Message about human skin hygiene. Proper skin hygiene is the key to health

Personal hygiene is a set of hygienic rules of human behavior at work and at home. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene contributes to the preservation and strengthening of human health.

Personal hygiene habits include daily routine, work and rest, rational nutrition, hardening, physical culture, skin care, hygiene of clothes, shoes and housing.

A person's culture can be judged, among other things, by how he observes the rules of personal hygiene.

Hygiene skills should be instilled already in childhood, consolidated during school years and firmly introduced into the daily routine from the beginning of work. A prominent place in the dissemination of sanitary and hygienic knowledge among the population, workers and employees, students and military personnel is occupied by hygienic education.

Personal hygiene

Personal hygiene concerns issues not only of an individual plan, but also of a social one. It includes the following sections:

Human body hygiene, oral hygiene, skin hygiene, cosmetic issues;
Hygiene of sleep and rest - the principles of the correct alternation of work and rest, the optimal daily regimen;
Hygienic rules of rational nutrition and the rejection of bad habits;
Hygiene of clothes and footwear.

Hygiene of the face, hands and feet

Personal hygiene rules include washing the face in the morning and evening, and hands should be washed every time after contact with a dirty surface.
Feet should be washed daily with cool water and soap. Cold water reduces perspiration.

Hair care

Hair, both short and long, should not be washed on schedule, but as needed. Usually once or twice a week. It would be useful to rinse your hair with a strong infusion of chamomile.

oral care

Visiting the dentist twice a year is a good idea for timely detection of caries.

Nail and heel care

A huge number of all kinds of bacteria and harmful microorganisms live under dirty nails, so it is especially important to properly and regularly care for your fingernails and toenails. Nails should be cleaned and trimmed or filed.

Our heels also require special care. It is impossible to allow the formation of corns, scuffs and corns.

Cleanliness of clothes and shoes

It is very important to change underwear after washing, so as not to contaminate the skin again with particles of sweat, grease and dirt. Underwear that directly touches the skin of the body (t-shirt, socks, shorts, tights, stockings) must be changed daily.

Shoes also require attention, they should be washed both outside and inside. It is necessary to change the insoles in closed shoes, boots and boots as often as possible.

Personal items

Each person should have their own hairbrush, toothbrush, towel and bed. Before going to bed, day underwear is recommended to be changed to pajamas or a nightgown.

After use, the toothbrush must be thoroughly rinsed with water. Towels and bed linen should be changed regularly.

Room hygiene

Residential, educational and industrial premises must be kept clean. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the premises. Wet cleaning of the premises should be carried out at least once a week.

Hygiene of sleep and rest

It is necessary to observe the sleep and wakefulness regimen. The duration of a night's sleep should be at least 7 hours, in order to avoid sleep deprivation. Be sure to observe the regime of work and rest, take breaks for rest during work and study, use weekly days off, vacations and vacations.

Hygienic rules of rational nutrition

It is necessary to comply with the diet. The frequency of meals is at least 3 times a day.

The human body needs a balanced diet in terms of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Human food should be rich in vitamins.

Do not drink raw water and eat unwashed fruits and vegetables. Cooked meals should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days.

It is necessary to observe the drinking regime - a person needs to drink 2 - 2.5 liters of water per day.

Know and follow personal hygiene rules should be for every person. The result of this will be good health, increased mental and physical performance, which will certainly serve as a guarantee of high achievements in any field of activity.

Hygiene is a science consisting of many sections, among which personal hygiene occupies the most important place. Personal hygiene -a set of mandatory rules for human behavior at work and at home. In a narrow sense, hygiene is keeping the body, clothing, and household items clean. Violations of the rules of personal hygiene and human health can put him and his family members out of action for a long time. This situation may arise if one family member fell ill, but shared utensils. As a result, the health of the rest is put at risk, that is, personal hygiene and health are inextricably linked with each other.

Personal hygiene includes several rules that every person is obliged to follow: keeping the body clean, the correct mode of work and rest, physical exercises, rational nutrition.

Leather

It covers the entire body and serves as a barrier to the penetration of various diseases. In addition to the protective function, the skin performs several others: respiratory, receptor, thermoregulatory ... It has a huge number of pores through which 5-7 liters of sweat and 200 g of fat are released weekly. In order for this important organ to function properly, the skin must be cleansed. Daily body care should be a mandatory ritual.

Every day you need to take a shower with water at a comfortable temperature. But for people with very dry skin, frequent washing is not recommended, so as not to disrupt the protective function of the skin. And be sure to wash your face, armpits and groin every day. For these purposes, you can use appropriate care products - soap, gels. Each person must choose them individually. Skin hygiene involves the use of scrubs to exfoliate particles of dead epithelium.
At least once a week, the procedure should be more thorough - in the bath, sauna or just in the bath.
Cleanse your face daily and then apply moisturizer.
Personal hygiene items - a washcloth, a towel - must be individual.
Bed linen must be changed once a week.

Arms and legs

Hand hygiene plays an important role in maintaining good health: unwashed hands can introduce harmful microorganisms into the mouth and cause unwanted reactions. To care for hands and feet, you should regularly use manicure and pedicure accessories - brushes, nail files, pumice stone. Clean your nails thoroughly and file them carefully. Feet should be washed daily with cool water to reduce sweating. And hands need to be washed after coming home, before and after preparing food, before and after going to the toilet, and simply because they can get dirty. In case there are no conditions for washing hands, you must have a wet wipe with you.

Hair hygiene

To make your hair look well-groomed, you must try to follow simple rules.

It is necessary to wash your hair as needed - if the type of hair is normal, then once a week is enough.
Choosing a hair product requires a thoughtful approach - along with shampoo or conditioner, unwanted substances can enter the body.
To add shine to hair, it is very useful to rinse them with infusion of nettle or chamomile after washing.
Rubbing your hair with a towel is not recommended - just blot it.
Drying them with a hair dryer is also highly undesirable - if time permits, then allow them to air dry.

Oral hygiene

The basic rules of personal hygiene necessarily include oral care.

Teeth should be brushed twice a day - in the morning and in the evening after meals and for at least 3 minutes. It is desirable to use a brush of medium softness.
To clean the interdental space, you can use dental floss or a toothpick.
To clean the gums, cheeks and tongue, there are many options for scrapers and spatulas, and to destroy all germs in the oral cavity, it is desirable to use a mouthwash.
But even regular cleaning will not guarantee that cavities or other problems will not occur. In order to start treatment at an early stage, it is necessary to undergo a dental examination twice a year.

Feminine hygiene rules

The concept of personal hygiene should be familiar to every person from childhood. They are especially important for women. Knowing them and getting used to performing them from childhood, any girl will not worry in any situation.

Intimate care is individual for each woman and should include several mandatory rules.

You need to wash at least twice a day. Water must be flowing. The movements should be from front to back so that the discharge from the anus does not enter the vagina.
You need to wash only with the palm of your hand, without using a washcloth.
Towel for intimate hygiene should be personal or paper.
A sanitary napkin may also be suitable for this purpose if water cannot be used.
Underwear must be breathable. It is most comfortable to wear cotton.
The intimate hygiene of a girl must be thought out: you cannot use shower gel, soap, or those products that are not individually suitable for this purpose. They can cause irritation or even illness. Therefore, the best way out is to contact a gynecologist and purchase hygiene products on his advice. In extreme cases, you can purchase a product with a pH of 2.5 to 3.5 containing lactic acid so as not to disturb the microflora.
During menstruation, it is necessary to wash up to five times a day to wash away the decaying blood.

Clothing and footwear

In the rules of personal hygiene and human health, clothing plays a significant role, that is, its cleanliness.

Underwear, including tights, stockings and socks, should be changed daily and freshly laundered.

Clothing and shoes must be individual and appropriate for the season.
Insoles from boots, boots and shoes should be cleaned immediately as they get dirty.

Benefit for health

In accordance with other paragraphs of the rules, nutrition must be complete and rational, ensure mental and physical activity of a person, contain a sufficient amount of calories, proteins, carbohydrates and fats. A proper diet is also necessary for a full-fledged rhythm of life: a person eats 5-6 times a day and does not starve. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene in the kitchen will guarantee that there will be no intestinal upset. This means that health will not suffer.

Sports, and just physical exercises, physical labor, walks in the fresh air, various outdoor activities are the necessary and most reasonable pastime after a working day and on weekends. This will increase metabolism, vascular and heart tone, restore strength and harden the body.

The importance of personal hygiene cannot be overestimated.

But a hygienic certificate should be familiar to a person from childhood and strictly followed by him, and then any diseases will be bypassed.

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Proper skin care contributes to the normal functioning of the body and is a basic requirement of personal hygiene. The skin performs various physiological functions. Due to the huge number of nerve endings embedded in it, it serves as the primary analyzer of external stimuli that we perceive.

Skin receptors are in close multilateral relationship with the central nervous system that regulates physiological processes in the body (IP Pavlov).

The skin protects the body from mechanical, physical and chemical damage and the penetration of microbes. Great is the function of the skin as an excretory organ. By sweating, the body is freed from excess heat and many harmful metabolic products formed in the blood and tissues. The secret of the sebaceous glands protects the skin from drying out, protects it from excessive wetting with sweat, increases its elasticity and ability to withstand mechanical stress. The skin is involved in the gas exchange of the body and has some bactericidal ability due to the acid reaction on its surface.

In the process of work and life, the skin is constantly polluted both from the outside and as a result of the physiological activity of the skin itself. The layer of dirt formed on the skin can cause mechanical blockage of the skin glands and thereby disrupt their functions. The penetration of bacteria into clogged sebaceous glands leads to the formation of folliculitis. Skin contamination rich in organic substances decomposes under the influence of microorganisms, forming fatty acids that have an unpleasant odor and irritate the skin. As a result, favorable conditions are created for the occurrence of dermatitis, pustular, fungal and other diseases.

Keeping the skin clean is achieved by regularly washing the body with hot water and soap and a washcloth. However, the daily use of hot water and soap can cause excessive degreasing, laxity, effeminacy, congestion in the skin vessels and reduce resistance to cold. The free alkali present in the soap has a degreasing effect. In laundry soap it contains up to 2%, in toilet - no more than 0.05%.

Once a week, you should take a bath treatment at home or in the bath, and the best way is to wash in the shower with continuously flowing clean water. Bathing has long been widespread. The Russian steam bath, which is also credited with therapeutic and prophylactic significance, is very famous. In recent years, Finnish folk baths (saunas) have also been used in our country, which are distinguished by a higher air temperature in the steam room and low humidity.

If in a steam bath the air temperature is maintained within the range of 45-60 ° C, and the humidity reaches 90-100%, then in the sauna these figures are 80-90 ° C (sometimes more, which is impractical) and 5-15%. Due to the low humidity of the air, the sauna is better tolerated than the steam bath. It is widely used in sports practice to accelerate the recovery of strength after physical exertion and increase efficiency (A.A. Minkh, K.A. Kafarov, V.A. Kalnibolotsky).

The most polluted areas of the body need additional care: hands, face, neck and legs.

Significant bacterial contamination is often found on the surface of the hands. The role of dirty hands in the spread of intestinal infections, helminthic infestations and other diseases has been proven. Microbes from hands get on food, dishes, household items, furnishings, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to wash your hands frequently. It should also be borne in mind that up to 95% of all microbes accumulate under the nails, and their removal is achieved only with a brush. After washing, hands should be dried with a towel or, as is done in the toilet rooms of many public buildings, dried with a current of dry air - an electric towel.

Care of the hands of surgeons and dentists requires special attention.

It is enough to wash the face and neck in the morning and before going to bed. When washing the face, hot water and frequent use of soap should be avoided because of the danger of degreasing the skin. Dryness can appear from frequent rubbing with cologne. For dry skin, it is recommended to use baby or spermaceti soap. The head should be washed no more than once a week, using toilet soap. Massage, combing with a fine comb, a special brush contribute to the improvement of hair growth, since a slight pressure causes blood flow to the hair roots and enhances their nutrition.

Soiled feet and often excessive sweating require more frequent washing with soap or even water alone. To combat sweating, you should use general hardening measures that strengthen the nervous system. Of the local remedies, in addition to washing the feet with cool water at night, it is recommended to wipe the plantar surface of the feet and the spaces between the fingers with a cotton swab moistened with a 5% formalin solution, no more than 1-2 times a week. It is necessary to change socks more often, avoiding nylon and nylon products.

When sweating hands and other parts of the body, it is recommended to scrub with cologne or powder with special powders.

More on Skin Hygiene:

SKIN HYGIENE. SKIN DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION
Kartasheva N.V., Klimovich S.V.

Skin hygiene is the basis of personal hygiene. In order for the skin to be young and beautiful, you need to properly and regularly care for it.

For the prevention of skin diseases, it is very important to strictly observeskin hygiene rulesand, if possible, eliminateharmful professional and domestic factors.

The normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and good nutrition contribute to the maintenance of good skin condition. Vitamins A, B, D, C, PP play a very important role. Their deficiency can lead to the appearance or exacerbation of many skin diseases, including psoriasis and eczema.

Cleansing of dirt, sebum, sweat, microorganisms and scales requires regular maintenance.skin hygiene rules. Baths lasting up to 15 minutes should be taken at least once a week, and showers without soap and water at room temperature should be taken daily.

Regardless of your skin type, it needs to be hydrated and nourished. But when choosing cosmetics, you need to consider its composition and effect on your skin type.

Nutrient creams contain numerous additives that have a beneficial effect on the vital activity of cells. These are vitamins, extracts, plant juices, beeswax, stone oil, lanolin. Fats and oils that are part of cosmetic preparations, as a rule, are well absorbed and reduce the return of water to the skin, protecting it from drying out. In addition, they prevent the penetration of microbes, and also protect the skin from irritating environmental factors.

An important part of skin hygiene is to maintain the water balance in the skin cells, for which regular use of moisturizing lotions and creams is useful. The moisturizer is universal, and therefore suitable for oily skin, and dry, and especially fading, as it not only moisturizes, but also adds vitamins, biologically active components, fats and other useful substances to the skin layers.

The skin of the face and neck should be washed with warm water. If the skin is thin and dry, sensitive to sunlight and atmospheric influences, then it is better to avoid using soap and use soft water - boiled, rain or tap water with the addition of a quarter teaspoon of baking soda per 1 liter.

Particular attention should be paiddry skin hygiene. It is useful to lubricate dry and wrinkled skin with a nourishing cream after washing, and it is better to wipe oily skin with special lotions instead of washing. In any case, both after washing and after a bath or shower, it is useful to rinse the skin of the face with cold water. It should be remembered that hot water degreases the skin, and very cold water dries it.

Before shaving, it is better to wash with hot water, and after shaving, wipe the skin with 0.5-1% salicylic alcohol. Hands should be washed with soap and water at room temperature.

The skin of the legs (legs, feet) should be washed 2-3 times a week, the genital area and perineum - daily before bedtime.

For proper skin hygiene a contrast shower is useful, which helps well against fatigue, has a beneficial effect on the skin and improves its blood supply due to the periodic constriction and expansion of blood vessels. It should start with warm water, gradually increasing its temperature. Then you should quickly douse yourself with cold. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times and finish it with cool or cold water. Avoid hypothermia and do not use scalding ice water.

Nails should be washed with a brush, trimmed every week, and the subungual space cleaned with a special nail cleaner. It is useful for women to periodically do manicures and pedicures.

It is important to protect the skin from injuries that are the gateway for pyogenic infection. To do this, if necessary, use overalls, protective paste and special detergents.

Subject to skin hygiene rulesit should be borne in mind that fresh air, moderate exposure to sunlight, water procedures, including sea bathing, have a beneficial effect on the skin. They increase the resistance of the skin to external stimuli. Sports and exercise are also helpful.

The skin not only serves as a protective shell of the human body, but also actively interacts with the external environment. In particular, it first of all takes the blow from many irritants - chemical, physical and infectious, many of which are capable of causing numerous pathological processes both on the skin itself and inside the body. Also, often the epithelial cover is the first indicator that something is wrong with our health. Therefore, keeping the skin clean is one of the main points in the complex of hygiene procedures.

Skin functions

Throughout a person's life, the epithelial cover performs many functions aimed at maintaining the health and vitality of the body:

Protective.
Thermoregulatory.
Secretory.
Resorption.
Respiratory.
Participation in the general process of metabolism.
Acting as a sense organ.

Protective function

The skin protects the body from various negative environmental influences that can cause both mechanical and viral damage to internal organs.

thermoregulatory function

The skin largely reacts to temperature changes: in the cold, its vessels constrict, and heat transfer decreases, while in hot weather they expand, sweating and active radiation of excess heat by the body begins.

Secretory and resorption functions

With the secretory function, excess fluid is released in combination with the work of the sebaceous and sweat glands, and with the resorption function, on the contrary, the absorption of the missing amount of water to maintain the natural balance of the body.

Respiratory function

Although a person receives an overwhelming amount of O 2 through the respiratory tract, the skin also participates in the oxygen saturation system - with its help, gas exchange processes are activated.

Skin as a sense organ

The skin reacts to touch, pain, heat and cold and transmits information to the brain through nerve endings. And already on the basis of the results of its processing, a person models the system of his behavior in a given situation.

In order for all of the above functions to be carried out in a stable mode, careful skin care is necessary to avoid disruptions in the body. Skin hygiene, or rather, its rules, has some features for different ages, as well as some common points.

General rules

As a result of pollution and damage, multiple diseases can develop not only the skin, but the whole organism as a whole. In this regard, both children and adults are advised to follow some general skin hygiene rules:

Daily washing and showering;

Use of soft or ph-neutral hygiene products (baby soap, gels, wet wipes, foams);

Regular change of underwear and clothing in direct contact with the skin;

If peeling occurs, it is necessary to lubricate the skin with a moisturizer or a special ointment;

It is unacceptable to mechanically remove abscesses, pimples, overgrown crusts on wounds and scratches;

Regular consumption of plant and dairy foods, vitamins;

Avoid sources that cause allergic skin rashes (food, drinks, animal hair, clothing made from non-natural materials);

In case of skin contact with unknown plants, chemical reagents, if possible, immediately wash the contact area;

Avoid frostbite and chapping of the skin;

Wash your hands regularly with soap;

After water procedures, wipe yourself dry;

If possible, use changeable shoes indoors, avoid sweating or hypothermia of the feet;

Daily walks in the fresh air lasting at least 20-30 minutes;

Moderate sunbathing or quartzing.

As you can see, standard skin hygiene is the implementation of a fairly simple set of rules that neither a child nor an adult should forget about. However, the skin of these two age categories still has some differences, and, therefore, its own care nuances.

Differences between adult and child skin

The skin of a child up to 7-8 years old is more prone to allergic reactions, it is too thin and delicate, unlike an adult. It contains more fat cells and blood. Some functions of children's skin have not yet been fully debugged, however, after 9 years, some stability in the work of the sweat and sebaceous glands begins to appear.

The older a person gets, the sooner the skin begins to fade. Over the years, it is less elastic, not so abundantly filled with blood, the work of the glands slows down or stops altogether. The upper epithelium dries out, due to which wrinkles begin to erupt, pigment spots appear.

In this regard, the hygiene of the child's skin has some features, which should be paid attention to at an early age.

Hygiene rules for a child

It is necessary to take care of the skin of children, starting from the very first weeks of his life. It is hardly worth explaining that at these stages he still does not have sufficient immunity, and all body functions are just beginning to develop.

Hygiene of the skin of a newborn should be carried out very carefully and delicately. It is carried out in accordance with some of the following conditions:

Nightly bathing;

The use of certified cosmetic products for newborns, which do not contain substances that irritate the skin and mucous membranes;

The composition of cosmetics should be absent: phenoxyethanol, sodium hydroxide, ethylene oxide, lauryl sulfates, various preservatives;

When bathing, it is possible to use natural plant extracts or a small amount of herbal oils;

In case of severe pollution, the use of baby lotions is acceptable;

Use of milk for protection from the sun while walking outdoors;

Elimination of dry skin with baby cream or oil;

Regular change of diapers, soiled diapers and clothes;

The use of soft sponges, napkins, cotton swabs and tampons, if possible, leaving no lint;

Careful monitoring of the reactions of the baby's body to environmental factors (the occurrence of itching, allergic reactions, redness, diaper rash).

Skin hygiene for an already grown child should become a familiar item in the daily routine. It is necessary to explain to the baby what non-compliance with elementary rules can lead to. The sooner your child begins to understand the usefulness of these habits, the easier it will be for parents in the future - there will be no need for constant monitoring of, for example, whether the child washed his hands.

Features of adult skin hygiene

Personal hygiene of the skin of an adult also has some features that cannot be ignored:

Bath can be taken 1-2 times a week with daily rinsing in the shower;

If possible, try not to use soap during the shower, especially antibacterial soap - the composition of current products is such that they can eliminate not only harmful microorganisms, but also beneficial ones;

Both men and women equally, regardless of skin type, should use moisturizing and nourishing creams, lotions;

It is best to wash with water at room temperature;

Remember that a contrast shower is extremely useful - it maintains skin tone, elasticity and firmness;

Deep facial cleansing with the use of cosmetics is recommended once a week, for problematic skin - twice;

Shaving will be easier if you rinse your face with hot water before the procedure;

Dull razors are not only ineffective, but also capable of injuring the skin, tearing out hairs;

Do not neglect swimming in a river, lake or sea, but make sure that the water is at a comfortable temperature, and swimming is not prohibited;

All creams, masks and other caring and indelible products are applied only to clean skin without cosmetics.

Hygiene of the scalp

Special attention should be paid to such an issue as skin and hair hygiene. Almost all people (with rare exceptions) have hair on their heads of varying degrees of density. So that the scalp does not suffer, and the hair looks healthy, it is necessary to take care of them no less than the cover on the rest of the body:

Comb your hair regularly and properly;

Use in a sparing mode curlers, curling irons, hair dryers;

Apply special shampoos, masks, balms, oils;

It is best to wash your hair once a week;

Eliminate dandruff at its first manifestations;

If possible, avoid perms and dyes with ammonia.

Unfortunately, in everyday life we do not always pay enough attention to such an aspect as human skin hygiene. It is often forgotten that the main purpose of these rules is not beauty and the preservation of youth, but an increase in the quality of life and life expectancy.