How to make a perm at home: step by step instructions. Technology for performing a perm Composition for a light perm

In order to qualitatively make a perm yourself, first of all, you need to understand what effect the hair is exposed to during this procedure. If we look at a section of straight hair, we will see that it has the shape of a circle, and curly hair has the shape of an oval. What follows from this?

To curl straight hair, you need to change the shape of its section while twisting along the axis. When winding hair on curlers or bobbins, they bend and change their shape. At the same time, the internal bonds of keratin (the structural protein of the hair) are displaced, but not torn, and the curl is preserved until the next hair wash.

Front perm keratin scales of the surface layer of the hair are tightly closed. But under the influence of the chemical composition, the bonds inside the hair disintegrate, the protein fibers are damaged, the scales open, and at this moment the hair can be given any shape when wound on bobbins of various configurations. The rupture of molecular bonds should ideally reach 30%, then the hair will become viscous and viscous.

The next step is to stabilize (fix) the new hair shape. To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and they begin to return to their natural state: the old bonds are restored inside the hair, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the curl will turn out to be fragile. During perm hair experience physical and chemical effects at the same time. When winding on a bobbin, the hair is pulled, in addition, each layer of hair presses on the underlying one.

Thus, two forces act on the hair - tension and pressure. With an increase in temperature during curling, the ability of the hair to resist changing shape decreases, therefore, in the process of curling, a warming cap is used, which retains the natural heat of the human body.

Each subsequent perm will look less beautiful than the previous one, as chemicals destroy the keratin of the hair, which is why a new substance is formed in the hair - meta-keratin, which already reacts differently to the perm solution. There may come a time when the hair simply stops curling and you have to wait a while for it to grow back.

Hair curling tools.

If you decide to do perm at home, you will need a sufficient amount bobbin of various shapes and diameters - from 50 to 80 pieces. They do not have metal parts, they are fastened with rubber bands. Also for perm can be used at home plastic curlers, which are also fixed with an elastic band or clip. Peignoir(a special cape made of waterproof fabric) will help you keep your clothes in order, and protective gloves will save hands and nails from aggressive solution. Among other things, you will need:

plastic comb ponytail
curling compound and fixative,
insulation cap,
bowl and sponge for fixative,
preparation for neutralization and stabilization,
biological fixer.

Please note that the preparations of the same company / brand should be used during the perm. You can buy all this in a specialized store.

Compositions for perm

Almost all curling lotions are based on thioorganic compounds and their derivatives - they make it possible to influence the shape of the hair and change it even at normal human body temperature. A very important characteristic of the drug is its pH value. The higher it is, the more active the effect of the drug on the hair and the greater the likelihood of complete destruction of bonds and dissolution of hair keratin. What perms are used today?

Alkaline permanent (from Latin permaneo - I remain, I continue) is used for curling healthy and natural hair. The disadvantage of an alkaline permanent is that it emits harmful vapors of hydrogen sulfide, which can cause various side effects in a person - headache, malaise, dermatitis (skin inflammation).

Acid-balanced permanent used for naturally weak, tired, heavily colored hair. This composition does not contain strong alkalis and is less harmful. Its main component is glyceryl monothioglycolate. This composition begins to act only after it is mixed with the activator (it is included in the kit, both liquids must be mixed just before use, since the finished mixture cannot be stored), while a chemical reaction occurs with a large release of heat, and the composition warms up to 40 degrees C. A feature of the acidic composition is that due to the small swelling of the hair, the hairstyle is less afraid of moisture and the influence of the weather, it looks more natural. The disadvantage is that the drug is less resistant, the curl does not last very long.

Soft alkaline permanent - a sparing solution, in the application of which the hair also receives a protein treatment course, due to which the structure of the hair improves, and the curl is more durable. Has no smell. Disadvantage - often causes allergies.

Gel for perm - used for curling the roots of short hair, for example, curling the temporal zones in men's short haircuts. To do this, use a comb, not bobbins.

Foam permanent - the most harmless drug for curling hair. It is so soft that as a result, the hair acquires volume with almost no frizz. As mentioned above, the great importance of perm assigned clamps which have oxidizing properties. Such preparations necessarily contain hydrogen peroxide, but not more than 3%. Clamps perform the final operation in the hair curling procedure, provide stabilization of the resulting curl, return the internal structure of the hair to its previous state. Fixatives can be of the following type and consistency:

concentrated fixatives(they are diluted with water in a ratio of one to one, their packaging has the inscription "1 + 1"),
non-concentrated fixative(ready to use),
foam solution(it is foamed with a sponge and applied to the hair, while it must be remembered that in this case it is the foam that “works”)
non-foamy solution(it is applied from the spout of the vial separately to each bobbin).

Stages of perm

Ideally, “chemistry” is best done in a hairdressing salon with an experienced master, but if you want to do the curling yourself, then strictly follow the instructions. First of all, you need to carefully examine the scalp and find out if there are any inflammations, scratches or abrasions on the scalp. If there is, then with perm wait until the skin heals. Perm should be performed in the following sequence:

Wash your hair with shampoo, squeeze out moisture and dry with a towel.
Determine how the chemical is applied to the hair.
Roll your hair into bobbins.
Saturate hair with chemicals.
Put on a warming cap (option: cover your head with polyethylene, wrap it in a towel).
Record the start time of exposure by the clock.
Check the quality of the curl.
Wash off the preparation without removing the bobbins with running warm water for 5-7 minutes.
Apply the fixative for the first time for 5-8 minutes.
Take off the bobbins.
Apply fixative a second time for 5 minutes.
Rinse the fixative with running water, squeeze out the water.
Rinse your hair with an acidic solution to neutralize the fixer.
Dry your hair with a towel.
Apply a therapeutic preparation to restore the hair structure.

When performing these procedures, there are several important points that you should definitely pay attention to and in no case neglect them.

Determining the condition of the hair and scalp before curling

As mentioned above, if there is any damage to the skin on the head, perm better to move. You also need to check if you have an allergic reaction to the drugs. It appears most quickly on the thin, delicate skin behind the auricle. To check, you need to apply the composition with a cotton swab on the skin and after 10-15 minutes it will be clear whether there is an allergy or not (redness, rash, itching may appear).

Be especially careful with blond (bleached) hair. If, after immersion in the curling lotion, they do not break, but lose their original appearance, the composition must be diluted with water in a ratio of one to one.

The choice of composition for curling

It is very important to assess the condition of the hair and make the right choice of the appropriate drug, since the degree of effect of different drugs differs from each other. First of all, you need to define hair structure .

Recall that the hair is soft, medium, hard.

How to define it?

If the hair feels soft and liquid, then you have soft hair, if it is coarse and thick, then it means hard, and if neither, then you have normal hair. Then it is determined hair quality - thin, thick or normal. As a rule, the structure of the hair and its quality are closely related. If you have soft hair, then it is thin. This type of hair is most common in blondes, while brunettes are more likely to have thick and thick hair. In addition, it is very important type of previous hair treatment - dyed, bleached, with the remains of a permanent, untreated. The fact is that the way the previous treatment of hair increases their porosity, it can also increase under the influence of sunlight, salt water, hot air. In these cases, it is necessary to choose the optimal chemical composition and means of protection, and in case of severe damage to the hair structure, it is better to carry out preliminary treatment. There are several permanent rules for damaged hair:

when curling the roots regrown after the permanent, you should try not to apply the composition to previously curled hair;
with highly bleached hair and with a large percentage of streaked (partially dyed) strands, hair protection preparations must be used that even out the structure of dyed and split hair and ensure uniformity perm. Keep in mind that each company that produces formulations for perm, offers, as a rule, several types of drugs:
for healthy, previously untreated, hard-to-treat hair,
for normal hair
for porous hair previously exposed to oxidizing agents,
for blonde and highlighted hair.

Having chosen the composition, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions for use, since differences can be not only in preparations from different companies, but also in the next generation of the composition of the same company.

hair wash

There is a rule: perm. performed only on clean hair! Therefore, before curling, they must be washed, regardless of when you last did it. This will slightly open the scales, which will speed up the penetration of the perm into the hair. The hair is washed once, while the scalp does not need to be massaged to keep the fat layer on it, which will protect it from excessive exposure to acids and alkalis. Having wet the hair with a towel, comb it, but neither before nor after washing should you use a hair brush so as not to damage the cuticle (top layer of the hair).

Winding hair into bobbins

Bobbins are chosen depending on the type of hair. If the hair is hard and elastic, then they are wound with thin strands on large bobbins. Medium bouncy hair is best curled with medium-sized curlers. Thin hair is wound into small bobbins, separating very thin strands. At the same time, the strands must be separated with zigzag partings so that clear parting lines do not form, and the bobbins must be staggered. It must be borne in mind that the thickness and width of the strand must correspond to the thickness and length of the bobbin. The process of winding strands of hair on a bobbin is as follows: the strands are separated from each other with a comb-tail, combed out, pulled perpendicular to the head and wound onto bobbins. Make sure that the ends of the strands are carefully twisted and do not bulge, do not stand out from the total mass. The direction of winding the hair depends on:

from the direction of hair growth (if this is not taken into account, then the hair can be broken at the root),
from the future hairstyle (it is better to place the bobbins in the direction in which the hair will lie in the future),
from a haircut that can be emphasized using curlers of different diameters.

The angle of pulling the strand can be different: the higher the strand is shifted relative to its base, the more magnificent it will be later. If the volume at the roots is not required, then the bobbin is placed as low as possible to the base of the strand. The elastic should not be tight, pressed into the hair, or placed close to the roots so that there are no creases that can lead to hair breakage. The elastic can be at the top of the curler or be placed crosswise. You can also use hairpins to secure the hair - wooden or plastic.

Hair curling methods

direct method. The hair is first moistened with the composition, and then twisted: first from the bottom of the back of the head, since this is the coldest zone and the healthiest hair grows there. In order for the curl to turn out uniform, the hair must be wound very quickly. They are pre-moistened in the composition, then, after winding, they are impregnated with it two more times. Indirect method. Wet hair is wound on curlers, and then moistened with a perm solution, and as it dries, it is moistened with a spray bottle. Winding is done in any sequence. This method is the most preferred, as wet hair absorbs the solution faster and retains its original structure better. mixed method. It is used for hair longer than 20 cm. Before winding the composition, it is necessary to moisten only the ends of the hair, stepping back 2/3 from the roots. Thus, the bobbins are wound all over the head, and then all the hair is wetted. According to the way the bobbins are located on the head, the curl is divided into horizontal and vertical. At horizontal way hair is wound on a bobbin, located horizontally with respect to the base of the strand, from the end of the strand to its base. The disadvantage of this method is that a high-quality curl is obtained only at the first turns of the bobbin, then it weakens due to the increase in the diameter of the bobbin with each turn. At vertical way the hair is twisted in the reverse order - from the roots of the hair to their ends - and the bobbin is located vertically on the head. The main advantage of such a curl is that the curl along the entire length of the strand is uniform. But at the same time, the hair does not come into contact with the head and there is not always enough internal heat for the curling process. One more note: if the hair has been repeatedly curled and the ends of the hair are completely lifeless, then you can wrap the ends of the hair in paper. In this case, the ends will not suffer so much.

Applying the perm

When all the hair is wound on bobbins, a composition is applied to each bobbin from above and below with a brush. This must be done quickly and evenly. You can not apply a very large amount of the composition at once, since the upper layers of the hair, having absorbed too much moisture, will swell and will not let the composition into the lower layers, which will remain uncurled, in addition, the composition may begin to drain, which is not always pleasant. The first time you need to apply the composition very sparingly. The second time you can apply a little more. And the third time it is applied until the liquid stops being absorbed. In this case, you can not save the composition or fixative, since the hair must be soaked very well. Before applying the composition, the scalp along the hairline should be lubricated with a protective cream, and a napkin folded with a tourniquet should be tied around the head. After impregnating the hair with the composition, the tourniquet is removed. After the hair is evenly moistened, a warming cap is very carefully put on the head, trying not to move the bobbins. To keep warm, the cap must be tightly fixed, otherwise the curling process will be lengthened.

holding time

The exposure time is always individual, on average, from 10 to 30 minutes, as it depends on the structure of the hair and the desire to have a curl of one or another elasticity. To determine it, it is necessary to unwind the strands in different parts of the head during the curling process. (It is important to remember to twist the strands back!) A sign of good curl is a bouncy and moist curl. After rinsing and fixing, the degree of curling of the hair will increase a little more, and if the exposure time is too short, the curl will not have time to form completely and will be short-lived, if the curling composition is exposed to too long, the hair can be severely damaged.

Rinsing

Without removing the bobbins, it is necessary to rinse the hair very thoroughly under the shower. Rinsing time depends on the length of the hair. So hair up to 10 cm long is washed for at least 1 minute, 10-20 cm - 2 minutes or more, and hair longer than 20 cm must be washed for at least 3 minutes.

Fixation

Outcome perm depends on the correct fixation, which restores the broken structure of the hair. If the fixation is done superficially, then the molecular bonds of the hair will remain partially split, and the hair will be inelastic. Rinse your hair thoroughly and blot it with a towel, apply a fixative.

The holding time is determined according to the following table:

After applying the fixative and the required exposure time, the bobbins are carefully removed, trying not to delay the curl. Then the fixative is applied again. After re-fixation, the hair is thoroughly washed and treated with a preparation to neutralize and stabilize.

At the final stage, a biological fixative is applied, which instantly strengthens the hair keratin, makes the hair elastic, affects the duration of preservation. perm and elasticity of curls. Rinse your hair thoroughly after fixing, blot it with a towel and evenly apply the preparation on them. After 3 minutes, the hair is again thoroughly washed. After that, you can use a balm rinse, which will restore the natural acidic pH of the hair and scalp and facilitate combing.

Hair care after perm

In order for the keratin of the hair to become stronger, at least 48 hours must pass. Therefore, it is advisable not to dry the hair during this time and not to style it with a hairdryer, not to wind it on curlers. For hair care with perm there are rules:

It is necessary to wash your hair only with special shampoos, also use special hair balms with perm.
If the hair is very dry, an intensive treatment should be carried out that will restore the hair structure: you can use therapeutic agents, masks for weakened hair. The course of treatment is at least 10 sessions.
After every 3-4 washes, it is advisable to use therapeutic preparations, and for long hair, a preparation for the ends of the hair is necessary, because they will become drier after curling.
In order for the “chemistry” to last as long as possible, you can’t pull your hair back when wet, twist it with a towel. You can comb them only with a rare comb, immediately shape them with your hands. Don't go to bed with a wet head.
It is necessary to protect the hair from exposure to direct sunlight, salty and cold water, and in the summer to protect it with special preparations with ultraviolet protection.
Laying is done in a more gentle way. It is important not to overdry your hair and not injure it with a pile. For styling, use a nourishing foam-balm.

And now, after all these manipulations, you can finally enjoy the result. The efforts of a home hairdresser will not be in vain: with perm morning styling is facilitated, because the hair has become more supple and soft, keeps its shape better and makes it possible to try many different hairstyles.

Hairstyle plays one of the main roles in creating a stylish and solid image. Representatives of the weaker sex are trying by any means to improve their appearance, doing a variety of cosmetic procedures. The modern beauty industry offers new methods of transformation, and the focus is primarily on safety, minimizing negative consequences and ease of use of funds. Improved and permed hair.

History and theory

The procedure for hardware perm was first carried out in 1908 by Carl Ludwig Nessler. It was this enterprising German who invented the permanent and false eyelashes. The hairdresser made his wife's dream of luxurious curls come true, she became his first client. There was no need to talk about the good condition of the curls after such a procedure. However, numerous fans of this method did not complain and turned to him more than once.

Now having curls and curls is still relevant, but the chemistry itself does not significantly harm the hair.

Perm is a very time-consuming and complex procedure for turning straight, sparse hair into luxurious, voluminous and thick hair. Having made a perm, you can get wavy curls, large curls or small curly curls.

Important Points

Each procedure carried out with hair should begin with a diagnosis. It is required to assess the health of the curls, pay special attention to damage. For different types of hair, special formulations are used that are suitable for them. An experienced master will definitely tell you whether it is possible to perm your hair or whether you need to treat it first.

Features and types of curls

The technique of carrying out this procedure has undergone many changes. Now salons offer a choice of several methods of curling. They differ in the resulting size of curls, their frequency, winding method, and chemical composition.

Acid

This is a rather aggressive method in which the drug penetrates into the structure of each hair without revealing its outer cuticle. The result of such chemistry will be hard beautiful curls.

This option is not suitable for women with thin and soft hair. Curls will quickly lose their shape, straighten at the base. Hairstyle will look ugly and not well-groomed.
Also, it is better to refuse such chemistry for girls with dry, damaged curls and sensitive scalp.
The most sparing is the acid perm with thioglycolic acid. The hair will hold the curl for about three to four weeks. This method can be used even on freshly dyed strands.

alkaline

This type of transformation will please you for no more than 12 weeks. Curls are natural and elastic. In this case, a special preparation opens the cuticle and enters the middle of the hair.

The alkaline composition acts more gently. On thick, stiff strands, chemistry will last only four weeks.
This method has a lower cost than described above.

Neutral

This gentle perm can be carried out on any hair, the drug is applied to the entire length and roots. You will become the owner of flexible and resistant curls for 12-18 weeks.

Amino acid

Manufacturers include protein and amino acids that nourish curls in the curling composition. It does not spoil the strands and almost does not harm the hair.

It turns out a beautiful natural curl, but it will only last a few days.
Amino acid perm is not done on long, heavy and coarse hair, curls will quickly unwind under their own weight.

Biowave

The composition of the drug does not contain substances that can cause significant harm. Thioglycolic acid, peroxide and ammonia were replaced with other components that are similar to the molecules of the hair itself.

After such a procedure, the curl looks healthy, shiny and lasts about 10-12 weeks. Such a perm is best done on hair that has not been subjected to any chemical attack for six months.
Biowave should not be done if you have a dry hair type. After the session, the curls can become even more dry and porous, they will begin to get confused, poorly fit.

But the owners of oily hair type can afford it. Biowave normalizes the work of the sebaceous glands, drying the strands a little.

silk wave

Suitable for girls with shoulder-length curls and below. The composition for chemistry includes silk proteins, which have caring properties, give the hair extra shine and silkiness.

According to the methods of wrapping, the perm is also different.

Curl for long hair

Large curls look best on long hair. This size of the curl is obtained by using large diameter bobbins. The master also regulates its rigidity and intensity by the time the composition is kept on the strands.

At the base, the curls are not so steep and lush, they unwind under their own weight. If you want uniform curls, then contact an experienced specialist. Only a highly qualified master will be able to make a curl using bobbins of different sizes and prevent creases and noticeable transitions.

Experts recommend making a cascading haircut or light graduation before curling. Slightly shortened top strands will make the hairstyle more lush, add volume and help create the same curls at the roots and tips.

Curling for medium hair

Most often, perm is carried out on medium hair. The spiral turns out to be uniform, neat and does not unwind. Curling will provide faster styling, beautiful and voluminous curls.

On hair of this length, you can use almost all winding methods. Root, vertical and other types of chemistry are used. The average length is universal, this gives the master stylist a large field of activity for experimentation.

Curl for short hair

The main advantage of short hair is that you can easily make a light biowave and traditional chemistry on them. Now almost any beauty salon will offer you the most suitable options. But the choice of a master should be approached responsibly, it is better if you study the reviews or friends will recommend a good specialist to you.

Bob or bob looks great with large curls, spiral curls or small curls. A cute bob with short bangs will give your face freshness, and curls will add romance.

A square without bangs with a curl can also be worn with a parting, and a scythe will make the hairstyle more original. Avant-garde ladies will like the low-parting option, when almost all the curls lie on one side, this will add a touch of sensuality and mystery to the image.

A perm will perfectly emphasize the beauty of a graduated bob or bob. Even a small ladder will look great, the hairstyle will look beautiful and original.

A multi-stage haircut in combination with cool curls can give unruly strands elegance and sophistication. Hair will be easy to style and, with proper care, look healthy and shiny.

What you should know when deciding on a perm

If you want to become the owner of beautiful curls, you should be aware of the following disadvantages of chemistry:

Of course, there are undeniable advantages:

Beautiful curls of any size look stylish and will always be in trend.
A perm will add volume to your hair.
With chemistry, hair is easier to style.
Modern perm compositions do not cause such harm as their predecessors, and with proper care, the hairstyle will delight you and those around you for a long time.

Proper care and recovery

It is possible to treat, moisturize and nourish the curls after the procedure with both special professional means and folk methods. The first option is the most effective, but costly.

At home, trichologists recommend:

For two days, it is not recommended to wash your hair, dry it with hot air, use curlers.
Avoid tight hairstyles: tails, braids. Walk with your hair down more often.
After washing your hair, do not twist it, gently blot with a towel.
When combing, try to immediately form curls.
Always dry your hair before bed.

To make your curls look beautiful, elastic and clear, they need to be laid in a certain way. A diffuser and the use of specially designed cosmetics will help you with this.

Most of the fair sex is sure that the perm procedure will completely ruin the curls and it will be impossible to restore them. But it's not like that at all.

Manufactured preparations for perm hair must meet the following requirements:

1. for at least 3 months, the hair retains a curl, even in the case of a haircut;

2. hair does not change its original color;

3. the drug is easily washed off the hair with warm water;

4. the preparation includes surface-active substances (surfactants) that provide good wetting and impregnation of the hair;

5. the drug does not have any allergic or irritating effect on the skin, and its vapors - on the mucous membrane;

6. the preparation has a smell of a perfume fragrance (not sharp).

The basis of almost all currently produced preparations for perming hair are thioorganic compounds and their derivatives. Most prescriptions for foreign perm products contain thioglycolic acid, which has restorative properties. Compounds belonging to the thioorganic group make it possible to influence the shape of the hair even at normal human body temperature. This, obviously, can explain the fact that thioorganic compounds are part of almost all perm preparations. Significant disadvantages of these compounds include:

1) a sharp unpleasant odor due to the release of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan in the air;

2) toxicity, causing painful phenomena - headaches, general malaise, a decrease in the content of white blood cells, etc.

When studying the effect of a solution of thioglycolic acid on the human body when it was used in hairdressing, there were cases of diseases in persons preparing solutions of thioglycolic acid: a decrease in the content of white blood cells and the number of platelets, headaches, general weakness and malaise, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired kidney work. In addition, when working with solutions of thioglycolic acid, skin diseases were also noted: redness, itching, eczema, urticaria and nail damage. Such diseases can occur both in hairdressers and in persons who independently use such compounds.

As protective agents for hairdressers, various bactericidal ointments, biological protective preparations, nail polishing, reducing the time of contact with harmful solutions and the use of gauze masks during work are recommended. It is not recommended to neglect protective equipment. Their skillful and correct use largely protects the hairdresser from direct contact with harmful compounds and from their vapors. So, when winding hair on bobbins, you should use rubber gloves. Having acquired the skill of working with gloves, you can perform this operation at the same speed as without them.

For perming hair in hairdressing salons, the following preparations are used: Londa and Mintoks, Lokon and Zavitol.

In terms of chemical composition and degree of impact on the hair, Londa is close to Lokon, and Zavitol is close to Mintoks. The similarity of the preparations "Londa" and "Lokon" is explained by the fact that they are prepared on the same basis. The percentage of the main component - thioglycolic acid - in the preparations "Londa" and "Lokon" is about 6.5%.

Currently, Vella has released a new product for perm, which is very popular, since the process of winding onto bobbins does not require gloves to protect hands from the chemical composition. In this case, the winding time on the bobbins is reduced. The composition of the drug "Vella" includes:

Perm liquid - 100 ml (1);

Fixation liquid - 100 ml (2);

Plastic cap:

Instruction.

Depending on the length of the hair, the contents of the bottle are enough for 1-2 applications.

Washing and curling hair

1. Wash your hair with a mild shampoo without massaging the scalp.

2. Use a towel to squeeze out excess water.

3. Curl your hair. Before winding on bobbins, the hair must not be treated with a perm solution.

4. Choose the bobbin winding system according to the style of the haircut.

5. Wear gloves to apply the solution.

6. Lubricate the forehead, temples and neck with cream along the marginal hairline.

7. Roll up the gauze with a tourniquet and tie it around the head to protect the skin from the flowing solution.

8. After winding the hair on the bobbin, thoroughly moisten each bobbin with the solution, starting from the neck. The solution should be applied with a sponge in small doses to avoid getting excess on the skin. If the solution comes into contact with the skin, immediately rinse it with a cotton swab with water.

Technological data on the use of preparations for perming hair of various structures

Hair structure	Ratio parts	holding time on hair, min	Notes
				No additional heat	Under apparatus PA-1
Normal fine hair
Dry thin hair							Hair soaked in water
Oily fine hair
Regular strips of medium hardness
With "ear strips of medium hardness						Hair soaked in water
Medium oily hair
Regular hair stiffness
Dry coarse hair						Hair, moistened with water
Oily coarse hair
Slightly bleached and initially dyed hair							Hair, moistened with water, milk or "Londe - Straw"
Lightly bleached and multi-colored hair

Do not exceed the specified time of action, otherwise you can significantly damage the structure of the hair.

The strength of a perm depends on:

The selected preparation for a perm;

Sizes of the bobbins (large bobbins - a slight curl, small bobbins - a steep curl);

hair conditions;

The time of action of the composition for perm on the hair.

Rinsing

After the action time has elapsed, thoroughly rinse the hair wound on the bobbins with warm water for 2 minutes (without removing the bobbins and gloves).

Fixation

1. Use a towel to dry your hair.

2. Pour 100 ml of foam fixative into a bowl, lather the composition with a clean sponge and evenly apply the fixative to all the bobbins.

3. Leave the fixer for 7-10 minutes.

4. Carefully remove all the bobbins, starting from the lower occipital area, apply the remaining fixative to the hair and leave it on the hair for another 5 minutes.

5. Rinse hair thoroughly with running water.

The success of the procedure depends on several factors:

First of all, you need to know the technological methods for performing a perm, consisting of a step-by-step algorithm of actions.
It is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the client's hair - their structure, condition, which is important when choosing a chemical composition.
Precautions must be observed.

Workplace preparation: tools and fixtures

Bobbins are one of the main curling tools; the diameter and final appearance of curls depend on them. Bobbins have different diameters, shapes and lengths.

The thicker the curlers, the larger the curl will turn out, and vice versa. The number of curlers depends on the length and thickness of the hair.

For example, about 40 bobbins will go to the head of a woman of retirement age with sparse and short hair, for a girl with shoulder-length hair of medium density, about 60-80 curlers will be needed, respectively, for owners of long curls, the number of bobbins will increase.

You also need to stock up on the following set of tools:

comb-knitting needle;
5 clips;
spray;
rubber gloves;
2 waffle towels and 1 terry;
bowl for composition;
2 foam sponges.

The composition on the head is kept under a climazone; at home, you can use an old warm hat or a hood from an old jacket as a heater.

How to choose the right composition for the procedure?

For chemistry be sure to use a permanent alkaline lotion and an acid neutralizer. Manufacturers of professional cosmetics usually produce several types of permanent lotions that differ in pH value. High pH formulations are recommended for coarse, thick hair, while low pH formulations are recommended for bleached and thin hairs.

The effect of conventional chemistry remains on the hair for up to 6 months. There is also such a type of perm as biowave. Lotions of this series are distinguished by a reduced pH content, they have a gentle effect on the hair without destroying their structure. However, curls from such a procedure last from 2 weeks to 2 months.

In addition to chemicals you will also need shampoo and balm for curling series "For colored hair" and deep cleaning shampoo.

Safety measures and contraindications

Before the procedure a chemical tolerance test is required. To do this, a drop of the composition is applied to the area behind the ear for 25 minutes, then washed off. If, when applying the product, as well as 12 hours after its removal, allergic reactions develop on the skin, then the composition cannot be used.

It is necessary to keep the lotion on the hair for a certain time, indicated in the instructions, in no case do not overdo it.

Important: Chemistry is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.

Hair perm technology. Step-by-step instruction

perm performed only after a tolerance test lotion.

Curling process on video:

Professional technologists do not recommend drying hair after the procedure with a hairdryer so as not to spoil the result. Curls should dry naturally. You can apply a little gel of light hold on the curls to create the effect of "wet hair". After a perm, it is forbidden to wash your hair and style your hair with a hairdryer for 3 days.

In order for long hair to turn into curly curls, a permanent waving is carried out, created by treating the hair with a special composition.

To make a perm beautiful without damaging your hair, you should familiarize yourself with the sequence of the procedure, buy suitable curlers and choose the right composition of the solution.

Perm. Its features, types and applicability

First, a perm compound is applied to the hair, which prepares it for taking the desired shape. After that, the twisted curls are impregnated with a fixative, fixing them in a new position. According to the type of hair, the optimal type of perm is selected - how long it lasts depends on the chemicals used.

Acid - the most resistant variety (straightening occurs no earlier than six months later). Acid stretches fine hair and makes it brittle - so it's better to curl it in more gentle ways. It is best to do this type of perm on thick coarse hair.
Alkaline - lasts no longer than 3 months, the curls become elastic after it and look natural. For straight and coarse hair, alkaline perm is not suitable: straightening will occur in a month and a half.
Acid with thioglycolic acid - after it, the curls last only a month. The solution does not cause a sharp swelling of the hair, therefore it is not so harmful to them. If staining was previously performed, then this method of curling is optimal.
Neutral - chemicals contain allantoin, which softens the skin and hair. This perm is suitable for all hair types. Curls hold for a long time, being strong and elastic.
Biowave - the composition of the solution does not include ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and acid. Instead, they use an organic substance that gives the curls durability and a natural look. Among the most popular types of this type is the Italian perm with bamboo extract. It is not difficult to make a biological perm at home - you should buy the appropriate composition and follow the instructions.
Perm with lipid-protein complex LC2 (Japanese perm) is used for problematic hair. If you make a Japanese perm, then after it long curls remain for about 3 months, remaining shiny and elastic. Fine hair, pre-coloring, problematic skin - all these factors are mitigated thanks to the biphasic LC2 complex, which is part of the drug.

Pros and cons of perm

Advantages:

attractive appearance - the hair does not require constant twisting, the use of varnish for fixation;
saving time on daily haircuts.

Disadvantages:

violation of the structure of the hair, the appearance of their dryness and brittleness;
will have to buy funds for recovery;
the need for periodic shearing of split ends.

What is the best way to curl long hair? Curlers and how to curl them

1. Curlers - traditional thin curlers of various lengths, made of rubber. Hair wound on papillots turns into soft ring-shaped curls.

2. Bobbins - special wooden or plastic curlers in the form of sticks, fixed with an elastic band. The shape of the bobbins is straight and spiral, their diameter is different. If the hair is thin, you should choose bobbins of a smaller diameter. For long hair, winding on different types of bobbins is practiced: it is better to place thin sticks at the roots, and wind the ends of the hair onto larger bobbins.

3. Winding braids. To make long hair more magnificent, add volume to it, it is better to braid it into thin pigtails, and then wind it on bobbins.

4. Vellaformers - curlers made of latex bags. Strands are placed in them, after which the bags are compressed and curl the hair into soft wavy curls. This method is more suitable for long hair, as they remain straight at the roots.

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5. Perm on the ends of the hair - it is better to do it if there is not enough volume, and also if the hair is thin or cut in a cascade.

6. Classic perm - done on small bobbins using alkaline or acidic compounds. The curl turns out to be tough, being a good basis for styling. Hair after such a curl is laid with a hairdryer or wound on curlers. For hair, it is better if the classic perm is made on an alkaline basis.

How to do a perm at home? Basic moments

First of all, you need to find an experienced assistant and buy the following tools:

bobbins or curlers of different diameters (50 - 80 pieces);
two non-metallic combs;
two foam rubber sponges (for the main composition and fixative);
plastic cap and gloves;
chemical composition (it is better to buy a quality Schwarzkopf product, choosing it according to the type of hair, first you should do an allergy test)
latch - you can buy or make it yourself;
vinegar for rinsing;
shampoo;
recovery balm.

1. Hair is washed with shampoo, blotted and combed. It is worth knowing that perm on dyed hair is done only 2 to 3 weeks after dyeing. Otherwise, it happens that the color is lightened by two tones.

2. Strands are wound onto curlers or bobbins in a spiral (not with a flagellum).

3. Curlers are positioned in this way: from the crown down to the neck, after that - from the crown to the face. Then the hair of the temporal-lateral sections is curled.

4. After winding, the composition is applied in the following order: nape, crown, temples and side zones. How long to keep the solution depends on the hair - an average of 15 - 20 minutes.

5. After checking the quality of the curls, the hair is washed with warm water, without removing the curlers, and blotted with a towel.

6. The fixer is foamed, applied to the hair for 7-10 minutes, the curlers are removed. After that, the strands are fixed again with the remnants of the drug and left for 5 minutes.

7. Wash off with warm water, then rinse with vinegar solution (for long hair you need 3-4 liters of solution).

8. Dry the hair with a towel, apply Schwarzkopf restorative balm. If necessary, after that, styling is done on curlers to prevent the curls from drying out with a hair dryer.

Hair straightening after curling

It happens that after curling, the owner of curls does not satisfy her appearance. In this case, in the salon, you can straighten your hair in one of the following progressive ways:

keratin - a mixture of keratin and formaldehyde is applied to the hair; hair is straightened for 2 - 3 months;
Japanese - the preparation for leveling includes a protein complex that heals hair; the method gives an effect for 6-9 months;

In any case, straightening is not carried out immediately after curling - it should be that the hair is restored.

How much does a perm cost?

The cost of the procedure in the salon depends on which perm is chosen:

acidic - $ 100;
alkaline - $ 80;
biowave - $ 200:
Japanese - 180 dollars.

If you do a perm yourself, its price depends on how much the drugs cost and what the cost of the services of a professional assistant.

1. Schwarzkopf fixative lotion, 80 ml - price 180 rubles.
2. Composition for curling Schwarzkopf, 1 l - price 1000 rubles.
3. Schwarzkopf balm - 240 rubles.