food and healthy foods:

dietary meat - turkey, rabbit meat, chicken;
fermented milk products - fermented baked milk, low-fat kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese;
fresh vegetables - broccoli, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes, celery;
fruits - bananas, apples, pomegranates;
cereal cereals;
some kind of freshly squeezed juices.

Drink a glass of water in the morning. Drink your daily fluid intake throughout the day. In early pregnancy, herbal teas with mint, chamomile, cranberry juice, homemade lemonade, beetroot juice are useful. It is not recommended to drink grapefruit, orange drinks. They should be removed from the menu.

With toxicosis, do not eat sweet fruits on an empty stomach. They are full of simple sugars, are easily absorbed, and quickly raise blood sugar levels, leading to reactive hypoglycemia due to excessive production of insulin. Eating sweet fruits as a dessert after a meal is much healthier.

Eat what you like, try to make a menu of healthy, wholesome food. You feed your body and the growing baby inside you.

How to get rid of nausea?

These methods will help to fight early toxicosis in the first trimester of pregnancy, reduce the feeling of nausea. Methods are not universal, since each organism is individual. You can choose the remedy for nausea that suits you.

Practice yoga and meditation in your daily life. Positive thoughts, proper breathing contribute to the improvement of well-being and mood. A visit to the pool has a beneficial effect on the health of the expectant mother and child. Muscles relax in the water, the back rests. Useful in the last weeks of pregnancy.

Remember that the feeling of nausea will soon pass, the main thing is a positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle.

When to See a Doctor for Nausea

Feeling sick during pregnancy is common. You can fight at home. What vomiting should alert? The list of signs that require immediate hospitalization and treatment under medical supervision:

You are experiencing excessive nausea and vomiting (all day).
Lost more than 2 kg due to nausea and vomiting.
Frequent vomiting is accompanied by fever, it is not possible to bring down the temperature.
Brown vomiting occurs, traces of blood begin to appear.
Rapid heartbeat at night.
You feel very unwell.
Vomiting persists in the later stages (at the end of the second and third trimester).
At 9 months there are frequent vomiting.

Take care of yourself. Pay close attention to changes in how you feel. Lead the right lifestyle so that the entire period of pregnancy passes without nausea and without vomiting. Being pregnant and expecting a baby is a real happiness that only a woman can experience!

Everyone has experienced diarrhea. An unpleasant symptom can occur for various reasons. Stressful situations, malnutrition, inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract are the causes liquid stool.

At conception, immunity decreases, this is necessary for the preservation and bearing of the baby. For a woman during pregnancy, intense diarrhea poses a threat to the fetus. Therefore, it is important for the expectant mother to know how to act with diarrhea, which helps to cope with the symptom, what drugs to take, and when to seek medical help.

Causes of diarrhea during pregnancy

Diarrhea - frequent bowel movements, more than 2 times a day, accompanied by discomfort, cramps in the abdomen. The feces are watery. Diarrhea can be painless, but usually with an upset stomach, the patient feels nausea, vomiting, weakness, feeling unwell, and high fever.

Causes of loose stools in pregnant women:

At the beginning of the term, you should be attentive to health. A successful pregnancy is the key normal development fetus.

diarrhea symptoms

Depending on the severity of diarrhea, one speaks of possible harm for health, complications. If diarrhea occurs due to malnutrition, then the symptom is painless, passes quickly without special treatment. An upset stomach of an infectious nature requires careful attention, surgical therapy. Chronic diarrhea lasting a month indicates serious gastrointestinal disorders.

Diarrhea during pregnancy is marked by symptoms:

Frequent loose stools;
Belly twists;
Watery stools;
Lack of appetite;
Discomfort in the abdomen after eating in the form of heartburn, nausea;
Cramps, pain in the stomach;
Aching, sharp, prolonged pain in the abdominal region;
Weakness;
Drowsiness, apathy;
There is an increase in body temperature;
A sign of dizziness, darkening in the eyes when changing body position.

With diarrhea, a woman should monitor her well-being. If the condition worsens, if it pulls, the stomach hurts, loose stools with water are observed, the baby in the stomach behaves restlessly (calmed down) - immediately contact an ambulance. Self-medication during pregnancy is fraught with consequences for the health of the expectant mother and child. Talk to your doctor before using any medications to relieve symptoms.

How diarrhea can harm a pregnant woman

Severe diarrhea is dangerous for the body of a woman and a child due to dehydration. In addition, diarrhea during pregnancy:

If a woman notices a strong thirst, dryness skin, weakness, fainting, a decrease in the number of urination, you should immediately call an ambulance. These signs may indicate dehydration.

How to treat diarrhea

If the diarrhea does not stop, then it is necessary to establish the cause and choose a treatment. Only the attending physician has the right to prescribe a medicine.

Drug therapy of pregnant women should be under the supervision of a physician. Many drugs are contraindicated due to pregnancy, especially in the first weeks. If possible, treatment is carried out by prescribing a dietary menu, folk methods are used. Traditional medicine should be taken no less seriously. Medicinal herbs are not all suitable for pregnant women. Starting from the 35th, 36th week of pregnancy, some medicinal plants can cause contractions and premature birth.

Antibiotics are prescribed, as a last resort, if the disease is without serious treatment will bring more harm to the mother, the child. The method of treatment is determined by the doctor. During the recovery period of the body, it is necessary to constantly be observed by a gynecologist.

Depending on how long a woman has, the optimal treatment is selected.

Medicines for diarrhea during pregnancy

Adsorbent drugs will help remove toxic compounds from the body. During pregnancy, Enterosgel, Polyphepan, Activated carbon(in purified form White coal). Sorbents are not recommended to be used simultaneously with other medicines. The time interval must be respected.

If there is a risk of dehydration, you can take rehydration solutions: Regidron, Trisol. They restore the water-salt balance, promote fluid retention from the body.

Papaverine, No-shpu are used to relieve stomach cramps. As a sedative - valerian, motherwort. Acceptance of these funds only with the permission of a doctor.

To restore the microflora of the stomach, probiotics are prescribed - Linex-Forte, Bifidumbacterin, Biogaya.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, the doctor may prescribe Imodium, Enterobene, Loperamide for diarrhea.

Intestinal infections in pregnant women are allowed to be treated with an antimicrobial drug - Nifuroxazide. If necessary, other tablets may be prescribed at the discretion of the doctor.

Remember! If diarrhea is caused by intestinal infections, food poisoning should not stop loose stools, drink astringents. The body must be cleansed of pathogenic microorganisms, toxins.

Folk methods of treatment

Alternative methods are safe for treating diarrhea during pregnancy. But you should be careful about the choice of herbs, decoctions, tinctures.

Recipes for diarrhea:

Starch. You can make jelly with the addition of a tablespoon of starch or potato broth. For a decoction, take three medium potatoes, peel, boil. Cool the broth. Take 200 ml in the morning, afternoon, evening. Starch strengthens the stool, helps stop diarrhea, normalizes digestion, and has a beneficial effect on the stomach.
Garnet. The peel of the pomegranate copes with the symptoms of diarrhea. Grind dry peel, pour a glass of boiling water, put on fire. Do 20 minutes. Cool, filter. To get rid of diarrhea, you need to drink a tablespoon of decoction before eating.
Rice porrige. Rice has an astringent effect. Make rice porridge with water for breakfast. Eat within 3-5 days. After the symptom should pass.
If the cause of diarrhea is stress, it is recommended to drink herbal tea with peppermint leaves. Medicinal plants may well cope with anxiety.
Ginger tea. Ginger root is recommended for women to strengthen the immune system, improve digestion. Ginger tea is great for treating nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

On a note. At week 39 or 40 (last month), diarrhea is a physiological process, a quick harbinger of childbirth. This is a natural phenomenon, the body is cleansed before childbirth, the stomach should not hurt. In the first weeks of pregnancy, toxicosis is most often the cause.

Be careful when treating diarrhea during pregnancy. Consider the term, individual intolerance to food additives, medicines. Strictly follow the doctor's prescription, the dosage of the drug. Watch for changes in the body during therapy with medicines, folk remedies.

It is recommended to eat foods that help strengthen the stool. If food is the cause of loose stools, adjust the menu. Pregnant women are advised to eat different foods to replenish the body with vitamins and minerals.

As a prevention of indigestion, it is advised to observe personal hygiene, eliminate stomach problems before planning a child, and exclude contact with sick people during pregnancy. An active lifestyle, proper nutrition, walks in the fresh air will help make pregnancy a pleasant period in your life.

Vomiting bile during pregnancy is an unpleasant process during the period of bearing a child. Nausea, a gag reflex in early pregnancy is a common occurrence that doctors attribute to the normal state of a woman in position. If the vomit is yellow in color, gives off bitterness, you should seek help from a doctor. There is a possibility of symptoms of a serious illness.

Causes

In pregnant girls, an attack of nausea, vomiting with bile can be caused by poisoning, chronic diseases, and be a consequence of traumatic brain injuries. The body of a girl in a position is more vulnerable to viruses, infections due to reduced immunity in pregnant women.

In women, during the bearing of a child, there is toxicosis, which causes many problems, including vomiting. A woman can vomit in the first months of pregnancy, throughout the entire period. Often the cause of such a reaction of the body remains unidentified.

pancreatitis

Pathology often first occurs during pregnancy. The reason is compression of the enlarged uterus of the pancreas. The disease is promoted by the abuse of salts, overeating. Lack of physical activity, taking medications, the pathological effect of estrogens - provokes inflammation of the stomach. Frequent companions of nausea, vomiting, bile becomes a fetid foamy stool.

In the first trimester, chronic pancreatitis provokes a miscarriage. The third trimester with the disease is accompanied by late toxicosis, life-threatening for the patient, the child. Exacerbation of the disease requires immediate hospitalization.

Early toxicosis

Approximately the fifth week is marked by the onset of toxicosis. Early toxicosis is a condition of a girl, accompanied by an illness in the form of nausea and vomiting, sometimes with bile. Vomiting is a common body reaction to pregnancy. Most often occurs in the morning. If the expectant mother is hungry, it can happen at any time of the day.

Nausea in the first trimester may come from the smell of food, perfume, the taste of toothpaste, etc. Subsequently, the stomach begins to contract, pulling bile from the gallbladder. Next, the bile comes out. You can avoid it by eating in the morning in small quantities. Usually, in the second trimester, toxicosis tends to pass, the pregnancy proceeds well.

Inflammation of the appendix

Acute appendicitis is a rather rare occurrence in early pregnancy, more often the disease manifests itself in the third trimester. At the first stage of the development of the disease, pain in the stomach appears, spreading to the right side of the abdomen. Everything is accompanied by nausea, vomiting with bile. The temperature rises, the pain becomes unbearable, the patient's condition worsens. Untimely assistance from a surgeon threatens a pregnant woman with placental abruption, infection of the fetus with infections, impaired intrauterine development, and termination of pregnancy.

At the first suspicion of an appendix disease, consultation with a medical professional is required.

liver disease during pregnancy

Pregnancy proceeding well, does not change the size and structure of the liver. The blood supply does not change. But along with the waste products of a woman, the body has to metabolize the waste products of the fetus. The liver is under a lot of pressure. At the same time, the body has to process and inactivate hormones, the level of which is much higher during pregnancy. The liver starts to hurt. With pain comes vomiting of a bitter liquid.

The skin changes color, taking on an icteric tint. Urine acquires a dark shade, feces become discolored. These symptoms are a serious reason to seek medical help.

Intestinal infections

Pregnant women are prone to intestinal infections due to reduced immunity. The infection is transmitted through food, water, dirty hands. Pathology is manifested by symptoms:

Loss of appetite;
Nausea, vomiting;
Diarrhea;
Temperature increase;
bowel disorder;
General weakness and body aches.

Poisoning

The risk of food poisoning during the period of bearing a child increases significantly due to reduced immunity or a woman's attempts to eat foods that are unusual for herself. Expired food, food contaminated with bacteria can cause intoxication. Vomit with an admixture of green liquid may indicate mushroom poisoning.

Not all poisons are able to cross the placenta. With ordinary food poisoning, worry is unnecessary - the unborn child will not suffer.

Effects

Vomiting, in addition to discomfort, causes a lot of other unpleasant consequences for any person. For a pregnant woman, it is dangerous because the fetus itself can suffer. Dehydration is the first and obligatory consequence of the body's vomiting reaction. Severe vomiting, which does not allow food to linger in the body, sometimes starts the process of tissue destruction from the inside due to a lack of nutrients.

When vomiting bile during pregnancy, acids irritate the stomach, which leads to inflammation, and subsequently to the development of serious diseases. It is worth stopping vomiting as soon as possible with the help of a doctor or on your own.

Diagnostics

If symptoms appear, you should inform your obstetrician-gynecologist. You may need to consult other doctors who will help establish the diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. A gastroenterologist will help identify problems in the gastrointestinal tract. An endocrinologist, an infectious disease specialist, an oncologist will help identify pathologies in other areas.

The following tests may be needed to make a diagnosis:

UAC and OAM;
Blood chemistry;
Analysis for tumor markers;
Ultrasound of the digestive organs;
fetal ultrasound;

As a result of the measures taken, the attending physician makes a diagnosis and prescribes the optimal treatment for a woman in position.

Treatment

The average and severe stage of symptom severity requires hospitalization. Medications, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, can harm the fetus. The use of drugs is kept to a minimum. When vomiting, the doctor recommends taking sorbents, enzymes, antiemetics to alleviate the patient's condition. Dieting will be mandatory.

You can calm the stomach when you feel sick at home by taking tea with ginger, mineral water without gas, a decoction of mint or rose hips.

Intestinal infection in pregnant women is dangerous for the unborn child, requires immediate treatment. For a mild form of the disease, the elimination of toxins with the help of absorbent preparations will be required. Severe cases require hospital treatment. To remove toxins, the patient is given droppers. After the examination, receiving the results of the analysis, the doctor prescribes medications.

Pancreatitis is difficult to diagnose and treat. Therapy of the disease during pregnancy does not differ from the treatment of other patients, it is aimed at removing intoxication, eliminating pain, and eliminating inflammation. The acute form requires surgical intervention. There is a question about termination of pregnancy.

Prevention

It is impossible to avoid nausea and vomiting during pregnancy; every woman is able to reduce seizures to a minimum. It is enough to observe the diet, minimizing the consumption of fatty, spicy foods, eliminate stressful situations, emotional overstrain.

Walking during this period of a woman's life for 15 minutes, several times a day, will favorably affect intestinal motility.

Toxicosis at an early stage of pregnancy is not uncommon, it does not pose a great danger. Symptoms may be relieved. It is not recommended to start activities on an empty stomach - it is better to take care of breakfast in the evening, store a handful of dried fruits, a banana, cookies. As morning comes, you need to have a light snack without getting out of bed. Fruit must be consumed. For girls with moderate nausea, it is better to eat baked fruits.

Regular examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist, timely testing - will make the risk of diseases that cause nausea, vomiting of bile, minimal.

The second trimester of pregnancy (the period from 13 to 27 weeks) is the most interesting for the expectant mother. After all, it is at this stage that the baby begins to move. This period is usually accompanied by a sense of physiological comfort and well-being. Nausea at this time no longer appears, and the fetus has not yet reached those sizes in order to put pressure on the woman's organs. But still there are certain problems that arise during this period. And today we will find out what health difficulties at this time can be observed in pregnant women and how to deal with them.

Required Research

In the second trimester, a woman must pass the following mandatory tests:

Biochemical screening. This is the so-called triple test, which is done in order to rule out Down syndrome and neural tube defects.
ultrasound. Second trimester — this is the period when it is very important to do this research, because just then deviations can be detected, because at other times it will be problematic to do so. During this diagnostic method, the doctor will definitely check whether the size of the fetus corresponds to the gestational age, how well it develops future baby in the mother's abdomen: a specialist will determine the size of the renal pelvis, the length of the femur, the shape of the head. Also during this period, the doctor will evaluate the blood flow of the crumbs, because it is very important to determine how well the baby is supplied with oxygen and nutrients.

Also, for a pregnant woman, a gynecologist may prescribe additional tests, such as:

- Examination of amniotic fluid and fetal blood. The doctor can send for the analysis if the specialist suspects any abnormalities.

- Additional studies if the expectant mother has chronic ailments.

Of course, a planned trip to the doctor should be a mandatory event. At the 15th or 16th week, the doctor weighs the woman, measures the circumference of her abdomen, determines the height of the uterine fundus. Also, a specialist during this period can assess the condition of the heart, kidneys and brain of the fetus. Another doctor at the reception determines the position of the placenta, its size, thickness and maturity.

Frequent problems awaiting expectant mothers

The last stage, when the embryo finally turns into a person, is 15 weeks of pregnancy. What happens to the body of the expectant mother after the first three months of being in an interesting position? First of all, at this time, the body of a woman undergoes changes. What may bother the representative of the weaker sex at this stage, we will consider below.

1. Breast augmentation. Under the influence of hormones, the mammary glands become larger during this period. If in the first trimester a woman could observe soreness in her chest, then in the second she will have another problem - irritability of the nipples. Therefore, at this stage, the girl should buy a supportive bra, which will definitely help her.

2. Growing belly. Of course, this is not a problem, but due to the enlargement of the womb, the woman becomes less mobile; that work, which was previously performed without much effort, will seem to her difficult, and sometimes unbearable.

3. False contractions. During this period, the uterus begins to warm up, so that it will soon be ready for important work. Such contractions in the lower abdomen are usually weak and impossible to predict. However, if there is severe pain in the second trimester, and in addition they are regular, then the woman should urgently see a doctor, as this may be a sign of preterm labor.

4. Skin transformations. Some areas on the body of the expectant mother become darker, for example, the skin around the nipples, certain areas of the face, the line leading from the navel to the pubis.

5. Stretch marks. The second trimester is a period when the fairer sex can observe pink, red stripes along the abdomen, shoulders, chest, hips, and buttocks. Stretch marks, by the way, can be accompanied by unbearable itching. But no one said that pregnancy in the second trimester is easy. However, there is no need to sound the alarm ahead of time. Although the appearance of such bands cannot be prevented, most of them eventually disappear or become barely visible.

6. Dizziness. This problem is faced by many women in position, because the blood vessels during this period expand in response to hormonal disruptions. To prevent such a negative phenomenon, the girl should drink enough water, and also slowly get up after sleep. When a woman feels dizzy, she should lie on her left side in order to restore blood pressure.

7. Problem with gums and breathing. Since pregnancy increases blood circulation, more blood flows through the mucous membranes of the body. And this, in turn, leads to swelling of the airways, as a result of which the woman begins to snore. Also, increased circulation of connective tissue can soften the gums and cause them to bleed.

8. Shortness of breath. Why is the second trimester characterized by respiratory discomfort? The fact is that the lungs process air more intensively than it was before pregnancy. And this makes it possible for the blood to carry more oxygen to the placenta and the baby, so breathing in this case becomes more intense, which leads to shortness of breath.

9. Vaginal discharge. If a woman found intense leucorrhoea during this period, then this is normal, because they help to suppress the growth of harmful bacteria and yeast. To avoid discomfort, she can wear quality panty liners. However, the fair sex needs to be careful, and if they notice discharge in the second trimester with an unpleasant odor, green, yellow, with drops of blood, then this may indicate a vaginal infection. In this case, the woman should immediately go to her doctor.

10. Leg cramps. Leg cramps are another nuisance of the second trimester: as the pregnancy progresses, they become more frequent at night. To prevent cramps, you need to do appropriate exercises before going to bed, drink more water.

So you learned what changes a woman's body undergoes after 15 weeks of pregnancy. What happens in the second trimester with the fetus, now find out.

How does the baby develop?

Frozen pregnancy in the second trimester: its signs

The biggest blow of fate that can occur during this period is the cessation of fetal development. Of course, the death of an unborn baby can also happen in the first trimester. But still, the period of 18-20 weeks is considered more dangerous. How to determine the freezing, the fetus or not?

- By movements. If a woman does not feel any movements in her tummy, then this may be a signal of trouble. In this case, she should immediately contact a gynecologist - he will listen to the heartbeat, and if the results are poor (for example, the pulse is deaf or not at all), he will prescribe an additional ultrasound.

- On the chest. A frozen pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in the size of the bust. The mammary glands then become soft, colostrum ceases to stand out.

- If the cervix is ajar, the color of the vagina has become red or pink, there are thick brown discharges - in this case, the doctor can ascertain the fact that the fetus is dying.

Acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract during the gestation period

Influenza in the second trimester of pregnancy can be dangerous not only for the mother, but also for the unborn baby. After all, the disease can provoke premature birth, placental insufficiency. If a woman caught the flu in the second trimester, then the crumbs, when born, may experience symptoms of oxygen starvation - pallor, lethargy, a weak cry. But still, you should not panic at the first sign of the flu, since a sufficient number of pregnant women suffered this ailment in the second trimester, but then gave birth to absolutely healthy babies.

Flu treatment

You can get rid of this disease at home, it is not necessary to go to the hospital. What do you need to heal faster?

Flu prevention in the 2nd trimester

Vaccination is the main way to prevent the development of a viral infection in the body of a pregnant woman.
Increasing the body's defenses, which includes proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle, as well as physical activity (do not lie on the couch for days and stroke your round tummy, but go out into the fresh air and take walks).
isolation from patients. If someone in the house falls ill, it is better to ask this person to stay with other relatives for a while so that he does not infect a woman in position.
Hypothermia and overheating should be avoided.

Organic matter needed between 13 and 27 weeks

In the early stages of pregnancy, a woman's body needs substances such as folic acid, vitamins A, E and C. Throughout the entire period of being in an interesting position, future women in labor also need iodine and calcium, and the second trimester is no exception. Vitamins, as well as micro and macro elements that are important to consume during this period, are the following: iron, manganese, selenium, copper, rutin, etc. For the period from 13 to 27 weeks, these substances are designed to help the baby grow properly and actively. After all, it is in the second trimester that the baby develops dynamically, so he will need more minerals and vitamins than in the initial months.

How to eat?

So the golden mean of pregnancy has come. During this period, the main organs and systems of the fetus are already laid down and functioning. Now bones and tissues will actively begin to grow, the brain develops, nerve fibers, as well as blood vessels, form. Why do doctors pay so much attention to such an aspect as nutrition? The second trimester is the time when the baby, located in the mother's stomach, actively takes away useful elements from her. And in order for a woman to have enough of the necessary substances for herself, doctors try at every appointment to remind the future woman in labor that she is fully fed. By the middle of the prenatal period, the content of useful products should be in the following ratio:

- proteins - 22%;

- vegetable fats - 18%;

- fruits and vegetables - 38%;

- cereals - 22%.

Now let's determine what exactly should be on the menu of a pregnant woman in the second trimester:

What foods should be excluded?

Now it is worth considering the nutrition of pregnant women in terms of safety. Some of the foods that women loved to eat before they were in an interesting position can now pose a threat to the health of the baby. The second trimester, as well as the first and third, is the time when the following foods should be excluded from the diet:

- Raw meat, as well as fish (for example, sushi).

- Various smoked sausages, sausages, etc.

— Varieties of cheeses with mold.

- Raw eggs, as well as sauces based on them.

And of course, we recall that no crackers from the store, chips can not be consumed during this period. Pro alcoholic drinks generally should be forgotten at all stages of pregnancy.

Tonus in the second trimester: what to do?

Throughout the entire period of a woman's being in an interesting position, uterine hyperactivity is a serious diagnosis, so every trip to the gynecologist should include a feeling of the abdomen by a specialist.

Causes of increased tone:

What should be done to eliminate the tone of the uterus?

A woman can achieve relaxation of the uterus only if she herself is completely calm and peaceful.
A lady in position must get enough sleep. If it doesn’t work out at night, then you need to arrange a quiet hour for yourself during the day.
As prescribed by the doctor, a woman during hypertonicity can drink sedatives that can reduce spasms of the walls of the uterus.
With increased activity of the smooth muscle hollow organ, the gynecologist can place the future woman in labor in a hospital in order to prevent abnormalities in the development of the fetus.

Now you know that in the second trimester, which, by the way, lasts from weeks 13 to 27, the baby is actively developing and growing. At this time, the mother's breasts, abdomen increase, stretch marks form (not for everyone) - that is, the woman's body changes. There are cases when a lady has fictitious contractions during this period, the tone of the uterus increases. And so that such serious and dangerous problems do not overtake a pregnant woman, she must protect herself from negative emotions, have more rest, spend time in the fresh air, and also eat right. And then no health complications will be observed, and the baby will be born healthy and on time.