The category of childhood and its problems in the modern world. Problems of modern children Problems of childhood in the modern world

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INTRODUCTION... 3

1 Modern parents and upbringing... 6

2 Consequences of the influence of computers on children ... 10

3 The impact of toys on the spiritual and moral development of the child ... 14

4 Contemporary cartoons and media... 25

CONCLUSION... 30

LIST OF USED SOURCES... 33

Introduction

The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that children in any state of the world are the most valuable resources of the state, the key to its future development. In today's Russia, children under 18 make up 23.3% of the state's population. According to many scientists and analysts, children are the future "human capital", which is one of the main components of not only the individual well-being of each citizen of the state, but also its overall socio-economic growth and development.

An assessment of the social situation of childhood development in our country opens up disappointing changes in all areas of the composite structure of children's personality: physicality, mental manifestations and spiritual being. The general state of physical health of young people (from one to 14 years old) has recently caused concern for teachers, parents, and government agencies. The indicator of mental, mental health is also disappointing: general neuroticism, the number of psychosomatic and mental illnesses increase. Behind the sad statistics, one can see such reasons as: ecology, the use of alcoholic beverages, the state of children's health, etc. Nevertheless, for all the significance of these reasons, they are clearly insufficient and cannot solve all the problems of child development, since they do not take into parameters, mental and moral-spiritual character. The real indicators of spiritual trouble in the field of childhood in our country are: child vagrancy, an increase in juvenile delinquency and child cruelty, the criminalization of children's consciousness, language and way of life, as well as a terrible unprecedented increase in child suicides, starting from the age of six, including group ones.

The basis of these problems lies in the spiritual and moral health and development of children, in violation of the child's attitude to the world: the environment, adults, peers and themselves. From this it follows that purposeful spiritual and moral upbringing and education is needed, recreating the unity of a person, assuming the development of all his forces, sides, observing the hierarchical principle of arranging his personality, in which the ideal, perfect person in him could reveal himself in full.

The main means of spiritual and moral development as education is the formation of an educational environment that spiritually renews and educates the personality, in which an adequate hierarchy of tasks and values ​​of people's lives and the necessary components of their full life activity are laid.

The problems of modern childhood are studied in general psychology, social psychology, developmental and educational psychology, as well as in philosophy, sociology, and other sciences.

The problems of modern childhood are closely intertwined with the spiritual and moral development of society as a whole.

The subject of the research is modern children, their spiritual and moral development.

The object of this research is the problems of modern childhood.

The purpose of the study is to consider the main problems of modern childhood.

Hypothesis. The assumption that you are exploring in this work

The objectives of the study are:

• to consider the main problems of education on the part of parents;
• explore the effects of computers on children;
• to identify the impact of toys on the spiritual and moral development of the child;
• describe the influence of modern cartoons and media.

The theoretical significance of the work lies in the study and reduction of the problems of modern upbringing and raising children, as well as minimizing the negative consequences of the modern environment.

Fragment of the work for review

1 Modern parents and upbringing

Kindergartens can be considered the best solution for working parents. There are many advantages of this preschool institution. But, recently, more and more young mothers, as an alternative to kindergartens, are considering hiring a nanny.

The negative impact of kindergartens is related to many factors, such as: the quality of kindergartens, the amount of time children spend there, the age of the children, the work of employees.

2 Consequences of the influence of computers on children

Today, computer games have replaced the toys they previously loved for modern children: various dolls, soft animals, balls, cubes and other various games. It is reliably known that children who are fond of computer toys spend a large amount of time in front of monitor screens. They “live” in the virtual world, plunging into it, as they say, “with their heads”. They, as it were, are present in the game themselves: they roam the labyrinths, participate in races, fight with a virtual opponent, etc.

3 The impact of toys on the spiritual and moral development of the child

The toy is one of the fundamental inventions of human life; it serves to transfer the experience of many generations. In Russian traditions, it combines various periods of historical development, as well as several generations of a family: grandfathers, great-grandfathers - grandparents - with parents and children.

Toys are a tool of socialization, a kind of link between children and the objective world, as well as a part of children's games.

4 Contemporary cartoons and media

Today, psychologists and educators are increasingly confronted with the distortion of children's behavior. On the one hand, there are stiffness and underdevelopment of speech. On the other hand, there are: pronounced aggressiveness and demonstrative behavior. Such children are afraid to answer questions, but at the same time, they do not hesitate to make faces in front of strangers. Their behavior is uncontrollable, there is hyperexcitability and inattention, models of bad behavior are attractive to them, and they seem not to hear adults.

CONCLUSION

The life of all modern people consists of endless fuss and daily stress, which is associated with congestion at work and the pursuit of material well-being.

It is much harder for a working parent to raise a child than for those who are not employed. Parents who leave early in the morning for work and come back when the kids are ready to go to bed are always tormented by the guilt that their kids are abandoned and left to their own devices all day.

It is time for children over the age of three to gradually learn to communicate with their peers. But kindergarten education cannot replace the love and care of the family, and you cannot rely entirely on kindergarten teachers to teach your children everything they need.

Bibliography

1. Abramenkova V. What do our children play /V. Abramenkov. - M .: Publishing house "Lepta book", 2010.
2. Aleksandrov, V. V. Intellect and computer / V. V. Aleksandrov. - St. Petersburg: Anatolia Publishing House, 2004.
3. Bodker, S. Interaction of a person with a computer from the position of the theory of activity / S. Bodker // Psychological journal. - 1993. - No. 4.-S. 71-81.
4. Bordovskaya, N.V. Psychology and Pedagogy: Textbook for High Schools. Third generation standard / N.V. Bordovskaya, S.I. Rosum. - St. Petersburg: Piter, 2013. - 624 p.
5. All secrets // Computer and health - http://vse-sekrety.ru/15-kompyuter-i-zdorove.html

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* The category of work is estimated in accordance with the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the material provided. This material, neither in its entirety, nor any of its parts, is a finished scientific work, final qualification work, scientific report or other work provided for by the state system of scientific certification or necessary for passing an intermediate or final certification. This material is a subjective result of processing, structuring and formatting the information collected by its author and is intended primarily to be used as a source for self-preparation of the work on this topic.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

OF THE DRAFT STRATEGY FOR ACTION IN THE INTEREST OF CHILDREN FOR 2012 - 2017 IN THE IRKUTSK REGION.

"Juvenile justice in Russia is categorically unacceptable."
Commissioner for Children's Rights under the President of the Russian Federation Pavel Astakhov in an interview with Interfax on December 13, 2012.

"I support and will continue to support the system of juvenile justice and social patronage."
Commissioner for Children's Rights under the Governor of the Irkutsk Region S. Semenova in an interview with the newspaper "Vostochno-Sibirskaya Pravda" November 20, 2012.

INTRODUCTION
JUVENAL JUSTICE, JUVENAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PUBLIC REACTION.
CONTRADICTION OF THE TERMS USED IN THE STRATEGY.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT OF THE STRATEGY IN EXAMPLES.
The main problems in the field of childhood.
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STRATEGY.
The presumption of family guilt.
Separate from the family consideration of the child.
Priority of international law over Russian family law.
Control over budget financing of social programs.
FINDINGS.
INFORMATION SOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

The problems of the family, childhood and upbringing must attract the close attention of the citizens of the Russian Federation, since they concern everyone to one degree or another. The development, discussion and adoption of documents affecting the listed problems should take place in the maximum possible open environment, and any changes should be made delicately and without shocks. Each innovation should be fully justified, taking into account, on the one hand, the existing world experience, and, on the other hand, the specifics of Russia and its regions. Preparation of "raw" documents by any date in a short time is unacceptable.

Unfortunately, in the case of the draft “Strategy of Actions for Children for 2012-2017 in the Irkutsk Region” (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy), signs of a “raw” document can be found:

1. Insufficient level of information about the Strategy. According to various reports, initially, public discussions were given from 3 to 10 days, which is not enough to make comments on such a serious document. Such a statement of the issue forced members of the public to hold a protest action and collect signatures under an appeal to the Governor of the Irkutsk Region S.V. Eroshchenko with a demand to suspend the adoption of the Strategy for its wide public discussion.

2. Lack of discussion in popular and authoritative media in the region. In fact, this analysis is the only attempt known to the authors to systematize and substantiate claims to the Strategy.

3. Inconsistency of the priorities set in the section "main problems in the field of childhood", a real problem situation in the Irkutsk region. These problems are described in the General remarks on the strategy section.

4. The terms used in the text of the Strategy are not defined.. This creates the danger of their double interpretation. This is discussed in more detail in the section “Inconsistency in terms used in the strategy”.

5. The strategy can detect errors and misinterpretation of statistical data. Specific examples are given in the Critical Analysis of the Strategy Text in Examples section.

The compilers of this analysis consider it their duty to uphold traditional family values, actively exercising their civil rights for the widest possible discussion of family and childhood problems. Activists of the "Irkutsk City Parents' Committee" and the Irkutsk branch of the All-Russian public organization "The Essence of Time" have experience in resisting various juvenile initiatives that, in our opinion, can harm or are already harming our society and state.

Unfortunately, in connection with the requirements of the developers of the Strategy to urgently provide critical comments, this document presents only a small part of the available comments.

JUVENAL JUSTICE, JUVENAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PUBLIC REACTION.

Before proceeding to a specific description of the comments on the Strategy, we consider it necessary to consider the issue of introducing juvenile technologies and the entire system of juvenile justice in Russia and to characterize the socio-political situation associated with legislative initiatives in this area.

Juvenile justice is often understood only as specialized judiciary and juvenile justice. One could talk about such juvenile justice 100 years ago. Currently, juvenile justice, as it has developed in Western countries, is a legal system that includes a regulatory framework, specialized bodies, including non-state ones, carrying out actions based on procedures established by law, aimed at realizing and ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the child. . The existing system of juvenile justice includes a whole complex of non-judicial bodies and technologies, and juvenile courts are only a part of this system.

In the Russian Federation, from the moment of its creation, relying on Western experience, separate juvenile technologies are gradually being introduced. Recently, especially in 2012, there has been a trend towards the finalization of the juvenile justice system in Russia. What is the experience of this system in Western countries, from which we take an example? The main features of juvenile justice are as follows:

· The child is separated from the family, he is considered as a separate subject of law. The state, not the parents, becomes the protector of the rights and interests of the child. In fact, the priority of the rights of the child over the rights of all other categories of citizens, including parents, is formalized.
· Prohibition of any form of violence against children. Moreover, the concept of violence is highly perverted. Violence refers to anything, including ordinary educational measures and even excessive love.
· The almost complete absence of punishment of minors for committing illegal acts.
· Blurred wording in normative documents, which formalizes extremely broad powers to remove children from the family. The reason for the removal of children can be the appeal of the child himself, and the complaint of any person.

The experience of using the juvenile justice system in Western countries is mostly very negative. Examples of the operation of this system are on everyone's lips. This is the seizure of 4 children, including a newborn, in Finland from Anastasia Zavgorodnya for a slap on the pope. This is a seizure in France due to the “suffocating maternal love” of Natalia Zakharova’s daughter. Examples of actions against Russian citizens are given, but this applies not only to our compatriots abroad. According to French experts, out of 2 million social orphans in France, about 1 million have been taken away illegally. In fact, there is a presumption of family guilt. Children are first seized, and then parents must prove their innocence. On average, in Western countries, guardianship authorities remove about 5% of all children from families. The removal of children by guardianship authorities leads to an increase in the number of suicides, both among parents and among children. Extremely lenient treatment of juvenile delinquents leads to an increase in adult-led juvenile delinquency. Paris and other European capitals were actually swept by a wave of child crime. In no country in the world, juvenile justice has led to a decrease in juvenile delinquency, on the contrary, according to statistics in calm Scandinavian countries with a developed juvenile system, juvenile delinquency has increased 20 times in recent years. The result of the juvenile justice system is the destruction of the family, the unwillingness to have children. In Germany, in September 2012, protests were held in several large cities by parents who suffered from German guardianship authorities using juvenile technologies. In Finland, the anti-fascist committee is fighting juvenile justice, calling it a modern covert form of fascism.

It is not surprising that the introduction of the juvenile justice system in Russia causes large-scale public protest. During the introduction of this system, the experience of its functioning in Western countries is absolutely not voiced. The introduction is carried out by copying Western approaches and under Western patronage. Representatives of UNICEF and the Council of Europe participate in the consideration of normative documents by our legislators. Recent documents, including the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012-2017 and the bills, briefly called “On Social Patronage” and “On Public Control”, directly refer to European and international legislation and prescribe the need to refine Russian legislation in accordance with international . Such a "political" approach, without the necessary analysis of the existing experience, causes public indignation. The national strategy was signed in just 3 days, and the society did not have time to react in time. But there was a serious struggle with respect to these bills. A wave of protest actions swept across the country, the Izvestia newspaper published an open letter to the President of the Russian Federation, signed by 42 prominent figures of science and culture, subsequently the number of signatories increased to 147. More than 141 thousand signatures against the adoption of these bills. All this led to the fact that the consideration of problematic bills was postponed indefinitely.

Now in the Irkutsk region, despite the scale of the protest in the country, a Regional Action Strategy for Children is being adopted, which is based on the National Strategy, and in addition directly refers to the Council of Europe Strategy for the Protection of the Rights of the Child for 2012-2015, and in general to European acts and norms of international law. That is, it is planned not only at the federal level, but also at the level of the Irkutsk region, a full-scale introduction of Western juvenile technologies. At the same time, the text of the Draft Regional Strategy is very crude and raises a lot of questions. Those. there is a "political" approach to the process of adopting this document. This has already caused indignation of the population of the Irkutsk region. On November 17, a picket was held in Irkutsk demanding to postpone the adoption of the Regional Strategy and ensure its wide public discussion. On November 20, the Governor of the Irkutsk region was given an appeal with the same requirements, which were signed by 1805 citizens of the Irkutsk region. In the future, the protest will only grow.
Is there a real need for the adoption of the Regional Strategy in the described socio-political situation? If so, is it advisable to adopt a "raw" document in a hurry, thus causing a legitimate protest of citizens?

CONTRADICTION OF THE TERMS USED IN THE STRATEGY.

The question of the terms used is relevant, primarily from the point of view that the Strategy is being considered, which should set development goals and describe measures to achieve them. But the use of terms without a formal definition does not make it possible to assess the adequacy of the proposed goals and activities, and also creates grounds for abuse in the implementation of the Strategy in practice.
We list some of these definitions.
- family trouble
- social infrastructure to help and assist families and children
- difficult life situation
- the desire of adults to manipulate the opinion of the child
- child abuse

Let's take a closer look at the term "child abuse". The question about the criteria for cruelty was repeatedly asked to senior officials of the guardianship authorities and the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Irkutsk Region. No clear answers were received. Obviously, the drafters of the Strategy take this wording for granted. However, it becomes clear from the example below that this is far from the case. The fate of specific children and families will depend on the specific content of key concepts.

To do this, we cite the opinion expressed by Elena Timoshina, senior researcher at the Research Center No. 1 at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in the report “What is child abuse?” at the XX Christmas Readings (section "Juvenile Justice: New Aspects") Timoshina analyzes methodological recommendations No. 18 on the prevention of child abuse and domestic violence, which he refers to in his articles Regulations for Interdepartmental Cooperation on Identifying Family Trouble, Organizing Work with Disadvantaged families. Further quote:

“In this regard, I would like to note some of the provisions of the Guidelines for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Domestic Violence [Guidelines No. 18], (compiled not by psychologists, not teachers, not lawyers, but by pediatricians, in particular, signed by the chief pediatrician of the Health Committee Government of Moscow A.G. Rumyantsev back in 2000).

The methodological recommendations are addressed to a fairly wide range of people, including law enforcement officials, however, as instructions for implementation, they are recommended to employees of healthcare, education, social protection of the population to take "adequate effective measures to protect the rights of the child in their daily activities." The document explains which, in the opinion of its drafters, there are "the most common forms of child abuse." The guidelines refer to the international statistical classification of diseases and highlight: physical, psychological, moral, sexual cruelty, child neglect, as well as the syndrome of unspecified child abuse.

Moral cruelty, according to methodological recommendations, is manifested due to the lack of food, clothing, housing, medical care appropriate for the age and needs of the child; lack of care and supervision of the child; lack of attention and love for the child, and other circumstances.

“Most often, the basic needs of children are neglected by parents or persons replacing them: alcoholics; drug addicts; young parents who do not have parenting skills; parents with a low socio-economic standard of living; having chronic diseases, disability; survivors of childhood abuse; socially isolated."

To the external manifestations of the consequences of moral cruelty, methodological recommendations include:

lagging behind in weight and height from peers;
Pediculosis, scabies;
frequent "accidents", purulent and chronic infectious diseases;
advanced caries;
lack of vaccinations;
delayed speech and mental development;
Messy clothes
tired sleepy appearance of the child, pale face, swollen eyelids;
In infants diaper rash and rashes.

Among the features of the behavior of children, allegedly indicating the moral violence of their parents towards them, the recommendations list: inability to play; constantly seeking attention or participation; extremes of behavior - infantilism or acceptance of the role of an adult, behavior in a "pseudo-adult manner", aggressiveness or isolation, hyperactivity or depression, indiscriminate friendliness or unwillingness to communicate; cruelty to animals; masturbation, rocking in chairs, sucking fingers, etc. (the list of signs is not exhaustive).

verbal threats against the child, constant criticism of the child;
deprivation of the child of social contacts;
presenting excessive demands to the child that do not correspond to his age or abilities;

The characteristics of children subjected to emotional (psychological) violence, according to the compilers of the guidelines, are:

Children's inability to concentrate
Poor performance
· low self-esteem;
Anger, aggression
neurosis, enuresis, tics, obesity, skin diseases, asthma, etc.”

It is quite obvious that 100% of all children and parents fall under the above criteria of "abuse", depending on the specific life situation. Accordingly, if the workers of the social services of the Irkutsk region begin to be guided in their activities, for example, by the document indicated above, this will mean a declaration by the state of war to destroy the institution of the family.

The parent community of the Irkutsk region wants to know exactly what the developers of the Strategy mean by the terms indicated at the beginning of the section.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT OF THE STRATEGY IN EXAMPLES.

Statistics show that over the past 5-7 years there has been a positive trend in almost all indicators characterizing the situation in the sphere of family, motherhood and childhood in the Irkutsk region. With the improvement since the beginning of the 00s of the economic well-being of the majority of the country's population, the main social indicators have also improved.

According to the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, in the Irkutsk region in recent years, the situation with medical care for citizens has significantly improved, mortality (including child mortality) has decreased, the number of marriages has increased, the birth rate is growing, the number of abortions is decreasing, the number of suicide.

It is also impossible not to note the improvement in indicators directly related to children: the number of minor victims has significantly decreased; the number of juveniles who have committed criminal and administrative offenses has decreased manifold; the number of child victims of criminal encroachments is steadily decreasing.

These data partially agree with those presented in the Strategy. The document states that most of the real problems in the field of childhood have economic and social causes:

• low income of parents and, as a result, general poverty of families, especially those with many children;
high level of alcoholism, both adults and minors.

To this we can add the lack of effective measures to ensure a healthy moral background in society on the part of the state (the dominance of corrupting and corrupting children programs on TV and materials on the Internet, unimpeded access of minors to alcohol and tobacco, etc.), a high level of divorces in the Irkutsk region.

Despite the emerging trends, when analyzing the Strategy, it turns out that the authors deliberately create a general unfavorable picture in the field of childhood problems. Often, statistics are distorted, misinterpreted or biased, with a conscious emphasis on the supposedly ever-increasing threat to childhood from the family and parents.

So, on page 2 of the Strategy, the following data is given:

… in 2011 there were 131 cases of child suicide, which is 13.3% more than in 2008.

The authors of the strategy further emphasize that one of the important causes of child suicide is an unhealthy situation in the family and insufficient attention of parents to the problems of children, the fault of parents is fixed. In support of this thesis, data on childhood suicides are given. But this comparison is only for two years that are not the closest, as if there were no 2009 and 2010. And there is something to pay attention to:

According to the statistics of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Irkutsk Region, in 2011 there were 131 cases of child suicide (in 2010 - 166, in 2009 - 160, in 2008 - 98). (Report of the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Irkutsk region on the observance of the rights of the child in 2011).

There are also data from the Territorial Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Irkutsk Region, indirectly confirming the opposite general dynamics in the Irkutsk Region.

Accordingly, we have the right to conclude that the data given in the Strategy do not give a complete picture of what is happening and distort the true state of affairs.

The death of a child who kills himself is, of course, always terrible, and our region is one of the first places in the country in the number of child suicides. But this is not a reason to start a hysteria about an “epidemic of child suicides” out of the blue. The fact that almost every such case is loudly promoted by the media plays into the hands of those who want to inflate the fire of human indignation, which often make their ratings based on human grief.

The next important point is how the authors of the document are trying to present the general situation with violence and cruelty towards children in the Irkutsk region.

... Child abuse is unacceptably widespread, including physical, emotional, sexual abuse of children, neglect of their basic needs.

… Another of the acute and urgent problems today is the problem of violence against children and cruel treatment of them. A significant part of the crimes against the life, health and sexual integrity of children is committed in the family, as well as by persons legally obliged to take care of the child.

The wording leaves no room for ambiguity. According to the authors, the Irkutsk region has been overwhelmed by a wave of child abuse, and the family is portrayed as one of the main sources of this danger. Well, let's try to understand the validity of these statements.

… According to the results of work in 2011 in the Irkutsk region, guardianship and guardianship authorities took away 120 children from their parents at a direct threat to life or health, 47 cases of child abuse were identified.

47 detected cases per year with a total number of children over half a million - do these data indicate that children in our region are treated cruelly "unacceptably widely"? Evidence confirming rampant domestic violence against children is not presented by the authors. As we have shown above, the statistics show a constant decrease in negative trends, the number of illegal acts against minors in the Irkutsk region is steadily declining. There is a situation when, out of a small number, but blatant in cruelty and inhumanity, the number of cases of child abuse, they are trying to make the whole picture of family relationships gloomy.

In confirmation of the positive dynamics, we find data in the very text of the Strategy:

“During 8 months of 2012, police officers of the region initiated 86 criminal cases on the facts of improper performance by parents of the duties of raising minors, associated with systematic child abuse. In 2009, 359 such crimes were detected, in 2010 - 260, and in 2011 - 162.

A clear decrease in negative trends, and, as can be seen from the statistics, a multiple. However, the authors of the document are trying to distort the real state of affairs. On page 5 we read:

“More than fifteen thousand people are brought to administrative responsibility for the failure of legal representatives to fulfill their duties for the upbringing and maintenance of children”.

Terrible numbers, where did they come from? Only a person who is closely familiar with the topic is clear that this example is not about the Irkutsk region, but about the situation in the country as a whole. The above passage is copied in full from the text of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children and inserted in the context of data on the situation in the Irkutsk region. As a result, the reader may get the wrong impression that the situation with violence against children is catastrophic. We consider this to be one of the numerous attempts of unscrupulous coverage of the problem and manipulation of public opinion by the authors of the Strategy.

“In 2011, 1,793 teenagers were brought to criminal responsibility for committing crimes”.

Why do the authors of the document not give a complete picture of the dynamics of incidents over the years? Obviously because the dynamics here are positive. Compared to 2008, there was a 2-fold decrease in criminal offenses by minors (see the corresponding chart).

A close examination of the document reveals absolutely egregious facts of arbitrary treatment of figures.

... Unfortunately, the number of orphans and children left without parental care in the total number of children in the Irkutsk region has been increasing over the past 3 years (at the beginning of 2010 - 4.1%, at the beginning of 2011 - 4 %).

How is it, why suddenly 4 became more than 4.1? Due to the demographic decline of past years, the total number of children in the Irkutsk region has been steadily falling in recent years, which gives every reason to draw the opposite conclusion - the number of disadvantaged children is not increasing, but decreasing. And if the authors have data for three years, then why are they only given for two? Obviously, the drafters of the Strategy are not always guided by the principles of good faith, the desire to necessarily show negative dynamics often defeats even common sense.

... The problems of teenage alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse are acute: almost a quarter (36.5%) of crimes are committed by minors in a state of intoxication.

This passage deserves special attention. Not only is it a complete copy of the "National Strategy ...", but also a quarter of the authors of the document is 36.5%! And the fact, meanwhile, requires special conclusions - young people in the region consume dope much more than their peers in the country. Is this not a reason to sound the alarm? As it turns out, no. The authors of the strategy do not attribute this moment to the main problems in the field of childhood.

However, this is not all. Further reading of the document on page 35 reveals that:

…201 teenagers (22.9%) committed crimes in 2011 while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

And what data to trust? The difference between 36.5 and 22.9 is too significant to be attributed to an error. In our opinion, the above passages indicate the haste with which the Strategy was written. There is a negligence in the handling of statistical data, the inconsistency of the data presented in the document.

... The regional statistics of juvenile delinquency, with a reduction in absolute indicators, nevertheless indicates an unfavorable state in the teenage environment. Juvenile delinquency is on the rise. So, if in 2007 the district courts of the Irkutsk region convicted 1,982 teenagers, then in 2011 - 878. However, in 2007, out of the indicated number of convicts, 14.8% of minors had an unexpunged or outstanding conviction, while in 2011 this indicator increased to 21.7%.

Recalculating the given data, we get 293 relapses in 2007 and 191 in 2011. Therefore, in absolute terms, there is a decrease. We can talk about the strengthening of trouble in the teenage environment only if the overall picture of juvenile delinquency is stable or tends to increase. Against the background of a general decrease in crimes, a temporary surge in the relative number of relapses is easy to explain - this occurs disproportionately to the general trend, since the time factor is not considered. Relapses come from past crimes, which, according to statistics, are more in 2007 than in 2011. Therefore, this statistic does not indicate anomalous recidivism problems and calls into question the special emphasis on the problem of recidivism.

Having considered the above examples, we can assume that the authors of the Strategy present the situation with childhood problems exclusively in black colors for a specific purpose. This goal, in our opinion, is found in the following passage from the Strategy on page 5:

… measures taken in the region in the field of organizing individual preventive work in relation to families and minors who are in a socially dangerous situation have reduced their number by 28% compared to 2011, but the situation remains quite serious and requires adoption even more drastic measures in the organization of systematic work to prevent family problems based on interagency cooperation and continuity.

It is not difficult to assume that “cardinal measures” mean the expansion of the powers of the guardianship and guardianship authorities - the developers of this document - in order to more actively interfere in the affairs of the family. This testifies to the general juvenile orientation of the Strategy, which tries to provide justification for building relationships between children and state bodies, bypassing parents.

The main problems in the field of childhood.

After listing the statistical data, describing the general situation in the field of childhood in the Irkutsk region and listing the actions taken by state bodies, the authors of the document come to the key point - highlighting the "Main Problems in the Field of Childhood". Key because, based on these major problems, the authors will further propose the Action Strategy for 2012-2017 itself. So, the key issues are:

1. Insufficient effectiveness of existing mechanisms for ensuring and protecting the rights and interests of children, failure to comply with international standards in the field of children's rights.

2. High risk of poverty at the birth of children, especially in large and single-parent families.

3. Prevalence of family problems, child abuse and all forms of violence against children.

4. Low efficiency of preventive work with dysfunctional families and children, widespread practice of deprivation of parental rights.

5. Social exclusion of vulnerable categories of children (orphans and children left without parental care, disabled children and children in a socially dangerous situation).

6. Social infrastructure that does not meet modern needs to provide assistance and assistance to families and children who find themselves in a difficult life situation, necessary to solve problems, eliminate the causes and conditions for their occurrence.

7. The growth of new risks associated with the dissemination of information that is dangerous for children.

8. Lack of effective mechanisms to ensure the participation of children in public life, in resolving issues that directly affect them.

In our opinion, the main problems of children are identified incorrectly. And the above analysis of the text of the strategy suggests that when identifying the main problems, the authors of the Strategy did not start from the real situation, from real statistics, but formulated the problems based on their opinion and their wishes. Now let's look at these points in more detail.

1. The Russian Federation is a sovereign independent state. The main law of the country is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which clearly regulates the basic rights and obligations of children and parents, guarantees the inviolability and protection of the family, motherhood and childhood. Substantially, these issues are regulated by the Family Code of the Russian Federation and a number of other regulatory legal acts. It is to these documents that attention should be paid when drawing up the Strategy, and not at all to international standards, which are not clear how to implement on our territory. This issue is discussed in more detail in the “General remarks on the Strategy” section.

2. Of course, poverty and low living standards are one of the main problems of the modern Russian family. We fully support highlighting this problem as a priority.

3. It is not entirely clear what the authors of the strategy mean by “family trouble”. We believe that this point requires additional decoding. Most likely, we are talking about the negative aspects of family life - conflicts, scandals, divorces. If so, then this is indeed one of the main dangers for the Russian family and requires preventive assistance from the state. Maltreatment and violence against children in the family are not priority problems. As we have shown above, isolated cases of cruelty and neglect should not give rise to discredit the entire institution of the family.

4. Statistics, if they do not completely refute, then at least do not confirm the low efficiency of the work of the responsible authorities in relation to dysfunctional families. As has been repeatedly said by both federal and local officials, the existing system allows to effectively solve the problems of impact on dysfunctional families.

6. Along with the “new risks”, by which the authors obviously understand the dissemination and uncontrolled access by minors to negative information on the Internet, there are also a large number of old and well-known risks: a lot of corrupting and corrupting information in the media; availability of alcohol, tobacco and drugs; lack of proper control over visits by children and adolescents to "adult" establishments, etc. We believe that this point should be as specific as possible.

7. This issue, in our opinion, definitely does not belong to the category of “main problems”. There are more important areas in which the state should spend the time of its employees and budget money.

GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STRATEGY.

Presumption of family guilt.

From the text of the Draft Regional Strategy, in fact, the presumption of guilt of the family follows. In support of this statement, the following quotes from the text of the strategy can be cited.

Child abuse is unacceptably widespread, including physical, emotional, sexual abuse of children, neglect of their basic needs.(page 4).

This phrase is framed by data on the number of children removed from families and the number of parents held accountable. Therefore, it is logical to refer it to the family, although the scale of domestic violence on average in the country is estimated at 5% of the total violence against children, i.e. 95% of violence takes place outside the family. The total number of affected children in the family is estimated at 0.02% of all children in the country.

... in the data bank on families and minors in a socially dangerous situation, was ...(page 5).

Providing for all children a safe and comfortable family environment, in which the rights of the child are respected and any form of abuse is excluded from him.(page 12).

A significant part of the crimes against the life, health and sexual inviolability of children is committed in the family, as well as by persons legally obliged to take care of the child.(page 36).

These are only a small part of the quotes, but they are enough to form the idea that a real threat to children lurks in the family. Not on the streets and crossroads, not in doorways and passages, not in clubs and discos, not in any other places, namely in the family. The family does not have a safe and comfortable environment, and the state has to deal with its provision. Thus, a presumption of family guilt is formed. Moreover, dysfunctional families are not mentioned here, therefore, this applies to any family.

Consideration of the child separate from the family.

Unlike the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which say that “motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state”, “care for children, their upbringing is an equal right and duty of parents” (clauses 1 and 2, art. 38 Constitution of the Russian Federation), “Family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood in the Russian Federation are under the protection of the state. Family law proceeds from the need to strengthen the family, build family relations on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members, the inadmissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone in family affairs ... ”(clause 1, article 1 of the RF IC). “Parents have the right and duty to raise their children” (clause 1, article 63 of the RF IC). In the Draft Regional Strategy, children are mainly considered separately from the family, as subjects of law. For example, several quotes from the Draft Strategy can be cited.

… protecting the rights of every child, ensuring timely (at an early stage) response and taking the necessary set of measures …(page 12)

In accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to ensure children's access to justice, regardless of their procedural legal capacity and status, which will contribute to the creation of child-friendly justice.(page 33)

Raising citizenship in children, expanding their knowledge in the field of human rights.(page 41)

Development and implementation of improved educational programs that provide children with knowledge in the field of human rights and the rights of the child, with the inclusion of a special section on the practical application of the acquired knowledge.(page 41)

It is noteworthy that the legislator puts the education of citizenship on a par with "human rights", and not on a par with the education of patriotism, love for the Motherland, the education of a citizen's responsibility to the state and society. Thus, the Draft Strategy does not talk about raising a child, as a result of which he should become a full-fledged adult member of society, but only about protecting his rights and obligatory familiarizing him with the rights and ways to implement them. A one-sided approach to protecting rights without clarifying obligations, educating responsibility leads to the growth of an overly individualized, asocial personality.

Since the strategy talks about the family mainly as a threat, it is understood that the protection of rights should be carried out by the state without the participation of parents. The child is given the opportunity to be a full-fledged subject of "adult" relations, and, in essence, the subject of the decomposition of family foundations from the inside. This in no way contributes to the strengthening of the family prescribed in the Family Code, building family relations on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members. On the contrary, it destroys the authority of parents and teachers, which is necessary for the upbringing of a full-fledged personality, and destroys family relationships.

Priority of international law over Russian family law.

One of the priorities of the Strategy is to bring the current legislation of the Irkutsk region in line with international standards. Throughout the text of the document, there are constant references to various international conventions and rules, calls to follow them and guidelines to change regional legislation in accordance with them.

When reading some sections of the Strategy, one may get the impression that the Irkutsk Region is an independent subject of international law or is directly subordinate to foreign and international organizations. In particular, page 40 mentions the Council of Europe Strategy for the Protection of the Rights of the Child for 2012-2015, a document regulating the activities of foreign state bodies that in no way has any relation to the Irkutsk region, as a subject of the Russian Federation, or to the Russian Federation itself. Conventions and other international documents are mentioned in different sections of the Strategy a total of 7 times, while the main law of the country - the Constitution of the Russian Federation - only 2 times.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in its ruling (N 875-О-О dated May 26, 2011) indicates that the Family Code of the Russian Federation is a specification of the provision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the state protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood. Consequently, it is these documents - the Constitution and the Family Code of the Russian Federation - that the drafters of the Strategy should be guided by, as fundamental documents regulating childhood issues.

The document also contains a number of proposals, the implementation of which is in direct conflict with the current Russian legislation. In particular, page 33 of the Strategy states:

…In accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to ensure children's access to justice, regardless of their procedural legal capacity and status, which will contribute to the creation of child-friendly justice.

Since the mentioned international obligations are not directly named in this passage, it can be assumed that we are talking about the European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights, which states in particular:

Article 5. Other possible procedural rights

The Parties shall consider the possibility of granting children additional procedural rights in the course of legal proceedings affecting their interests, in particular:

(a) The right to request assistance from an appropriate person, whom the children themselves choose, to help them express their opinion;

b) the right to apply in person, or through other persons or through other bodies, for the appointment of an independent representative, in appropriate cases, a lawyer;

c) the right to apply for the appointment of his own representative;

d) the right to exercise all or part of the powers of a party in such proceedings.

We find indirect confirmation of this on page 41 of the Strategy:

…bringing the normative legal acts of the Irkutsk region in line with the European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights.

This convention by the Russian Federation not ratified, which makes it impossible to use it as a source of law on the territory of the Irkutsk region. Moreover, the quoted passage of the Convention contradicts the Family Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Control over budget financing of social programs.

Taking into account the social and public importance of the Strategy, one cannot but note the public's concern about the correctness of the priorities in the distribution of budgetary funds among the proposed implementers of specific provisions of the Strategy. The document repeatedly points out the need to involve various specialized non-profit organizations in the projects of the Strategy. In various sections of the document, it is assumed, in particular:

…increasing the availability of services for families with children through the active development and support of the sector of specialized non-profit organizations;

continuing to reform institutions for orphans and children left without parental care, by dividing them up, creating conditions in them close to family ones, taking into account international standards and modern methods of development, education, rehabilitation of orphans and children left without parental care, with the active participation of volunteers and non-profit organizations;

...development and implementation, with the participation of the non-profit sector, of a program to prepare pupils of institutions for orphans and children left without parental care for independent life after their stay in them;

... ensuring social partnership with non-profit organizations in matters of post-boarding support and adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons from among them.

These concerns are well founded. The fact is that a number of co-authors of the discussed draft Strategy are at the same time heads of NGOs receiving funds from the budget of the Irkutsk region, that is, in our opinion, they have a direct interest in promoting the implementation of certain programs.

Thus, a member of the Commission on Human Rights under the Governor of the Irkutsk Region, a member of the Public Chamber of the Irkutsk Region and at the same time the Chairman of the Expert Council under the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Irkutsk Region, Sadovnikova M.N., is one of the co-authors of the draft strategy. Meanwhile, the structures controlled by Ms. Sadovnikova, the Youth Foundation for Human Rights Defenders “Yuventa” and the ANO “Irkutsk Mediation Center”, received a total of 2,252,000 and 2,162,000 rubles from the budget of the Irkutsk region in 2011-12 only within the framework of the “Point of Support” program, respectively. Auctions held with the participation of these organizations were declared invalid in all cases, due to the fact that each of these organizations has always been the only participant. However, state funding for these organizations has been provided in full.

Having carefully read the text of the Strategy, we also find constant references to the need to create so-called reconciliation services (pp. 38, 42), including in general education schools. These services are supposed to be created using mediation technologies. ANO "Irkutsk Mediation Center" is, in our opinion, the main candidate for the development of funds from future programs. There is every reason to believe so: at the moment, headed by M.N. Sadovnikova ANO "Irkutsk Mediation Center" with the support of the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Irkutsk Region S.N. Semenova is already implementing a number of pilot projects in several educational institutions. Meanwhile, the involvement of this particular structure in working with children, according to our data, is in no way justified either from a methodological or from a legal point of view. The criterion on the basis of which this particular organization is allowed to work with children is not clear; according to our data, no corresponding competitions have been held.

It is necessary to prevent conflicts of interest, tribalism and non-transparency in the distribution of public funds.

Recognizing the correctness of the inclusion of NGOs in activities to protect the family, motherhood and childhood, it is necessary to point out, firstly, the priority of state institutions over private ones in obtaining appropriate funding. Secondly, to designate the provision of an adequate level of competition between non-profit organizations - recipients of budgetary funds, so that those that can provide the best performance of relevant services to the population receive state funding. Thirdly, to provide for an appropriate level of state control over the spending of funds by these non-profit organizations. Fourth, to ensure the involvement of NGOs in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

FINDINGS.

From the presented analysis of the text of the Draft Regional Action Strategy for Children for 2012-2017 in the Irkutsk Region, the following disappointing conclusions can be drawn.

1. Based on the statistical data used in the project, unfounded conclusions are mainly drawn, in accordance with which, in turn, tasks are formulated. Those. the actions proposed in the Draft Regional Strategy do not correspond to the situation that is developing in the sphere of family and childhood.

2. The Draft Strategy contains direct references to specific European legal documents and to acts and norms of international law in general, which in many respects contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Family Code of the Russian Federation. Despite this, the Draft Strategy contains a requirement to bring the normative legal acts of the Irkutsk region in accordance with these norms.

3. The Draft Strategy proposes to use the Western experience of juvenile justice without a corresponding analysis of this experience, which is mostly negative, and the experience of using certain juvenile technologies in our country.

4. The draft strategy actually establishes the presumption of guilt of the family and the priority of the rights of children over other categories of citizens.

5. Children are actually treated separately from the family. The state is responsible for protecting their rights.

6. The strategy is based on the principle of protecting the rights of the child, although our age-old traditions imply the priority of education.

7. The result of the implementation of these points will be the destruction of the authority of parents and teachers, the destruction of the foundations of the family, the growth of discontent in society.

8. The draft regional strategy requires not just adjustments, but serious revision, changes in the basic concept from the protection of children's rights to the protection and support of the family, motherhood and childhood.

Based on the above, and taking into account that the development of such an important document, affecting almost every citizen and resident of the Irkutsk region, should be carried out in the most attentive and accurate way, with the most complete consideration of the opinion of citizens, taking into account Russian traditions in raising a full-fledged person and with reasonable using any experience, and also realizing that the participation of the authors of this critical analysis in solving this problem is clearly not enough, we consider it appropriate to take the following actions in relation to the Draft Regional Strategy:

1. Postpone the adoption of the Regional Strategy.

2. Organize a broad public discussion of the Regional Strategy, including a qualified expert assessment of specialists and society, including specific recommendations for the formation of the Regional Strategy.

3. Revise the Regional Strategy, taking into account the results of public discussion.

INFORMATION SOURCES.

1. "Juvenile justice in Russia is categorically unacceptable - Astakhov."
http://www.interfax-russia.ru/main.asp?id=367812

2. The juvenile petition "Strategy for Action for Children" caused a public outcry.
http://www.vsp.ru/social/2012/11/20/527233

3. The project "Strategy of actions in the interests of children for 2012 - 2017 in the Irkutsk region".
http://society.irkobl.ru/sites/society/news/detail...

4. “A picket against juvenile justice took place in Irkutsk.”
http://www.irk.ru/news/20121119/juvenile/

5. RESOLUTION No. 1/12 Picket against the adoption of the Regional Action Strategy for Children for 2012-2017 in the Irkutsk region.
http://igrk.pravorg.ru/nasha_dejatelnost/view/id/1...

6. Medvedeva I. Shishova T. Legal invasion: what supporters of juvenile justice are silent about. However. No. 20, 2010.
http://www.odnako.org/blogs/show_3072

7. Kommersant Money magazine, No. 42 (899), 10/22/2012. The juvenile delinquent case.
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2035479

8. Irina Medvedeva, Tatyana Shishova and others. Parents - to resign? Moscow, 2009.
http://lib.rus.ec/b/286553

9. Report on the rallies against Juvenile Justice in Germany.

10. Federal Statistical Office of Germany: "Number of preliminary protective measures for children and adolescents", as of 2012.
www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/...

11. Federal Statistical Office of Germany: "Birth rate in Germany", 2012.
www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoel...

12. Johan Beckman. Report at the press conference, Interfax, Moscow, June 01, 2010
http://www.demographia.ru/articles_N/index.html?id...

13. 147 scientists and cultural figures signed a letter regarding the threat of introducing juvenile justice in Russia.

14. Sulakshin S.S., Deeva M.V., Bachurina D.V., Bobrov E.V., Kuropatkina O.V., Netesova M.S., Repin I.V. The problem of foreign cultural juvenile justice in modern Russia. M.: Scientific expert, 2012. - 144 p.

15. SV gave Putin 141,000 signatures against the norms of YuYu.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8p-pU3UpceQ

16. What is child abuse?
http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2012/02/09/chto_takoe...

17. Data from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System.
http://www.fedstat.ru/indicators/start.do

18. Report of the Commissioner for Children's Rights in the Irkutsk region on the observance of the rights of the child in 2011.
http://irdeti.ru/index.php/deyatelnost/ezhegodnye-...

19. The standard of living of the population of the Irkutsk region. Economic and statistical collection. Irkutsk, 2010.

20. National Strategy for Action for Children 2012-2017.
http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70083566/

21. The Constitution of the Russian Federation.
http://www.constitution.ru

22. Family Code of the Russian Federation.
http://www.consultant.ru/popular/family/

23. Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Definition of May 26, 2011 N 875-О-О
http://abexlege.ru/doc/opredelenie-ks.doc

24. European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/eng/Treaties/Htm...

25. Register of published orders. Open auctions in electronic form No. 0134200000112001510, No. 0134200000111002380, No. 0134200000112001509, No. 0134200000111002295
http://zakupki.gov.ru

Prepared by:

Irkutsk branch of the All-Russian
social movement "Essence of time"
and
Irkutsk city parent committee.
December 2012

State Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education (Advanced Training) for Specialists of the Moscow Region Pedagogical Academy of Postgraduate Education
(GOU PEDAGOGICAL ACADEMY)
Department of General and Pedagogical Psychology

Independent work No. 2 on the topic "Features of modern childhood"

performed by the listener
cathedral variable module
"Psychological and pedagogical competence of the teacher"
chemistry and technology teacher
MOU SOSH pos. MIS Podolsk region
Sokova T.V.
Head: Ph.D., Pavlenko T.A.
Moscow 2012

Modern children are called differently and all definitions have a basis.

For example: "Children of the new millennium" - young creatures with unusual mental abilities;

"Children of the Light" - the worldview of children differs from the usual; "Gifted Children" - the level of development is above average (not to be confused with school grades); in France, unusual children, the current generation are called "Teflon Children", because. generally accepted stereotypes of behavior do not stick to them; in America - "Indigo Children".

There are quite a lot of attempts to define modern children, although there is no official term.

All children are born innocent and kind, each child is special. The main task of adults is to help children grow, to reveal their natural talent.

The opinion of modern parents, why there are more and more difficult children:

1. Negative changes in society (advertising, violence on TV);
2. Permissiveness out of guilt in front of children, that little time is devoted to education;
3. The point is outdated methods of education in kindergarten, school, etc.

Children's problems begin at home and can be solved there, parents must understand that it depends only on them how their children will grow up.

The world is changing and so are children. Old methods of upbringing, such as intimidation, shouting or slapping, do not help to establish control over modern children, but kill the child's desire to obey and cooperate, encourage modern children to rebel. Close adults are becoming a problem for today's children. hinder their development. In working with modern children, it is necessary to abandon punishment. The modern child learns everything by imitation, not fear. If a child sees violence or is subjected to it, he will do the same with others. Violence teaches a child in an incomprehensible, difficult situation for him to achieve his goal by violence. Abused children either hate themselves or the world around them: boys become hyperactive, with attention deficit disorder; girls - self-destructive tendencies, low appetite, low self-esteem.

New means of education: cooperation, motivation, control. Modern children need help, but for growth, difficulties are no less necessary, problems from which cannot be protected, but it is necessary to help overcome them.

According to John Gray:

1. A child cannot learn to forgive if he has no one to forgive.
2. A child will not develop patience or the ability to wait for the fulfillment of his desires if you always immediately give him everything he wants.
3. A child will not learn to accept his shortcomings if everyone around him is perfect.
4. A child will not learn to cooperate if everything always goes the way he wants.
5. A child will not develop creative talent if everyone else does it for him.
6. A child will not learn empathy and respect if he does not see that others are hurting and failing.
7. A child will not develop courage and optimism unless he has to face adversity.
8. A child will not develop perseverance and strength if everything comes easy.
9. A child will not learn to correct his mistakes if he does not know difficulties, failures and mistakes.
10. A child will not develop self-esteem and healthy pride if he does not overcome obstacles and achieve something himself.
11. A child will not develop a sense of self-sufficiency if he does not experience feelings of isolation and rejection.
12. A child will not develop a sense of purpose if he does not have the opportunity to resist authority and achieve what he wants.

Difficulties help the child become stronger. When children misbehave, they do not want to obey the will and desires of adults. In order to regain control over the child, he needs to be given a time-out, time to think (4 years - 4 minutes, 15 years - 15 minutes). This is a short-term restriction of freedom, after which the child returns to the desire and the basic attitude that was originally laid down in the child - to bring joy to parents and adults. The old ways of parenting based on fear awaken in today's children a tendency to self-destruction. Children retaliate for violence with academic failure; enslaved children take revenge by inhibition (ZPR, autism), they slow down everything around, block, freeze - this is the reaction of slaves and prisoners. Children should feel that strong, experienced, patient adults are ready to help them at any moment.

From the age of three, systematic education should begin. Naturally, one must start with what is closer to the child, and one must understand that it is not cows and horses that are close to the modern child, which he does not see in his life, but cars, buses, planes. It seems to us that we are showing something very close to him and nature, but in fact for a child this is not at all close, he does not have this, he sees completely different images on the street. We draw this approach to children from past centuries, when they lived on the edge of the forest, there was a house, and everything was in front of the child: flowers, and the sun, and a meadow, and, naturally, all kinds of plants and animals. He was shown a normal living environment. Now what can you show him? Our modern upbringing is not yet adapted to the modern way of life, to where the child is born and grows. The child needs to be shown what he sees in his world, this is where to start. We must change our philosophy, our methodology, our approach to the child. And if we show him animals, then these must be such animals that they really surround him at least a little, so that at least part of his life passes among them. It is not enough to take him to the zoo on a Sunday, this will remain incomprehensible to him.

A degree is a must. From the age of three, a child should begin to understand letters, the alphabet. By the age of four, he should be able to read. From the same age, he must begin to teach the elements of arithmetic. In order to overcome the reluctance to learn, it is necessary to include an element of the game, an element of jealousy, an element of envy, an element of environmental influence. But the most effective tool of education is an example. Moreover, the example set by the father and mother, and not just the peers around him, when a child sees that he is doing the same as adults. And adults should deliberately show that they are engaged in subjects, activities that are very close to what he does.

From all of the above, we can draw the following conclusion: children come into this world with their own intentions and talents, which are clearly manifested from the moment of birth. They can soak up knowledge like a sponge, especially if they enjoy a subject that brings them to a higher level of development in their area of ​​interest. Gaining life experience helps them learn better, so they themselves decide in which area they need to be recruited in order to solve pressing problems or replenish their knowledge. They respond best if you treat them like respectable adults.

With the help of their intuition, they not only perfectly recognize the hidden intentions and motives of other people, but with no less skill can switch the attention of their authors to something else. Often used by them method of psychological "button pressure" leads to the fact that they are considered non-conformists. If they notice an ulterior motive in your attempts to get them to do something, they stubbornly resist and at the same time feel that they are doing absolutely right. From their point of view, if you are not doing your part in maintaining relationships, they have every right to challenge you.

Children are great push buttons: they work with us adults to help us learn how we manipulate our partners. Therefore, if you constantly encounter resistance from children, check yourself first. Perhaps they are holding a mirror in front of you, or in their unapologetic manner asking you to help them set new boundaries, reveal their hidden talents and abilities, or rise to a new level of development.

And so, we can distinguish 10 main features of modern children and their childhood:

1. They are less independent. They do not know how to make decisions, make choices and conclusions without the help of adults, they believe that there is no need for this.
2. Now in the development of children, the emphasis is on the development of memory, and not on verbal-logical and abstract thinking. This is partly due to the preparation for passing the tests. They do not calculate well in their minds, because there are many other devices that will do it for them. A modern child does not even know his neighborhood well, and this affects the development of spatial thinking that they develop at the computer, so they are poorly oriented.
3. The children are very educated. They know more than their parents, and there is a huge difference between them. They easily and quickly perceive information, they have a faster reaction, better developed attentiveness. But writing a school essay is a problem, because you need to collect information, systematize and come up with a plot. Informationally, they mature earlier, and socially - much later. Many graduates are completely dependent.
4. They communicate little, they talk, it is difficult to make contact. If a child is stuck on a computer, then he has big problems with communication, but this does not mean that he will not learn to communicate. He will do this, but a little later or when it is vital.
5. They have a conflict resolution problem. After all, in the yard he had a fight with a friend, and he had to go and put up. On the Internet, you do not need to do this, you can simply not answer, go to another site. And in the end, you don’t know how to put up, or compromise, or cooperate, or talk, or explain yourself.
6. They are shy. The computer does not teach to overcome this complex, only personal communication.
7. They have problems with emotionality, it is not enough. Many do not understand what is bad, painful, very scary. What we experienced at 6-9 years old, modern children experience at 10-12 and more traumatically.
8. These children are less romantic and more pragmatic. Their world is filled with material values.
9. They rarely make independent decisions; their parents decide everything for them.
10. These kids are more talented. They have more opportunities to develop their abilities, starting with early development schools. They can find any information at any time. The modern world is a world of individuals, and these children have everything for its development that children of past generations could only dream of.

The principles of raising modern children can be as follows:

1. While setting boundaries for children to behave, be creative in parenting.

• Let's release their excessive physical energy. Consider this need in any situation.
• Let your child set their own boundaries, not the other way around. Even ask your child about it. You will be surprised when you find out what your child is capable of.

2. Treat children as adults and equals, but do not impose adult responsibilities on them.

• Give children detailed explanations, and also give them the right to express their opinion when making decisions on various issues, and moreover, give them several options to choose from!
• Don't talk down to them.
• Hear them! They are truly wise and know things that you do not know.
• Show them just as much respect as you would your parents or a close, dearly loved friend.

3. If you tell your kids you love them but treat them with disrespect, they won't believe you.

• They won't believe you love them if you treat them disrespectfully. No words in the world can replace the manifestations of sincere love.
• Your lifestyle and your behavior in the family will help clearly answer the child's question, do you love him or not!

4. Communicating with a child is both hard work and a privilege.

Literature:
1. Gray J. Children from Heaven. Education lessons. – Sofia, 2005
2. Campbell R. How to really love children - M., 1990
3. Rean A.A. Psychology of childhood. From birth to 11 years old. - St. Petersburg, 2006
4. Shargunov A. Answers of the Archpriest. // Russian house. 2004.p.46-47

Internet resources:
http://romasky.ru/blog/23402http://ds14-minusinsk.ru/index.php?option=com_quickfaq&view=items&cid=4%3A-&id=21%3A----&Itemid=68
http://www.diets.ru/post/256699/

One of the serious social problems in the post-perestroika period was the family crisis. During the period from 1990 to 1999, the number of children whose parents were deprived of parental rights increased by 1.5 times. The crisis of the family has led to an increase in child homelessness and neglect, child drug addiction and alcoholism, and child crime.

The number of homeless children has increased. Hundreds of thousands of Russian children are deprived of parental warmth and care, often subjected to cruel treatment. A significant part of them became pupils of state institutions (orphanages and boarding schools). According to the General Prosecutor's Office in June 2009, there were 678 thousand children left without parental care in Russia, and only 5% of them are really orphans, the rest are "social orphans" with living parents. Of these, pupils of state institutions - 173.4 thousand people.

The number of actually neglected children cannot be counted statistically, about 440 thousand teenagers are registered with the bodies for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, at the end of 2009 more than 27 thousand children and adolescents were in pre-trial detention centers and colonies.

In Russia, there are almost 30,000 boarding schools for disabled children, 40% of them are officially recognized as "unteachable". As a result of the existing, often formal, procedures for diagnosing a child's mental retardation, thousands of Russian children, instead of the necessary social rehabilitation, find themselves forever isolated from society and deprived of the opportunity to develop normally. Children, as a rule, are placed in state boarding schools, where there are no special programs for development and social rehabilitation. As a result, they degrade even more, they spend their whole lives in a confined space, having no opportunity to communicate with their peers, to lead an emotionally and socially rich life.

Meanwhile, the practice of the work of public organizations with disabled children clearly demonstrates that it is possible to train and develop mentally retarded children. For this purpose, there are a lot of methods and technologies, both Western and Russian. Children recognized as "unteachable" as a result of these classes are quite capable of learning to read, write, use a computer, and master any professional skills.

Every year, about 100,000 children in need of care are identified in Russia. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the number of orphans per every 10,000 children (and according to the Russian State Statistics Committee in 2000, there were almost 40 million children living in the Russian Federation).

One of the most serious problems in Russia is social orphanhood. However, the same as for many Eastern European countries. Among children who are brought up in orphanages and boarding schools, the number of social orphans (in fact, orphans with living parents) is, according to various estimates, from 85 to 95%.

A qualitatively new phenomenon is the so-called "hidden" social orphanhood, the result of which is neglected children. These children formally live in families, but their parents are not engaged in their upbringing, the children are actually left to their own devices, while violations of their rights - to normal living conditions, to the protection of adults, to education, medical care, etc. - are not calculable.

According to the existing legislation of the Russian Federation, graduates and pupils of orphanages have the right to receive free housing. However, this law is often not observed, and the children themselves, as a rule, do not have sufficient knowledge to defend their rights. It is not uncommon for teenagers to be tricked into scams with apartments, as a result of which the child is left homeless. With the help of the "Complicity in Fate" employees, hundreds of graduates of orphanages were able to restore their rights to housing and get apartments.

Public organizations deal not only with the housing rights of orphans. They are active in almost all areas of assistance to children and families.

Children today are different from children of previous generations. The development of scientific progress, the abundance of information, as well as the rapidly changing pace and lifestyle of people have a huge impact on the character of babies from the very first seconds of life. Today the site talks about how modern children differ from children of previous generations.

Overprotection and lack of attention

Psychologists note that most of today's children suffer either from overprotection or from a lack of attention. Both have a strong influence on the character of the child and his psychological development.

Today, women are preoccupied with a career on a par with men and, having barely given birth, resort to the help of a nanny or governess. The competition in the labor market is huge, so women prefer to deliberately shorten their maternity leave in order to return to work as soon as possible. As a result, at the age when the character and psychological health of the child is being formed, the baby does not see his mother at all.

Due to the heightened desire to get the attention of parents, the child can act up a lot, behave defiantly, provoke parents to emotions, and also manipulate adults. In addition, very often the child tries to replace the lack of attention with other elements: playing the computer, strange hobbies and friends, and in adolescence, he may also face more serious problems, such as drugs and alcohol.

Problems of modern children

Hyper-custody also does not add to the child's ease in perceiving reality and leaves an imprint on the character at the very moment when it is just being formed. Mothers who have decided to devote their whole lives to raising a child are too protective of their child, trying to protect him from the dangers of the world around him. As a result, the child grows up spoiled, infantile and intimidated, unable to make independent decisions and move towards his goal.

Remember that character is formed during the first 5 years of a child's life. Do not rush to get out of maternity leave, but do not close it from the world within four walls. Consider sending your child to a nursery or kindergarten, where he can learn to socialize among peers and begin to show independence at a young age.

In the flow of information

Today, a huge amount of information circulates in our world, and children are its direct consumers. But the problem is that most children and adolescents do not know how to use and filter it, and therefore they choose for themselves only what may seem interesting.