Zigzag edge finishing. Zigzag edge sewing Machine zigzag stitch

Program section: Elements of engineering.

TOPIC: Zigzag stitch.

(paired lesson -2 hours)

The purpose of the lesson:

1. To introduce students to the peculiarity of using a zigzag stitch.

2. Repeat the safety rules when working on a universal electric machine and when working with stabbing and cutting equipment (needles, scissors), when performing wet-heat work.

3. To teach students how to make a welt appliqué using a zigzag stitch "Chamomile".

4. To cultivate aesthetic taste and accuracy in work.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS:

1. Two shreds 20 × 15 cm.

2. Interlining 20 × 15 cm.

3. Sewing threads.

4. Sewing machine.

5. Carbon paper.

6. Ready sample.

7. Pencil.

8. Scissors.

9. Transfer drawing.

10. Hand needles.

Visual equipment: safety tables when working on a universal electric machine and when working with stabbing and cutting equipment (needles, scissors).

DURING THE CLASSES.

In the lesson, we will learn how to make a slotted application and also remember the safety rules when working on a universal electric machine and when working with stabbing and cutting equipment (needles, scissors) and when performing wet-heat work.

Slicing cuts.

The most common way to protect cuts from shedding is overcasting the cuts. zigzag stitch. And the length and width of this line depends on what kind of fabric you will process. Slide. If the fabric is fraying a lot, then apply wide stitches with a small interval. For fabrics that do not fray, use narrower stitches with a maximum spacing. When working with thin fabrics, a zigzag stitch is laid at a distance of 5 mm from the cut, and then the seam allowances are cut close to the stitches. Slide.

1. With a strong fraying of the fabric - the stitches are wide, the interval is small.

2. With a weak friability of the fabric - the stitches are narrow, the interval is large.

Execution of the application. Slide.

Application- This is a pattern or decoration made from patches of fabric sewn or glued onto the base. The fabric is chosen depending on how often you will wash it. If you are applying on a pillowcase or on clothes, then it is better to choose fabrics with low friability. If you are doing the appliqué on a panel, then any fabric will do. It is better to sew the appliqué with embroidery threads. The color of the threads is selected to match the fabric.

Safety precautions when working on an electric sewing machine and wet heat work.

Application technology. Slide.

1. With the help of carbon paper and a sharpened pencil, the pattern for the application is transferred to the wrong side of the main fabric in a mirror image.

2. An adhesive pad is ironed on the wrong side of the applique fabric.

3. This fabric is laid with a lining down on the front side of the main fabric along the contour lines and basting.

4. Lay a small zigzag line along the contour of the pattern from the wrong side.

5. Cut off the applique fabric along the edges on the front side close to the stitching. Then once again a dense zigzag stitch is laid clearly according to the pattern on the front side.

PRACTICE: Completing the task on the slides.

Lesson Summary:

What is a zigzag stitch used for?

What determines the width and length of the zigzag stitch?

What is an application?

What is the best fabric for appliqué?

Tell us about the steps of the application.

HOMEWORK: Bring two pieces of 20 x 20 cm cotton fabric. We will study the devices for the sewing machine, and learn how to work on sewing machines using these devices.

The zigzag stitch, which has stitches at an angle to the straight line of the stitch, is used for overcasting, sewing on lace, seaming pieces, buttonholes, sewing on buttons, etc.

A zigzag stitch in household sewing machines is obtained by jointly moving the material along the stitch and the needle across the stitch (Fig. 15). The movement of the material is carried out after each puncture of the needle, as well as in lockstitch machines. For machines that perform a zigzag stitch, a mechanism for transverse movement of the needle (zigzag) is required.
The principle of operation of the zigzag mechanism is as follows. The needle bar moves along with the needle in a swinging frame. To prevent needle breakage, the needle bar frame should receive movement while the needle is out of the material. If the needle is in the material, the swing frame should stop. This stop motion is provided by a three-center cam mechanism. The three-center cam must complete the cycle of moving the needle bar frame in two needle punctures (from the right puncture to the left and back), i.e., in two revolutions of the main shaft.

On the main shaft 12 of the machine, a helical gear 11 is fixed, which transmits rotation to the gear 10 with a gear ratio of 2:1. Together with the gear 10, the three-center cam 9 also receives rotation, which is covered by the throat of the backstage 8. The backstage receives a rocking motion with a constant angle relative to the axis 7. If you want to get a zigzag stitch with a constant width, then it is enough to connect the backstage with the help of a rod 4 with the frame 2 of the needle bar. From the wings, the frame will receive a rocking motion with a constant angle.
However, the mechanism must provide a stitch with different zigzag widths. In addition, in most cases, such as buttonholes, you need a device to move the stitch to the right or left of the center line. These requirements complicate the mechanism somewhat.
In the upper groove 6 of the backstage, a stone 5 is placed, which, with the help of a rod 4, is connected to the hinge 3 (together with which the needle bar with the needle is located) of the oscillating frame. The frame oscillates about axis 1.
The stone 5 in the groove of the backstage can be installed at different distances from the swing axis 7 of the backstage and thereby adjust the amount of horizontal movement of the thrust 4, and consequently, the swing angle of the needle bar frame and the width of the zigzag. In the event that the stone 5 is set against the rocking axis 7 of the rocker, the needle bar frame will not receive lateral movement and the machine will perform a straight stitch. If the axis 7 of the backstage is shifted to the right by an amount equal to half the width of the zigzag, then the line itself will shift to the right by this amount, and the width of the zigzag will change due to the displacement of the left needle puncture. The right needle punctures will be located on the same line, shifted to the right from the midline (Fig. 15, b).
If the axis 7 of the backstage is shifted to the left, then the line will also shift to the left, and the width of the zigzag will change due to the shift of the right needle puncture (Fig. 15, c). With the middle position of the axis 7 of the wings, the change in the width of the zigzag occurs symmetrically with respect to the middle position of the line (Fig. 15, d).
In machines that perform a zigzag stitch, the mechanisms of the thread take-up and feed motor are no different from the mechanisms of a lockstitch machine.
In most cases, the swing (rotation) axis of the shuttle is located perpendicular to the axis of the machine platform so that the shuttle can capture the loop of the needle both with its left puncture and with its right (Fig. 16). With the right puncture of the needle, the shuttle must travel a longer distance from the extreme position (point A) to the needle than with the left puncture of the needle. The conditions for capturing the loop with the nose of the shuttle are different: the greater the width of the zigzag, the worse these conditions are. The conditions for withdrawing the loop from the shuttle are also different. Therefore, the swing angle of the shuttle for machines that perform a zigzag stitch is usually 220 - 224 ° (more than for straight stitch machines).

Section: Mechanical Engineering Grade 7

Topic: "Using a zigzag stitch"

Target: Learn how to appliqué with a zigzag stitch

Tasks:

Familiarize yourself with the use of a zigzag stitch, with the concept of "application", with methods for making applications; teach how to set up a sewing machine for a zigzag stitch, adjust the length and width of a zigzag stitch;

Repeat safety precautions when working on a sewing machine, when working with piercing and cutting tools;

Develop logical thinking, cognitive activity, creative imagination;

Cultivate attentiveness, aesthetic taste, accuracy skills.

Equipment: textbook, notebook, needle, thread, scissors, interlining, pieces of various materials, sewing machine, visual samples of applications, presentation (personal development)

Time: 2 lessons of 40 min.

Teaching methods:

problem

verbal

communication

practical exercise method

health-saving

During the classes:

I .Organizing time

Greeting students.

Check readiness for the lesson.

Set to work.

II . Statement of the problem (actualization of knowledge)

Everyone has faced a problem at least once in their life. Your favorite jeans are torn. How to be? Suggest options to fix the problem.

Children put forward their ideas.

The teacher draws a diagram on the blackboard

III . Lesson topic message

- Today in the lesson we will learn how to make an appliqué using a zigzag stitch. Lesson topic: "Using a zigzag stitch"

IV .The study of new material is accompanied by a slide show from the presentation

First, consider the concept of "application" (2 slide)

Application - an artistic image obtained by gluing or sewing onto a base (fabric, paper, etc.) multi-colored pieces from various materials.

Application types:

A simple application is such an application, all the elements of which are sewn on some common background. As a rule, these are single, small compositions. (3 slide)

Volumetric appliqué is an appliqué with the use of drawing elements, partially fixed on the background. Part of the application is freely located above the background, giving the picture volume. (Slide 4)

Semi-volume application. To give volume to individual parts of the application, a synthetic winterizer, batting or some other bulk material is laid between the base and the part (5 slide)

Removable application. The finished appliqué is cut out along the contour and used as an independent product (on a wilcro tape, thermal applications) (slide 6)

Multi-layer appliqué This appliqué is used when creating landscape or plot compositions. The background of the base is gradually covered by the details of the picture, creating a single whole. (Slide 7)

Let's remember in what ways it is possible to fix the application of fixing the application on the fabric? (The appliqué elements are attached to the base: with glue, with a needle (satin stitch, buttonhole, tambour or other decorative stitch) (8 slide)

In addition, the appliqué can be attached to the sewing machine with a zigzag stitch. Let's look at how to install a zigzag stitch on a sewing machine and how to adjust it. (9 slide)

(the teacher demonstrates the stitch regulator knobs on the sewing machine, on the samples he shows how long and how often the zigzag stitch is)

Let's think about what else you can use a zigzag stitch for? (for decorative trim and to protect cuts from shedding) (10 slide)

The choice of zigzag stitch length and width depends on the properties of the fabric:

if the fabric is very frayed, wide and short stitches are used for processing

for slightly shedding fabric, on the contrary, narrower and longer stitches (11 slide)

When processing thin fabrics, sections overcast with a zigzag stitch tighten the fabric and turn out to be sloppy. To avoid this, zigzag stitch at a distance of 5mm from the cut, and then cut the seam allowances close to the stitches. (12 slide)

V . Physical education minute (Annex 1) (13 slide)

VI . Performing practical work.

The teacher shows the finished application of the elephant and asks questions:

How many parts does an application have?

What needs to be done with the details of the application so that their edges do not crumble?

Which part will be sewn first, and which second?

Children answer (from 2 parts, you need to duplicate the parts with non-woven fabric, we will first sew the 1st part (torso), and then the 2nd part)

The teacher pronounces the sequence of practical work: "Performing an application using a zigzag stitch" (14 slide)

Children ask questions if something is not clear.

Children

start doing practical work.

The teacher oversees the practical work. Helps if needed.

VII . Summing up and reflection.

Review questions:

Why is it necessary to overcast the cut parts of the cut?

What is the peculiarity of overcasting thick and thin fabrics?

What is an application?

What types of applications are there?

Where is the application used?

Reflection: Is the lesson information useful? Will the practical skills of performing the application be useful to you later in life?

The teacher grades the lesson and gives out homework.

Children tidy up

Attachment 1

Gymnastics for the eyes

Eye movement along a horizontal line to the right and left.
Eye movement in a vertical line up and down.
Circular movements with open eyes clockwise and counterclockwise.
Bringing the eyes to the bridge of the nose, then look into the distance.
Bringing the eyes to the tip of the nose, then look into the distance.
Bringing the eyes to the forehead, then look into the distance.
Accommodation exercise.
Put your palms on your closed eyes, take a sharp deep breath through your nose, then exhale slowly through your mouth, after 20-30 seconds remove your palms and open your eyes.

Exercises for the cervical spine
Perform each exercise 6-8 times.
Sliding the chin down on the sternum.
"Turtle": head tilts back and forth.
Head tilts left and right.
"Doggy": rotation of the head around an imaginary axis passing through the nose and back of the head.
"Owl": turning the head to the right and left.
"Pumpkin": circular movements of the head in one direction and the other.

Appendix 2

Practical work:

"Sewing an Appliqué with a Zigzag Stitch"

Transfer the appliqué design onto tracing paper with a sharpened pencil

Choose the fabric for the appliqué (for the body of the elephant and for the ear).

Cut out adhesive strips of the appropriate size.

Iron the patches of adhesive pad onto the wrong side of the applique fabric.

Transfer the applique design to the wrong side of the non-woven reinforced colored fabric in a mirror image using carbon paper and a sharply sharpened pencil.

Cut out the fabric pieces with small, sharp scissors.

Lay the 1st piece first, lining down, on the right side of the main fabric in the previously marked place and baste. Then place the 2nd piece, padding down, on the right side of the 1st piece in the previously marked area and baste.

Choose a color (to match the fabric or a contrasting color) and the thickness of the threads for the appliqué. Select the appropriate stitch width, stitch length and thread tension on pieces of fabric. Lay a zigzag stitch along the edges, first of the 1st part, and then of the 2nd part.

Pull the ends of the threads to the wrong side and tie them. Iron the work.

Sew a button in place of the eye.

Annex 3

Application Template

2nd detail

1st detail

The zigzag stitch is elastic, strong enough and looks interesting, which essentially makes it universal. Most sewing machines have a zigzag stitch, but you can also sew zigzag stitches by hand without much difficulty.

Steps

Simple zigzag stitch

Insert the needle into the fabric from the wrong side. Insert the needle into the fabric at the starting point of your seam (at the A). Bring it from the wrong side to the front side of the fabric.

• Pull the thread all the way so that the knot at the end of the thread lies close to the wrong side of the fabric.
• starting point A should be located in the lower right corner of the zigzag stitch.

1. Make a vertical stitch up. Draw the thread vertically along the right side of the fabric and insert the needle into the fabric just above the point A. The new puncture point will be the point B.

   • Pull the thread all the way to the wrong side of the fabric, creating a vertical stitch on the right side from point A to the point B. The stitch should stand straight and not beveled to the side.
   • Distance between points A And B will determine the width of the seam. Unless you have any specific instructions, a width of 6mm will suffice.

2. Return the needle to the starting point. Pass the needle through the fabric again A. Pull the needle and thread all the way to the front.

   • Pull up the thread so that a vertical stitch is formed from the inside, duplicating the vertical stitch that is on the right side.

3. Sew a diagonal stitch to the left. Pass the thread diagonally along the front side and insert the needle into the fabric to the left of the point B on the same level as her. This will be the point C.

   • Horizontal distance between points B And C should roughly correspond to the width of the seam. In this example, this distance is 6 mm.
   • Pull the thread to the wrong side so that an even diagonal stitch is formed from the face, connecting the points A And C.

4. Return the needle to the right side under the end point of the diagonal stitch. Bring the needle from the wrong side to the front side at a point that is directly below the point C on the same level as the dot A(to her left). The new point will be a point D.

   • Pull the thread all the way out, creating a vertical stitch on the wrong side between the dots. C And D.
   • This step completes one link of the zigzag stitch.

5. Repeat the above steps until the very end of the seam. Finish the seam with a vertical stitch.

   • When completing each next link of the zigzag seam, rename the points from the very beginning. In other words, dot C should turn into a dot B, and the point D- exactly A next stitch.
   • • A And B on the front side of the fabric;
     • sew a vertical stitch between the dots B And A on the wrong side of the fabric, again bringing the needle to the front side at the point A;
     • on the right side of the fabric, sew a diagonal stitch to the left of the point A to the point C;
     • sew a vertical stitch along the wrong side of the fabric from the point C to the point D, bringing the needle to the front side at the point D.
   • Finish the seam with a vertical stitch on the right side of the fabric from the point D to the point C.
   • Make sure that the length and width of all seam links remain constant.

6. To convert a simple zigzag stitch into a decorative diamond stitch, bring out the needle at the bottom of the last vertical stitch. Rename the endpoints of the last vertical stitch so that its bottom point becomes a dot E, and the top one is a dot F. Bring the needle to the right side of the fabric at the point E.

   • If you did everything correctly earlier, then at the end of the seam the thread will stick out from the wrong side of the fabric at the point F.
   • To complete this step, sew a vertical stitch on the wrong side from the point F to the point E and bring the needle to the front side through the point E.

7. Draw a diagonal stitch to the right, making a cross with the previous diagonal stitch. Place the thread diagonally to the right and insert the needle into the fabric at the top of the nearest vertical stitch, which will now be labeled as a dot. G. Pull the thread all the way to the wrong side so that an even diagonal stitch forms from the face.

   • The new stitch should go across and in the middle of the last diagonal stitch of the plain zigzag. As a result, you will get a cross.
   • Please note that the dot G will be to the right of the point F on the same level as her.

8. Duplicate the vertical stitch from the inside out. Bring the needle to the right side at the lowest point of the current vertical stitch on which the thread is located. Now this point can be denoted as a point H.

   • Dot H will be directly below the point G and to the right of the dot E.

9. Go in the same way to the very end of the seam (to the right). Sew additional diagonal stitches along the right side of the seam until you have completely gone all the way from its left to the right extreme point. Finish the seam by duplicating the very first vertical stitch you made at the beginning.

   • These stitches will be almost identical to the stitches you made when you zigzag to the left, but now they will slant the other way (left to right, not right to left).
   • For each subsequent stitch:
     • duplicate vertical stitch between dots E And F on the front side of the fabric;
     • F And E on the wrong side of the fabric and again bring the needle to the front side at the point E;
     • sew a diagonal stitch to the right on the right side of the point E to the point G;
     • sew a vertical stitch between the dots G And H on the wrong side of the fabric and bring the needle to the right side at the point H.
   • At the end of the seam, it is necessary to lay a vertical stitch between the last points H And G.

10. Tie a knot inside out. If you did everything right, the needle and thread will be on the wrong side of the fabric. Tie the thread in a knot and cut off the excess to complete the decorative zigzag stitch.

    • To tie a knot:
      • hook the needle on the thread of the fabric at a point that is in close proximity to the point where the sewing thread is currently coming out;
      • before pulling out the sewing thread completely, thread the needle into the loop formed; repeat the procedure two or three more times, and then tighten the loop. You will have a strong knot.

    Chain stitch zigzag stitch

    1. Bring the needle from the wrong side of the fabric to the front. Insert the needle from the inside out and bring it out to the right side of the fabric. Start sewing from the lower left corner of the future seam. This will be the point A.

       • Pull the thread all the way to the right side so that the knot on the thread fits snugly against the wrong side.

    2. Insert the tip of the needle back at the same point. Insert the tip of the needle exactly at the same point A, which can now be denoted as AA.

       • Note that the dots A And AA represent the same place. However, in some cases, several threads of fabric may separate them, for example, to make it easier for you to catch a stitch loop from a needle.
       • Do not pull the needle and thread to the wrong side. For now, just insert the tip of the needle into the fabric.

    3. Bring the tip of the needle out of the fabric diagonally to the left and up. Place the tip of the needle diagonally on the wrong side of the fabric (at a 45 degree angle). Bring it to the front side of the fabric at a point that is to the left and above the point AA. This will be the point B.

       • Distance between points AA And B will determine the length of your stitches. Unless otherwise instructed, use 3mm stitches as this is usually considered the best option.
       • Do not yet pull the needle and thread completely out of the points AA And B.

    4. Loop the thread under the tip of the needle. With your fingers, lay the thread coming from the point AA, under the tip of the needle, sticking out of the point B.

The zigzag attachment for a sewing machine is an ingenious device that imitates the execution of a zigzag stitch by a conventional Podolsk-type lock-stitch machine, a stitch that was not originally revised in the design of the machine.

You should not buy such a prefix, because it will not be able to perform a zigzag line with high quality. But if you already have such a prefix, let's figure out how to use it.

The device and connection of the zigzag attachment

The device of the zigzag attachment is quite complicated, but its operation can be explained quite simply. To form a stitch, the zigzag deviates to the side (to the right, to the left), not the sewing needle, but the fabric. Such an ingenious solution is provided by the complex operation of this mechanism, which makes no sense to describe.

The attachment is attached in the same way as other legs, by tightening the screw that secures the leg of the foot.
On the other hand, the plug of the device is wound up behind the needle fastening screw.

The needle bar, moving up or down, respectively lowers and raises the fork of the device. The fork gives certain movements to the prefix, as a result, an offset line is formed that looks like a zigzag line.

This is what is written in the instructions for the zigzag prefix.
The zigzag attachment for household lockstitch machines is designed to make a zigzag seam on cotton, linen and silk fabrics. Most often it is used when performing the following operations: attaching lace and ribbons, processing the edge of the fabric without the seam going beyond the edge.

But the most important thing to pay attention to is written here.
The prefix is ​​used with household sewing machines of classes 2M, 102 of the Podolsk Mechanical Plant, as well as with machines of some foreign companies with a distance between the axes of the needle bar and the presser foot bar equal to 14 mm.

This photo shows another "wonder attachment" doing overcasting. Naturally, this is more like a circus act and refers to funny inventions and devices, nothing more.

An overlock line cannot be replaced by any lockstitch sewing machine, and even more so by various kinds of devices and devices. Including the so-called overlock sewing machine. But a high-quality imitation of an overlock stitch can be created using such a special foot.
This foot can only be installed on a sewing machine that performs a zigzag stitch.
The zigzag prefix is ​​​​installed only on an old-style straight-line machine.

Special sewing feet and other devices increase the capabilities of even the simplest model of a sewing machine by an order of magnitude.

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