Adoptive family policy. How to take a child into a foster family or guardianship Conditions for taking a child into a foster family

How much do they pay for a foster child in Russia? There are a lot of rumors about this. Articles regularly appear in newspapers, magazines and virtual publications devoted to tens and hundreds of thousands of rubles allegedly received by guardians. Some journalists confidently claim that people take children from the baby house only because of the money. The amounts attributed to adoptive parents can solve any financial problems - debts, mortgages, a new car ... However, there are those who rightly doubt whether all these stories can be trusted.

Money: income and expenditure

You can try for a long time to count the money in someone else's wallet, but from the outside it is still not clear how these amounts are combined with everyday life. For example, when adopting a disabled person, the guardian receives from the state up to half a million rubles, but only with this money he will have to purchase all the equipment necessary for a full-fledged life of the baby. And it will not work to save money - the social service carefully monitors compliance with the terms of the agreement with the state. The authorities do not just give the child away from the baby house, but also control that his life is at a high level.

Should I count money in someone else's wallet? Some citizens of our country who have adopted several orphans, including disabled people, regularly encounter media interest. Journalists actively count the money received in such families, but rarely evaluate real expenses. But new parents not only provide housing for orphans, care and concern, but also give love, a sense of family, which is incredibly important for future socialization.

Foster Child Benefit: how it works

In fact, the money that the state gives is not the property of the guardian. The allowance for orphans belongs to them. Of course, there are restrictions associated with the age of majority, so the funds are transferred to the name of the guardian. But this happens only on the condition that the finances will be spent on the orphan himself, adopted into a new family.

However, when registering a foster family, you can receive funds for which you do not need to write reports. True, this is not easy to do, so many adoptive parents prefer not to fool themselves and simply raise orphans as guardians. To some extent, they can be compared with the managers of orphanages. And how much do they pay for a foster child in an orphanage? The turnover of such an institution is up to 45 million. True, the money, as well as in the case of guardians, goes only to the wards, and they will have to be accounted for. By the way, the words about reporting are not empty. The guardian must keep all checks and return them regularly to the social services.

What's the problem?

While the media is counting how much money carers can get, these people themselves say that raising a child from an orphanage is not an easy task. It is necessary not only to provide housing for orphans, but also to provide them with decent living conditions. And everything would be fine, but only children are different. And this is not surprising, because who are usually given to shelters by newly-made parents? Those with whom there may be difficulties. For example, those with mental retardation or other features of physical and mental health, promising problems in the near future. Carers who take on these babies are ready for the hardships of everyday life.

What does the monthly foster care allowance go towards? In addition to medicines and food, clothes and utilities, you have to spend quite a lot of money to maintain the house in good condition. Many children with developmental delays suffer from increased aggression, which means that they will regularly break something. Some things you can get as a gift, something you have to buy yourself. The table is broken and needs a new one. Wardrobe is broken - will have to buy. The breakdown of expensive items (for example, a computer, TV, washing machine) can make a rather big hole in the family budget. Therefore, in fact, benefits for foster parents are not felt as an improvement in financial condition. In the best case, it will be possible to stay at the level at which the family lived before the appearance of the baby from the orphanage.

Foster children: it's important

I must say: despite the state program of financial support, there are quite a few people who want to get a foster child. Those who decide to adopt a child from an orphanage are aware that the foster child allowance will not cover all expenses for the maintenance of a new family member. Guardians, foster parents usually take someone, wanting to help the person, and this is the strongest motivation.

How much does the state pay for a foster child with a disability per month? Amount - from 25 thousand rubles and less. If guardians do not work, then they additionally pay a small amount of money. True, the specific amount of payments is determined not only by the child's illness, but also by the city in which the adoptive parents live. For example, Muscovites can count on large sums. On the other hand, prices in the capital are noticeably higher than in other cities. The state monthly transfers a certain amount to the address of the adoptive parent, which can be assessed as a salary, because caring for a disabled person from a shelter is work.

Where does the money go?

It would seem that the deduction for a foster child, a lump sum payment, monthly allowances and benefits in total give a real one. But what happens in practice? No matter how much the media clings to foster parents, claiming that they take children only for the sake of money, these families are not distinguished by wealth. And it's all about the treatment.

Some adopted children can count on free rehabilitation. But you have to buy medicines out of your own pocket. There is a rather small list of medicines provided by the state free of charge, but it is too narrow. Drug costs are high. Only one package of an effective drug, designed for 10-20 days of administration, can cost 2-3 thousand rubles. And such medicines require not one or two, but more. So it turns out that the foster child allowance is spent on medical preparations, and sometimes it is not even enough for them.

And about money: how much will we get?

So, how much do they pay for a foster child now? Payments are divided into several categories. There are federal They are provided from the state budget. For the current year, the amount is set at 14,703.93 rubles. To receive this money, you will have to prepare a package of documents. Among them should be papers confirming that the children are either deprived of their parents, or they cannot raise them, as well as a self-filled application and a copy of the agreement to transfer the child to a non-native family for upbringing. All these documents are sent to the guardianship authorities responsible for the custody of the child. You need to apply to the state authorities at the place of residence. For each new baby adopted into the family, a package of documents is prepared anew.

Additionally, certain funds can be counted on from the regional budget. How much is paid for an adopted child from this source? The amounts are not impressive. For the first adoption, you can get 4,556 rubles, for the second, a little more - 6,074, for each subsequent adoption from the regional budget, the family will be allocated 7,593 rubles. To get this money, you also have to fight the bureaucratic machine. You need to apply to the same state authority responsible for Foster parents write an application for money, attach a copy of the agreement on the adoption of the child into the family.

Is there anything else?

One hundred thousand rubles can be received from the regional budget. The amount is paid only once, at the moment when the family adopts a disabled person. To receive this money, you need to write an application to the social service responsible for foster children, attach documents proving the identity of the parent, documents from which it follows that he is a citizen of our country, as well as official papers confirming residence (permanently or most of the time) within this area.

You also need to attach documents proving the identity of a minor adoptable with a disability or a passport, if he already has one. The child must also live permanently or most of the time in the territory of the region, in the social bodies of which financial support is requested. This must be documented. You also need to provide documents proving that the adopted child is disabled, court papers legalizing the adoption, and a birth certificate of the child.

Every month - a little support

Guardians can count on a small monthly support from the state. This payment is called "remuneration". If the child has not yet reached the age of 12, then 7,200 rubles per month are due for one adopted child, if this age limit is exceeded, the authorities will pay eight thousand rubles a month.

In order to receive what is due under the law, it is necessary to contact the state authority responsible for guardianship and guardianship. For each new member adopted into the family, you need to request help separately. Parents write a statement and provide a copy of the agreement that the child has been adopted.

special case

A slightly larger financial support is for those who take care of children with disabilities, children suffering from chronic diseases, or toddlers under three years of age. The difference is small, only three thousand for each adopted, but still financial support will not be superfluous.

To receive this money, the social authorities will have to provide not only an application from the adoptive parents and a copy of the agreement under which the child was adopted into the family, but also some special papers. This is the conclusion of doctors, officially confirming the presence of the disease, the status of disability. The money paid in this case is classified as wages for raising a child.

What if there are many children?

Some foster parents have the means, energy, and time to raise multiple children. Other families may adopt three or even more orphans. The state encourages this practice with financial assistance: for the third child and each subsequent one, the authorities pay extra three thousand.

To obtain what is required by law, it is necessary to submit an application and a copy of the agreement on the adoption of a new family member to the state authority.

Foster children: the state will help

If the situation in the child's life has developed in such a way that he was left without parental care, then you can count on being raised in a foster family. If there are people who are ready to take the baby to them, the state will pay a little money.

For children under seven years of age, financial assistance is provided in the amount of 7,037 rubles, for those who are not older than 12, the payment is 8,403 rubles, and at the age of 12-18 years, you can count on 9,250 rubles. You can get money if the adoptive parent writes a statement to social protection, supported by a copy of the agreement on the adoption of the child.

Social support: you need to know your rights

Under current legislation, families that have taken custody or adopted a child can count on benefits and preferences. In particular, for utilities, the benefit is almost a third of the cost if there are 1-2 adopted children in the family. In addition, such children can use public municipal transport free of charge. True, this does not apply to taxis and private minibuses.

If a family brings up three children or more, then the discount on a communal apartment remains the same (30%), but until the age of six, the country's authorities provide children with all the necessary medicines. It also provides for free use of municipal public transport, not only by children, but also by the family itself, which took them up.

Until now, in our country, despite the efforts of individuals and the state, the number of orphans has not decreased. Every day, refuseniks from maternity hospitals arrive at orphanages, and children arrive at orphanages whose presence in their own families is life-threatening. A state institution is a temporary measure, but in no way a way out of the plight of a small person, from whom the closest people turned their backs. A child cannot grow up happy outside the family, which means that more than anything, he needs new, loving parents. In such situations, the only effective measure is a foster family. We are talking about a collective image of all families that carry out, take custody, arrange guardianship or resort to any other form of placing a child in a family.

What is a foster family

The following forms of foster families can be distinguished:

Adoption - a child is adopted into a family as a blood relative. He becomes a full member of the family with all the rights and responsibilities.
Guardianship - a child is accepted into a family for the purpose of upbringing and education, as well as to protect his interests. He may retain his last name, his natural parents are not exempted from the obligation to maintain it. Guardianship is established for children under 14 years old, and guardianship is issued from 14 to 18 years old.
Patronage - a child is brought up in a family on the basis of a tripartite agreement between guardianship authorities, a foster family and an institution for orphans.
Foster family - a child is brought up at home by a guardian on the basis of an agreement that determines the period for transferring the child to a foster family.

The experience of adopting orphans exists, and it is successful. However, the ability to accept a child is not given to every person - you need to carefully listen to yourself, try to find answers to internal questions. If you can’t make a decision on your own, you can always talk to a psychologist. It will help you “look inside” yourself and understand what exactly you need from life. Perhaps this is by no means helping the child, but a desire to satisfy some personal ambitions. In this case, you should not count on foster children - they are not at all obliged to justify your expectations.

A foster family, like any other, can face a number of problems with the advent of a child. The ability to solve them without loss largely depends on the willingness to accept a small person and on the competence of foster parents. The more clearly people understand what they are going through when they decide to raise a foster child, the better. Of course, in most cases, it will be more difficult for foster parents to cope with their functions than for relatives. The reason is simple - children who have experienced a tragedy (whether it be the death of loved ones, the destruction of a family, or the deprivation of mom and dad of parental rights) experience a deep emotional drama. Staying in an orphanage, where there is not a single relative, causes no less damage to the child's psyche. There is no one to count on and no one to share experiences with. In children's institutions there are only people doing their job. Even if they do it flawlessly, there will be no replacement for parental love.

Adaptation of a child in a foster family

Adaptation in the family lasts up to a year on average and is quite difficult. Diseases may worsen, unexpected tears and tantrums arise, denial of everyone and everything (“I don’t want”, “I won’t”, “leave”) and even aggression appear. All this is natural and will surely pass with time, provided that the parents are literate and their sincere love.

The adaptation of a child in a foster family can be divided into several stages:

The preparation stage, when the child only visits new parents, comes to visit before the final acceptance of the baby into the family.
During this period, foster parents try to make the child comfortable in the house, give gifts, praise and cheer him in every possible way. The child is trying to please the new parents. It is very important not to rush things and not put pressure on the child to call his parents "mom" and "dad".
The stage of crisis, when the child begins to behave quite differently from what adoptive parents are used to seeing.
The process is natural and should be considered as the correct development of relationships. If a child shows his bad sides to new parents, this is a sign of a trusting relationship.
The stage of adaptation, when the child begins to feel at home in a new family.
His appearance, behavior changes, the baby becomes independent and more self-confident. It should be remembered that any change in the family can cause psychological trauma to the child.
The stage of stabilization, when the family finally becomes a family.
The adopted child is calm, although he may be disturbed by memories of a past life, and the adoptive parents are satisfied with the state of their family.

The best way to “lay straw” in advance is to get the contacts of the necessary specialists in advance, before the child arrives in the family: doctors, neurologists, psychologists. And, without hesitation, at the first difficulties, turn to them.

How to become foster parents

Which children are placed in a foster family:

children left without parental care, who are in institutions of social protection of the population, treatment-and-prophylactic, educational or other similar institutions;
children whose parents, for health reasons, cannot take care of their maintenance and upbringing;
children whose parents are deprived or limited in parental rights, are recognized by the court as incompetent or convicted;
children whose parents are unknown;
orphans

Algorithm for creating a foster family

A candidate for foster parents submits to the Department of Guardianship and Guardianship a package of documents according to the list with an application for issuing a conclusion on the possibility of being a foster parent.
Specialists of the Department within 3 days from the date of submission of the above documents conduct an examination of the living conditions of the candidate for foster parents and the examination report is approved by the head of the guardianship body within 3 days. The examination certificate is drawn up in two copies, one of which is sent within 3 days to a citizen who has expressed a desire to accept a child into a family. The act of inspection can be challenged by a citizen in court.
Within 10 days from the date of submission of documents, a decision is made to appoint a foster parent or on the candidate’s ability to be a foster parent, on the basis of which a referral is issued to an organization for orphans and children left without parental care, to get acquainted with the child, his personal file and medical conclusion about his state of health.
In the case of a positive decision, the candidate writes a statement of intent to accept the child into the family.
The organization for orphans and children left without parental care, as a legal representative, sends the child for a commission examination of his state of health (as for adoption) and, together with a medical opinion, with his consent to transfer the child to a foster family, submits to the Office a package of documents for child.
The department is preparing a regulation on the possibility of transferring a child to a foster family: on the appointment of a guardian (adoptive parent) acting for a fee, on the need to pay money for remuneration due to the foster parent and for the maintenance of the child.
The Department concludes an agreement with the adoptive parent on the transfer of the child to a foster family and, in addition to the agreement, prepares individual conditions for the transfer of the child, a certificate of the adoptive parent and hands the memo to the adoptive parent with the child's documents.
If the candidate is from another MO, then the personal file is transferred to the municipality at the place of actual residence of the foster family to assign the payment of funds and control over the conditions of upbringing and maintenance of the child.
Foster parents are assigned monthly cash payments for the maintenance of children transferred to foster families, the amount of which in 2013 was 6543 rubles. 80 kopecks, and a monetary reward due to a foster parent in the amount of 2,500 rubles (if the family is raising a child under 3 years old and a disabled child, then an additional payment of 20% is assigned to the monetary reward).
Schoolchildren are paid compensation for travel 310 rubles 88 kopecks. When a foster parent transfers a child to a family, a lump-sum allowance of about 12,000 rubles is paid.

How to adopt a child?

Requirements for adoptive parents

Adoptive parents (parents) may be adults of both sexes, with the exception of:

persons recognized by the court as incapable or partially capable;
persons deprived by court of parental rights or limited by court in parental rights;
dismissed from the duties of a guardian (custodian) for improper performance of the duties assigned to him by law;
former adoptive parents, if the adoption is canceled due to their fault;
persons with diseases in the presence of which it is impossible to take a child (children) to a foster family.

Foster parents are the legal representatives of the adopted child, protect his rights and interests, including in court, without special powers.

Persons wishing to take a child (children) for upbringing in a foster family submit an application to the guardianship and guardianship authority at their place of residence with a request to give an opinion on the possibility of being foster parents.

The following documents are attached to the application:

Certificate from the place of work indicating the position and the average salary for 12 months, or another document confirming the income of citizens;
An extract from the house book from the place of residence or another document confirming the right to use the residential premises or the ownership of the residential premises, a copy of the financial personal account from the place of residence;
Certificate of the internal affairs bodies confirming the absence of a criminal record or the fact of criminal prosecution for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the individual (with the exception of illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, slander and insult), sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, against the family and minors, public health and public morals, as well as against public safety;
Medical report on the state of health;
A copy of the marriage certificate (if the citizen is married);
Autobiography;
A document confirming the availability of housing for a person (persons) who wants to take a child (children) to be raised in a foster family (a copy of the financial and personal account from the place of residence and an extract from the house book (by apartment) book for tenants of residential premises in the state and municipal housing stock or a document confirming the ownership of the dwelling);
Written consent of adult family members, taking into account the opinion of children who have reached the age of 10 living together, to accept a child in a family;
A copy of a certificate or other document confirming the completion of training (except for close relatives of children, as well as persons who are or were guardians (custodians) of children and who were not removed from the performance of their duties, and persons who were or are adoptive parents and in relation to whose adoption has not been revoked).

The first thing that every person who thinks about adoption needs to do is discuss his desire with the closest people: spouse and children. By the way, the widespread stereotype that only families that are deprived of the opportunity to give birth to their own should raise adopted children is not only far from the truth, but also harmful. On the contrary, families that already have children have experience in raising children and understand how difficult and time-consuming it is to raise children. But back to family members. Only if a consensus is reached, and there are no those who are “categorically against” in the house, can we move on to action.

The second step is schooling for foster parents. Finding the nearest of them is very simple: just contact the guardianship authority at the place of residence. They will be sent there. On average, classes last two months and this is not only a necessary, but also a pleasant stage on the way to placing a child in your family. A few weeks before graduation, you can safely start collecting documents. With intensive immersion in this issue (if both spouses take vacations for this purpose), the procedures will take one to two weeks.

The medical paperwork is in place, the foster parent's high school graduation certificate is in, and now it's time to get back into foster care. The specialist will inspect the premises of potential adoptive parents, help fill out questionnaires, write an application and prepare other necessary documents. After that, you will have to wait two to three weeks for a decision. An important point is that future adoptive parents should already at this stage choose the form of placing a child in their family - adoption, guardianship, foster family, and so on. The complexity of this procedure is that it is impossible to guess in advance what status the child you will meet and love will have. If, for example, only “adoption”, it is no longer possible to take him under guardianship. Therefore, consult with a specialist how best to proceed.

Finding a child is the most difficult and lengthy stage. There will be many difficulties, disappointments and worries along the way. Despite the fact that in Russia there are about 600,000 children who live without a family, often children's institutions are in no hurry to part with them. And very often, especially when looking for a child under 3 years old, you will hear from guardianship specialists “we don’t have children.” Why this happens is the topic of a separate article. Most importantly, do not stop and do not despair. Do you have children. Do not limit the search only to your place of residence - potential adoptive parents in Russia have the right to search for a child throughout the Russian Federation. With perseverance and faith that you are doing the most important thing in life, your baby will definitely be found. And you will be together.

Foster parent experience

One of the most important moments of successfully overcoming the difficulties in raising adopted children is communication with other parents who are in a similar life situation. The exchange of experience and the feeling "I'm not alone with my problems" always gives strength and helps to look at things realistically. Ideally, you need to find an organization that helps the placement of children and at the same time provides subsequent support for the family. We are talking about all kinds of non-profit foundations, structures and communities of foster parents. Communication with like-minded people is very important - both at the stage of making a decision, searching for a child, and at the very beginning of a life together. However, in the future, you should not interrupt the relationship. For adopted children, this is also a unique opportunity to feel at ease and understand that the most beloved and close ones are not necessarily those who gave birth to you. But always those who love, who are there every day, from morning to night.

Try not to be guided by the opinion of people who are not adoptive parents themselves: they have no real idea about orphans.
Do not hesitate to conduct the necessary medical and psychological examination of the child before making a decision. In any case, it is necessary: you need to clearly understand what and how to treat.
It does not hurt to remember all the time that genes form temperament, character, are responsible for health, but not for the fate of a person. Criminals and drug addicts are the result of upbringing and the surrounding society.
Seek help from psychologists and lawyers. Specialists provide free consultations at the Centers for Social Assistance to Families and Children.
Do not hurry. In case of doubt, uncertainty or problems in the family, wait. Resolve your issues and continue to communicate with other adoptive parents.
If you can't "recognize" your child, use your sense of smell. Smells clearly work on an unconscious level, prompting "my man" or not.
Do not try to draw in your imagination the image of the child in advance: everything will not be at all as you expected. And not even in the way that other adoptive parents have told you - each case is individual.
A child left without parents has a lot of hard and bad things in the past. He will get rid of this burden gradually, with the help of a new family. Don't rush things - it takes time.
Don't expect instant love from a foster child. The important thing is that you have already changed the life of a little person for the better.
Let the child be himself. Observe his interests, talents and help consolidate them. Let the baby grow up happy.

Diana Mashkova

Every child has the right to be loved and desired, to grow up surrounded by a family, to receive the necessary care and affection. If you decide to adopt a child, you have given the child a chance for a happy childhood. The topic of raising a foster child is surrounded by a lot of controversy and disagreement, many argue that it is hard work with an unknown result, while others say that it is joy and happiness. On the one hand, it should be noted that the upbringing of any child does not guarantee successful results, and often their own children bring a lot of disappointment and pain to their parents. The experience of many families proves that raising someone else's child brings happiness to all family members and fills life with bright colors. Much depends on the “breadth” of your heart, ready to share love, on awareness of potential difficulties, on your willingness to solve them. Let's talk about the basic rules in raising a foster child.

Adaptation period

If you decide to adopt a child and have already done it, be sure that you did the right thing and never regret it, if difficulties arise, look for ways to solve them and do not think about abandoning the baby. The situation is complicated by the fact that you have to raise someone else's child, for example, if you are forced to take a husband or wife to raise a child. In this case, remember that the child, too, may not of his own free will, but due to circumstances, will live with you and he is not obliged to burn with love and gratitude for you, he may experience many experiences associated with the break or death of parents. Whatever your reason for choosing to adopt a child, there are several steps you will need to go through to build a close and trusting relationship. And the first will be a period of adaptation.

The adaptation of the adopted baby should take place slowly, gradually and unobtrusively. Many habits in your family may be new to a foster child. Also, the baby is used to a different type of relationship and it will be difficult for him to switch to closer family communication.

If you took a child to be brought up from an orphanage, then you should not immediately give him complete freedom, abandoning any restrictions. Remember that there is a rather strict regime in orphanages and children are used to strictness, and therefore excessive tenderness and indulgence on your part can quickly turn into uncontrolled permissiveness on the part of the child. Therefore, immediately tactfully and clearly tell the baby about the rules in your family, explain what you expect from him. Feel free to politely but firmly remind the existing rules of conduct and routine. As the child adapts to your family, severity may decrease, giving way to love and affection.

If you are raising a child of a husband or wife, then at the initial stage you can give the initiative in raising a parent and play a supporting role. Wait for the child to get used to you, do not pretend to be your own mother or father, try to establish friendly relations.

Difficulties of raising someone else's child

Bad habits. The first difficulty in raising a foster child may be bad habits brought by a child from an orphanage. These can be obscene expressions, the habit of lying and taking things without millet. You should not start the fight against bad habits too zealously and even more so punish the child. It is necessary to gently and tactfully make comments to the child, patiently explain the negative side of such behavior. If it is not customary in your family to use abusive words and lie, then the child will soon give up these habits too. If possible, do not often use the method of direct notations and exhortations; a fictional story about fairy-tale heroes who had such habits and coped with them may turn out to be softer and more effective. Fairy tales and stories, suitable films and cartoons have a great pedagogical effect.

Disobedience and rebellion. If at first the baby can rejoice at finding a family, then soon he may stop obeying and do everything for evil, committing the same bad deeds. You should not be angry, punish the child and even more so threaten him, then you can refuse him. A child can really test your strength with his bad behavior, believing that you do not need him, and you will abandon him at the first difficulties. Do you think this is ridiculous and stupid? But is it really so difficult to understand and justify a little man who wants to be loved just like that, despite the difficulties and troubles, for real ... The way out of this situation can be an open conversation with the child, held in a calm atmosphere at the right time. Tell your baby that you love unconditionally and you will love him forever, and his bad behavior just hurts both of you, but will not make you give up on him or stop loving him.

Don't ask for love in return. You should not immediately expect adoration from the child, it will take time to establish a strong emotional attachment. But be prepared that the baby may not let you go even for a minute and refuse to be alone. This is due to the fear of being abandoned again.

Difficulties in the way of raising someone else's child are inevitable, as in other things and in raising your own child. Be with your baby more often, try to get to know him well, solve problems that arise, and the result will not be long in coming.

Basic rules for raising a foster child

the child should feel the unconditional love of parents, not depending on his successes, shortcomings and behavior;
respect the child and trust him, be attentive to everything that happens to him;
the child should never feel fear towards you - categorically refuse harsh educational measures, replacing them with explanation, conversations, restrictions;
do not abuse prohibitions and punishments - open the opportunity to explore the world, organize a variety of activities for the child, engage in interesting activities;
don't demand perfect behavior;
develop the strengths of the child, as they grow up, stipulate the rules of behavior and agree on them.

The same rules apply in the case of raising a child of a husband or wife.

Patience, love, and smart adoptive parenting tactics will help create a happy relationship in your family.

The most beautiful orphanage or boarding school cannot replace the care of parents, the warmth and comfort of a family hearth. It is in the family that children acquire the most important social skills and personality traits.

Understanding this, in recent years the state has been actively implementing a policy aimed at recreating the family way of life in the lives of orphans and those left without parental care.

There are several options for such placement of minors who find themselves in a difficult life situation. One of them is (patronage).

The legal concept of a foster family

The institution of a foster family should not be confused with the adoption of orphans. In the latter case, the child becomes a full member of the family, in fact, a son or daughter. Often one has to deal with a situation where newly-made parents keep the secret of adoption with all their might, and the baby is sure that this is his biological mother and father.

With a foster family, the situation is different. Its legal functioning is built on a contractual basis between a cell of society and trustee bodies (Article 152 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation). At the legislative level, a foster family is guardianship and guardianship of an orphan under a foster family agreement.

signs foster family:

For their services, the family receives material remuneration from the state and cash payments.

It is important to know that in relation to an adopted child there are no inheritance rights and maintenance obligations. All activities of the foster family are regulated by Chapter 21 of the RF IC.

Legislative regulation

The appointment of social benefits and material support for foster parents and children taken under guardianship is regulated by the code legislation:

"Family Code of the Russian Federation" No. 223-FZ of December 29, 1995;
“On State Benefits for Citizens with Children” No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995;
Laws and by-laws at the local level.

The payments or allowances due to the foster family can be lump sum, monthly, federal level or paid from the local budget.

Distinctive features from guardianship and adoption

Despite the fact that all three forms of solving the problem of orphanhood have good goals, they differ significantly in legal terms and in the formalization algorithm. The entitlements and benefits also vary.

Foster family and guardianship

When forming a foster family, the requirements for parents are simplified, but the procedure for preparing documents is more complicated. The reason is the need to conclude an agreement with guardianship.

The foster family undergoes psychological and pedagogical training in the guardianship authorities.

Foster parents, unlike guardians, are entitled to state allowance for every child.

If the guardianship authorities conclude that the foster family is created for enrichment, it is possible to refuse registration.

Comparison with the adoption of orphans

Adoption procedure much more difficult family care arrangements.

Adoption does not provide any social or material benefits other than established ones. Adoptive parents, unlike adoptive parents, are not entitled to a “salary”.

The legal status of the child also differs. Upon adoption, a full-fledged family is formed with a full range of rights and obligations of children and parents in relation to each other. A foster family is created to assist in the upbringing and maintenance of an orphan with full or partial preservation of ties with the biological family.

Upon the expiration of the term of the guardianship agreement, the legal relationship between the ward and the adoptive parents is completely terminated without any obligations in the future.

List of payments and benefits

In 2019, foster parents will receive the following types of financial benefits, preferential offers and preferences:

payments equivalent to three minimum wages for each adopted child;
the right to receive a housing object in the personal property of parents;
accrual to family members engaged in guardianship activities of the total length of service for all years of caring for a child;
purchase of products in special preferential shops.

In addition, parents can apply for a lump sum payment from the regional budget, the amount is set individually for each subject of the Russian Federation.

The one-time allowance for the transfer of a child to a family in 2019 is 17,479.73 rubles.

After the adopted child graduates from school, the family will be paid 79,500 rubles in monetary compensation. If in parallel he studied at a specialized center - in addition - another 20,600 rubles.

Federal lump-sum payment for a patronized orphan

This type of allowance includes the following payments:

At the federal level, the foster family in 2019 is entitled to lump sum in the amount of 17479.73 rubles, taking into account the indexation of social benefits.
If the family decides to patronize several kids, an allowance will be accrued for each of them. You should know that according to the law, more than 8 foster children cannot be brought up in a family.
If the family lives in a region with special climatic conditions, where a district multiplier is provided, it is also applied to this payment.
The allowance is due to one of the parents.

Regional support

At the regional level, foster families monthly support required:

monetary reward for the provision of services for the upbringing of an orphan;
monthly funds for the maintenance of foster children.

Size such payments depend on the subject of the Russian Federation, the number of minors under patronage, the duration of the contract. Regarding the payment for upbringing services, the remuneration is about 40% of the average earnings for the last year of work of the parent and cannot be less than 3, established in the region of residence of the family.

Help from the state in Moscow

The amount of material support is determined by the Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 376-PP of 2005.

Regional support is a significant contribution to the income of a foster family if it lives in a large regional center of Russia, for example, in its capital.

Adopted Muscovites have right to receive:

In addition, they retained all types of assistance distributed at the federal level.

Samara Region

The Samara region at the local level determined the amount of benefits for this category of citizens:

Also, such families can take advantage of the following benefits:

to carry out repairs to improve living conditions;
purchases of school clothes and stationery in the amount of 1,950 rubles for each adopted child;
provision of living space on the terms of social employment in an extraordinary manner.

List of benefits

Social benefits are expressed in the so-called "in-kind" support of the foster family. Assistance is aimed at reducing the material burden.

Standard package of social measures represented by the following measures:

Most benefits are provided by municipalities and local entities. Regions, depending on their capabilities, are free to establish additional measures to help foster families.

Registration procedure

To receive the entire list of benefits, payments and social benefits, the addressee must apply to the local department of social protection of the population with documents:

All payments are transferred to the recipient's bank account. Therefore, you will need to specify the details of the credit institution.

Expected changes

Significant changes to significantly increase payments and benefits to families with adopted children, not planned for 2018-2019. Their value will change by an average of 4% due to planned indexations, the first of which will take place in April of the current period.

The Government assigns a large role in the patronage provision of such citizens regions, obliging them to provide all kinds of assistance on the ground, while retaining all federal types of payments and social preferential preferences for foster families.

See the following video for more information about the amounts of payments for foster families: