What is prepared for Eid al-Fitr in Tajikistan. How much did dastarkhan cost the Tajik people for Eid al-Fitr

Saving money on refreshments in honor of Uraza-Bayram, as the President of Tajikistan called for, was hardly possible for citizens - due to higher prices.

On June 26, Tajikistan celebrated the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of the holy Muslim fast in the month of Ramadan.

On the eve of the holiday, the prices of products, which are considered the main attributes of the festive table, have significantly risen in the country.

It is not necessary to serve hot on this holiday (although many serve), as guests come in for a short time, only to read a prayer. But treats for tea should be varied and tasty.

The presence of dried fruits is considered mandatory on the dastarkhan. They are the ones that cost the most. On the eve of the holidays, prices for dried fruits (mainly domestically produced) increased by an average of 20 somoni per kilogram (2.27 US dollars) - about 20-30%.

For dried fruits and nuts - $ 130-160

The cost per kilogram of pistachios was 100-140 somoni ($11.35-15.9), dried apricots - an average of 75 somoni ($8.5), raisins - 70-90 somoni ($8-10.2), almonds - 90-100 somoni (10.2-11.35 dollars), apricot seeds - 80 somoni (9.08 dollars).

Cashews, hazelnuts and chopped walnuts - from 90 to 150 somoni per kilogram (10.2-17.02 dollars).

To buy a kilogram of all dried fruits and at least two kilograms of different types of nuts, a family needs to spend 130-160 dollars.

In addition to a set of dried fruits on the table, as usual, there should be a good selection of sweets, which cost from 45 to 120 somoni per kilogram (from 5.11 to 13.62 dollars), as well as pastries.

The pastries are often prepared at home, sometimes ready-made, which can cost from 200 to 700 somoni ($22.7–80) on average, depending on the quality and type of pastries. Homemade, of course, is cheaper.

Fresh fruits on the eve of the holiday also rose significantly. Apples a couple of weeks ago could be bought for 15-16 somoni per kilogram ($1.70-1.82), now they are sold for 25 somoni ($2.85).

A kilogram of pears has risen in price from 20 somoni to 35 (from 2.27 to 4 dollars). Cherries and apricots also increased in price by about 70%.

The government is unable to stop the rise in prices

Vegetables and fruits in Tajikistan rose in price by an average of 30% more than a month ago - on the eve of the onset of Muslim fasting at the end of May.

Dushanbe Mayor Rustami Emomali promised to control prices in the capital. However, their growth did not stop even after the mayor dismissed the directors of two large metropolitan markets - Shohmansur and Dehkon.

Against the backdrop of rising food prices in Tajikistan, President Emomali Rahmon on the eve of the holiday urged citizens to be economical and not spend much on the festive table.

Tajikistan is among the poorest in the world

Tajikistan is among the poorest countries in the world. According to the ranking of the American financial publication Global Finance “The World’s Richest and Poorest Countries”, published in March this year, Tajikistan was among the 33 poorest countries in the world.

The rating is based on data from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in terms of GDP per capita, according to which Tajikistan ranked 157th among the 189 countries listed in it.

According to official figures, the average salary in Tajikistan is $160. However, residents refute these figures, claiming that they are grossly inflated and that the average salary is no more than 400 somoni (about $45).

What date is Kurban Bayram celebrated in 2019 in Russia, when the beginning and end of the holiday in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan: the beginning and end of the holiday, dates.

This holiday, which Muhammad commanded to celebrate, is the second largest after Ramadan Bairam. It is also called the Eid al-Adha festival of sacrifice. The holiday symbolizes absolute, pure and sincere faith in the Almighty, unity with him and approaching him. Eid al-adha (the Arabic name for the event) always occurs seventy days after Uraza Bayram.

Date of Eid al-Adha 2019: when does it start and end

The holiday is celebrated in the month of Zul-Hijja on the 10th, that is, in 2019 Kurban Bayram will begin on August 11 and last until the 15th.

How to prepare for Eid al-Adha

Despite the fact that the holiday itself will come on August 11, 2019, preparations for the sacred event will begin ten days before the very date of Eid al-Adha. Faithful followers of the Prophet Mohammed, who believe in Allah, will fast.

Women during this time will carry out a general cleaning in their homes and prepare clean, elegant clothes for the holiday.

On August 11, before dawn, Muslims will perform ablution, change clothes and go to prayer. Eating before the first prayer on the holiday should not be. After prayer, you can have breakfast in order to return to the mosque later and listen to a sermon about the history of the holiday and its meaning.

Rules and traditions for Eid al-Adha, which must be observed in 2019

The celebration will begin at sunrise. Believers wash their faces, put on clean clothes and go to the mosque to attend the morning prayer. Then the local mullah reads a sermon, at the end of which Muslims go to the cemetery in order to honor the memory of deceased relatives.

The final stage of the holiday is the sacrifice of an animal. It can be a ram, camel, bull or other hoofed creature. The custom allows sacrificing not only for the health of the living, but also for the repose of deceased relatives or friends. As a victim, you can not choose any animal that caught your eye. For example, the age of a ram should not exceed a year, a bull or a cow - no more than two years. As for the camel, it is allowed to choose an individual that has reached the age of five.

It is desirable that the chosen victim should be in excellent health, be large in size and not have any physical defects. This means that lame, blind and sick beings cannot be used in the sacred rite of sacrifice.

Muslims believe that poor physical condition affects the palatability of the animal. Before slaughtering the victim, the believer can say a prayer in the name of Allah. Then the animal is knocked down on the floor, always head towards Mecca.

It is recommended that after the sacrifice, the meat of the slaughtered animal be divided into three parts: give one to the needy and poor people, use the second part as the basis for festive dishes, which will then be distributed to neighbors, friends and relatives, and the third part can stay at the owner's house.

The meat of a sacrificial animal is allowed to be sampled by people of other religions, but in no case should it be sold or exchanged for something. It is forbidden to use this meat at the end of Kurban Bayram.

Muslims are of the opinion that a sheep or goat can be slaughtered from one person, and a camel, cow or bull from seven people.

What to put on the table for Eid al-Adha 2019: traditional dishes

Muslims are hospitable people, they love to treat and delight other people, so it is not surprising that with the onset of Eid al-Adha, any true believer tries to invite as many people as possible to his house. They pay special attention to the poor and needy people. It is customary to cook dishes traditional for this holiday from the meat of the sacrificial lamb. The more food prepared, the better.

• On the first day, dishes from the liver and heart are prepared,
• the second day must begin with soups cooked on lamb heads and legs. Roast or stew meat is also cooked, and beans, vegetables or rice are used as a side dish.
• On the third and fourth days, Muslims have lamb bone soups, fried lamb ribs and, of course, traditional manti, lagman, shish kebab, pilaf, beshbarmak, chuchvara on the tables.
• Not a single festive table is complete without the usual sweets, homemade bread, pies, cakes and biscuits. As a favorite dessert, Muslims prefer dishes of their almonds and raisins.

How did the holiday of Eid al-Adha come about?

Kurban Bayram, the feast of sacrifice, appeared as proof of the unconditional faith of a true Muslim in Allah. According to the Koran, many centuries ago, the Almighty sent a test to the prophet Ibrahim: he had to sacrifice his own son named Ismail. Prophet Ibrahim, following the will of the Almighty, was about to sacrifice his own child to him.

The Lord, convinced of the inviolability of his words, sent down to him an angel who stopped the prophet's knife. Instead of a son, Ibrahim sacrificed a ram to the Almighty. Since then, the faithful followers of Islam, celebrating the great day of Kubran Bayram, have also slaughtered a lamb, a calf or a young camel.

Traditionally, animal meat is divided into three parts. Leaving only one third for itself, the remaining two parts of the sacrificial animal are distributed among the community and the poor people.

On this day, not a single person should remain hungry, and the doors of the houses of the followers of Islam are open to all guests.

Seven Desirable Sunnah Actions

1. According to one of the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the night before the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, it is recommended to spend time in prayer, do dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and say salawat (praise of the Prophet):

   “Whoever stands (in worship) the night before the two holidays (Eid), hoping for a reward from his Lord, his heart will not die when the hearts of others die” (Ibn Maja).

   Another hadith narrated by Tabarani also says that one who spends the night in worship of the Almighty before the first day of the month of Ramadan, before Eid al-Fitr and before Eid al-Adha, “He will not be grieved in the days when others will be grieved.”

2. Before a holiday and a collective prayer, a Muslim is prescribed to take a ghusl (full ablution). This is stated in the hadith:

   “Three things are sunnah on Eid al-Fitr: attending the Eid prayer, taking a bath, eating before going out”

3. It is worth highlighting a holiday not only with worship, but also with your appearance. Therefore, it is recommended to wear new (or better) clothes. According to hadiths, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) put on a special cloak, which he wore only on Eid al-Fitr and on Fridays. Bayhaqi also reported that Ibn Umar wore his best attire on Eid.
4. On the way to the holiday prayer, you should say takbir. Al-Darakutni and others reported that when Ibn Umar went out for Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, he constantly recited takbir until he reached the place of prayer and he continued to recite it until the imam came.
5. On this day, it is desirable to congratulate each other. For example, talking to each other (may Allah accept from us and from you our good deeds). Jubayr ibn Nufayr said: “During the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), when people met each other on the day of Eid, they said: “Takaballahu minnee ue minkum!”(Ibn Hajar).
6. In one of the hadiths transmitted by Bukhari, it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never returned from the Eid prayer the same way he went there. Therefore, it is Sunnah to change your route, returning home after a festive collective prayer.

National traditions on the day of Eid al-Fitr

Photo source: Rnk-concept.ru Eid celebration in the family circle.

In addition to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Muslims around the world have common and national traditions specific to a particular region. All of them help to feel even more the atmosphere of the holiday on this day.

Like any holiday, Uraza Bayram involves a festive table. On this day, among the Tatar people, when men go to pray in the mosque, women stay at home and make pancakes. But in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, on a holiday, traditional pilaf is prepared and men do it too. Kazakh Muslims traditionally cook beshbarmak - a dish of meat and dough. In the North Caucasus, zhizhig galnash (Chechnya), Avar khinkal (Dagestan) serve as festive dishes.

On this day, it is customary to cook delicious and, if possible, a variety of dishes, serve a variety of sweets for tea. It is encouraged to treat children with sweets. In the North Caucasus, in some regions there is even a tradition on this day: children go to different houses, where they are given sweets for reading surahs from the Koran, sung nasheed.

But most of all, Uraza Bairam, marking the end of the fast, helps to unite relatives, neighbors and friends at the festive table. On this day, Muslims visit each other. In Ingushetia, a family should visit at least 3-4 families, usually they visit up to 7 houses. As representatives of the diaspora in Tatarstan say, the whole day is spent visiting and with guests. Moreover, anyone can come to the house of the Ingush without an invitation, and they will not refuse him. This is a wonderful tradition that helps not only to unite Muslims, but also to feed those in need. Also on this holiday, older family members look after brides for their sons for one thing.

Photo source: RIA NovostiFotochki24.ru Distribution of gifts to children in honor of the Islamic holiday

Visiting relatives on the day of Eid al-Fitr is a kind of double sunnah. On the one hand, this is the creation of a festive atmosphere, sharing joy and gifts, as our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded. On the other hand, this is an opportunity to strengthen family ties even with those whom you do not see and rarely communicate on ordinary days. It is not necessary to give expensive gifts, to stay away for a long time. Your attention and time is important.

In the modern world, we have little contact with people from our yard and sometimes we don’t even know our neighbors from the landing. On the holiday of Conversation, Muslims have a chance to rectify the situation: the holiday serves as an occasion for getting to know each other and establishing good neighborly relations. It is known that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) treated his neighbors very well, regardless of their religion and nationality. One of the important duties is a respectful attitude towards the neighbor, which is confirmed by the Sunnah of the Prophet and the commands of the Almighty. In a hadith it is narrated: The angel Jabrail constantly broadcast about honoring the neighbor, and I thought: I will have to leave the inheritance to the neighbor"(Imam Ahmad, ibn Hibban). Therefore, it is advisable to congratulate and invite your neighbors to a meal. Perhaps this will be the beginning for these neighbors to convert to Islam in the future.

Every secular holiday, whether it's Birthday, February 23, March 8, Mother's Day or another, each person tries to give gifts to relatives, relatives and colleagues. On this Holy and one of the main holidays, to create an atmosphere of celebration, gifts should also be given, because this is not only pleasant, but also strengthens relationships. In a hadith narrated by Tabarani, it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“O community of the Ansar, give gifts to each other, for, verily, a gift drives out hidden enmity from the hearts. If they give me a front leg of a lamb, then I will definitely accept it, and if I am invited to taste the back leg of a lamb, then I will definitely accept the invitation.

Photo source: Saratov News. Festive flag in honor of the holiday

Also creating a festive atmosphere is the decoration of their homes. This tradition exists in many Muslim countries and regions, but is not very common in Russia. Not only to put things in order and do a general cleaning, but also to decorate your home in the best way helps to feel the holiday and instill a love for this day in your children. You can not only hang balloons, but also draw a poster with your child, make homemade garlands and flags. This will promote communication within the family and strengthen love and friendships.

Muslims tried to spend the whole month of Ramadan in worship, reading more of the Holy Quran, performing additional prayers, doing good deeds, and also making dua for their dead relatives. While the holiday lasts for three days, it is advisable not only to think about those who are nearby, but also those who have left this world. One of the desirable actions is visiting the graves of ancestors, reading prayers for them.

Eid al-Fitr is a holiday for every Muslim, a day when it is ideal to spend it with your family: go to visit with them and receive guests. Each family and any person individually can create their own little traditions that will make the holiday special and the day memorable.

In Tajikistan starts in 2019 the 6th of May and ends on June 5th according to the calendar - a schedule that is approved by the country's supreme religious leaders. This is the date of the post - ruzi but the month itself will come at 19 hours 37 minutes in the evening 5th Maya and Tarawih prayer times are set in 21:30 by local time.

The spring month of Ramadan (inter. Ramadan) is a very favorite month of the people of Tajikistan, since almost the entire population of the republic is Muslim and for them this month is quite important. In the month of Ramadan in Tajikistan, the activities of social and cultural institutions, including Restaurants, Bars, Canteens, Teahouses, Clubs, Discos, etc., are suspended by 70-90%.

Those who fast in the month of Ramadan in Tajikistan can be found both young and old or men, be it a woman. The Tajik people are very attentive to the issue of observing Islamic laws, including the fulfillment of the requirements of the rules of Ramadan, although sometimes you can meet many Tajiks who do not observe the religious aspects of Islam, as historical communist philosophies contributed to this.

Tajiks in the month of Ramadan prefer to do more good deeds, including donating their wealth in the form of iftar, gifts, etc. that stem from Islamic culture. You can see how men go to prayer in the mosques in the evening to perform Namaz Tarawih.

Due to the fact that Tajikistan is a continental country and in the summer time to keep a post (ruza in taj.) in the country is quite difficult. Since in summer the heat reaches up to +50 degrees Celsius and the issue of settling the time of opening - closing the post, it is necessary to regulate the schedule so that everything is within the rules. Therefore, the schedule of the month of Ramadan for 2019 for the residents of Tajikistan has been created for you. This year, on average, the holder of a ruza (uraza) in Tajikistan spends 17 hours to refrain from eating and the remaining 2 hours for prayers, 1 for eating and only 4 hours for rest-sleeping. This is better than in or the northern part of the planet.

This calendar is adapted mainly for the population of the city of Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. But it should be noted that in some regions of the country the time of suhoor or iftar is slightly different by 1-7 minutes than in Dushanbe. See down.

For example, in Murgab, the day starts 20 minutes earlier and, accordingly, the time of ruza ends earlier by this interval. Or in the city of Kurgantyube 5 minutes later than in the capital of Tajikistan, the fasting time begins or ends. But in any case, this issue needs to be settled on the basis of the weighted book of the Koran (Sura Bakara) which says:

« And eat and drink until the white thread differs from the black thread for you at dawn, then complete the fast until night «

As you know, Muslims have two biggest holidays - Uraza Bayram (Eid al-Fitr) and Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha). They are widely celebrated by practitioners and ethnic Muslims alike.

Islam unites different cultures and peoples. Islamic traditions, the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (S.G.V.) becomes a unifying factor for holding certain events, especially. Therefore, it is not surprising that even the culinary traditions of different peoples are very similar.

The two main Muslim holidays traditionally last three days. During these days, it is customary to visit and host them everywhere. They usually visit friends and family. And the Ingush have their doors open these days for everyone without exception. Anyone can come to the house, and they will not refuse him hospitality - they will feed and drink.

National dishes of different nations

Muslim cuisine is predominantly meat-based. Most often they use beef or lamb, the steppe Turkic peoples use horse meat.

One of the most popular dishes among Muslims is pilaf. In Russia, most often it is prepared according to Uzbek or Tajik recipes. This is a lamb meat dish with spices, sometimes chickpeas. Pilaf is placed in the center of the table on many holidays, not only religious ones. For example, in honor of the birth of a child, there is a tradition. In this regard, sometimes meat is either distributed, or a common meat dish is made.

Varieties of pilaf vary from territory. If Tajiks and Uzbeks cook it with spices and very fatty, then Kazan Tatars prefer it without seasonings, cooking with garlic and prunes, and Kazakhs add apples and dried apricots. In the Caucasus, pilaf will be sweet with the addition of all kinds of dried fruits. Usually it is raisins and dried apricots.

If you want to surprise your guests with an unusual pilaf, we advise you to cook the Azerbaijani version, known as shah pilaf. The peculiarity of this dish is that it is made with a crust of pita bread, dough or noodles, which is called qazmah. For cooking, you will need traditional ingredients, so every housewife can do this delicacy: rice, lamb, ghee, saffron, raisins, dried apricots, onions, etc. How to cook shah pilaf is clearly shown in this video:

Indian Muslims and Pakistanis call pilaf biryani- This is a special traditional and very popular dish with the addition of special seasonings, including turmeric, cardamom and red hot pepper. Therefore, the dish is very spicy. It is eaten not only on holidays, it is included in the daily menu.

The most popular Kazakh dish - beshbarmak(besbarmak), which is pieces of boiled meat with noodles, which are eaten with the hands. It is an integral part of the festive table. It is very similar to the Chechen national holiday dish zhizhig galnash(in translation means "meat dumplings"), which is also prepared from lamb, beef or chicken with dumplings made from wheat or corn flour.

Famous Avar khinkal also consists of lamb or chicken with fluffy wheat dough cakes. The difference of this dish is that it is served with some kind of sauce.

Soups are popular among Tatars. Therefore, they often prepare chicken noodle soup. Even on the wedding day, the bride, according to tradition, must cook this dish herself and serve it to the guests. In addition to soup, meat pastries are very common among Tatars. Therefore, it is traditionally served triangles (ochpochmak), peremyachi and belyashi.

A festive dish is very interesting and tasty. kurutob. This is a very common Tajik dish. Pieces of flatbread are dipped in grated cottage cheese with milk, covered with slices of fresh cucumbers, tomatoes and herbs.

The festive food of many Turkic peoples is shurpa(sorpa) - rich meat broth with the addition of vegetables and herbs. It is worth noting hearty Azerbaijani soup bozbash on a meat bone (or brisket) with vegetables and chickpeas. For aroma and taste, dried fruits and currants are added to it. There are a lot of options for preparing bozbash. Recipes differ in spices and some additives, but the main ingredients are always preserved - meat and chickpeas.

It is common for many Muslim peoples to decorate the festive table with offal dishes. Especially on Eid al-Adha. This is due to the fact that they deteriorate faster and it is impractical to store them. On the 1st day, housewives usually prepare liver and heart dishes. On the 2nd day - soup of lamb heads and shanks. The main dishes are stew, roast with rice, legumes or vegetables. And already on the 3rd day, the turn comes to soups on lamb bones, pilaf, shish kebab, lagman, manti, beshbarmak and many other traditional dishes.

Interesting festive cuisine in Malaysia. The main dish on the festive table is rice fried with vegetables and shrimps. In addition to it, the Malays delight themselves and their guests with such culinary delights as sate(a dish resembling a barbecue, but much smaller in size), nasi lemak(a rice dish cooked in coconut milk - chopped eggs, anchovies, nuts and cucumbers are added to it). Try to cook this dish according to a very convenient recipe presented in the video, and make sure that this is exactly what will suit your holiday table!

In Malaysia, chicken broth with small cubes of pressed rice is also popular called sotho. Another, again rice, dish - lontong. It is vegetables with rice under a thick gravy.

Festive sweets and desserts among Muslim peoples

In the East, sweets are treated with special love. The variety of these delicacies is known all over the world. All kinds of jams, flour products, sweet products made from honey, nuts and fruits become integral attributes of any feast.

The list of the most famous sweets can be added baklava- puff pastry dessert in sweet honey syrup with nuts. According to one of the opinions, Persia is considered the birthplace of baklava, others believe that the Ottoman Empire. Be that as it may, today baklava is the national delicacy of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Arab and other eastern countries. Everywhere has its own peculiarities of cooking, but the main ingredients remain the same.

In second place in terms of popularity and fame is halva. In Russia, they are used to seeing halva from sunflower seeds on store shelves. But in fact, it is very diverse. Halva is made from sesame, peanuts, almonds, pistachios and other nuts. But in the North Caucasus, in particular, among the Chechens, halva is prepared from corn, less often from wheat flour. Such a dessert is served only on special occasions - for Eid al-Fitr and a wedding. The secret of making Chechen halva lies in roasting flour with honey in such a way that it turns into a tender cake.

Using flour and honey, Tatars, Bashkirs and Kazakhs create their own unique delicacy - chak-chak and baursak. They are the hallmark of the traditional cuisine of a number of Turkic peoples.

Sweets that do not have a national link are also nougat and Turkish delight (known as Turkish Delight) - honey and nuts are used for their preparation.

Some peoples, for example, Azerbaijanis, cook cookies sheker-buru. It is a crescent-shaped pastry that is sprinkled with nuts, mostly almonds. The recipe is similar to making homemade traditional cookies.

To get a portion of sheker-bur for 6-10 people you will need:

• premium flour - 4 cups;
• butter - 1 pack (180-200 g);
• egg - 1 pc.;
• sugar - 1 glass;
• milk - 0.5 cups;
• slaked soda - 0.5 teaspoon.

known to many kurabye- also an Azerbaijani national delicacy. Perhaps that is why it is also called "Baku". However, kurabye is a widespread oriental sweet, which also differs in the way it is prepared in each country.

Sweet pastries, which traditionally decorate the festive table, are also diverse among the Tatar people. In addition to chak-chak, a favorite and traditional pastry for celebrations is Gubadiya- pie with rice, corte (fried sweet cottage cheese), boiled eggs and raisins, sour cream and other baked goods.

In Muslim cuisine, as already noted, Malaysian and Indian cooking stands apart. Traditional Indian sweets such as Jalebi or laddu, are very popular with Muslims living in this country. Although some of them are prepared by Hindus as offerings to local deities, they are common tasty sweets among Muslims.

In Malaysia, desserts are a little unusual, very different from traditional dishes. The cuisine of this people was influenced by the culinary traditions of neighboring countries: Thailand and Singapore. For example, kui ketayap- thin pancakes dyed green with pandan leaves and stuffed with grated coconut and palm sugar syrup. For the holiday, guests are sure to be served the favorite dessert of the Malays - chendol- mashed green beans with sugar in a thick sauce of coconut pulp.

The range of Muslim festive cuisine is wider than presented in our article. Describing all the features, one could make a whole cookbook. We would like to introduce you to the main dishes.

Bon appetit!