Mini museum as a means of moral patriotic education. Abstract on patriotic education on the topic "tour of the mini museum"
The main purpose of this article is to show readers how the teaching staff of the kindergarten, through the creation of a mini-museum, is trying to influence the upbringing of patriotic feelings among preschoolers. The article pays attention to the idea of a mini-museum, its content is described in detail. This article can be interesting and useful for kindergarten teachers, as well as for all educating adults.
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Mini-museum in kindergarten,
As a means of patriotic education of preschoolers
Like a small tree that barely appeared above the ground,
A caring gardener strengthens the root, from power
Which depends on the life of the plant for
Several decades, so the teacher should
Take care of educating your children's feelings
Boundless love for the motherland.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
The upbringing of patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the tasks of moral education, which includes the upbringing of love for loved ones, for kindergarten, hometown and homeland. The most difficult is the work of cultivating love for the native city and native country. The question arises: how are patriotic feelings manifested in preschool children? How can a preschooler express these feelings? What should a teacher strive for?
Initially, it is important for us to remember that a preschooler perceives the reality around him emotionally, therefore, patriotic feelings for his native city, for his native country manifest themselves in a sense of admiration for his city, his country. It is these feelings that we need to evoke in the process of getting to know our native land.
Our kindergarten is located in one of the picturesque and unique beauty corners of the Volga nature, on the left bank of the Volga. The village, which is famous as a village of rivermen.
Our task is to teach pupils to experience feelings of pride, joy, from the fact that they live in such a wonderful area.
We understand that such feelings cannot arise after several, even successful classes. This is the result of a long, systematic and targeted impact on the child.
For many years, organizing work on patriotic education, kindergarten teachers have used and use various forms and methods of work:
- targeted walks and excursions around the village;
- observation of the working life of people, changes in the appearance of the village;
- conversations about the native village;
- the use of folklore (learning songs, poems about the homeland and the region, proverbs, sayings);
- listening to songs about the native land;
- involvement of children in feasible socially useful work;
- encouragement of the initiative and desire of children to independently maintain order in the immediate environment, take care of public property, and behave correctly in public places;
- fostering respect for veterans of war and labor, talking about the exploits of soldiers, arranging themed holidays, inviting veterans, warriors, heroes of labor.
We noticed that children of senior preschool age are interested in visiting the museum of local lore in the House of Culture of the village. While visiting the museum, children get acquainted with the history of the settlement, which began more than 150 years ago. Models of water transport were an attractive exhibit: the children looked with delight at steamboats, barges, and various vessels. They listened attentively to the stories about them. This prompted the teachers to the idea of creating their own mini-museum about the river fleet within the walls of the kindergarten, calling it "The River".
Let us dwell in more detail on the creation of the Rechnichok mini-museum in the methodical office. By means of the mini-museum, the kindergarten pupils become more familiar with the river fleet, on which the residents of the village work conscientiously - they are engaged in ship repair, transportation of passengers and goods along waterways.
The purpose of the mini-museum is the patriotic education of preschoolers, the essence of which, from our point of view, is to nurture in the child's soul the seeds of love for their native land, the history of their village, for everything created by the labor of adults and loved ones. We believe that without knowledge of one's own roots, traditions and history of one's native land, it is impossible to bring up a full-fledged person who loves his parents, his home, his country.
The tasks set by the teaching staff are as follows:
1. Contribute to the strengthening of pride in the historical and modern achievements of the village and its citizens.
2. Activation of interest in the study of the history of their native land and the formation of a sense of respect for the past of their small Motherland, its heroic pages.
3. Education of patriotic feelings and citizenship.
What is the content of the mini-museum "Rechnichok"?
Firstly, this is a model of the Volga River with all types of river transport (passenger ship, cargo ship, rocket, etc.).
Secondly, models: a buoy, sea knots, a helm, an anchor, a bollard, binoculars, as well as a real captain's cap and a sailor's collar.
Thirdly, the albums: "Everything for the front, everything for victory", reflecting the life of the shipbuilding and ship repair plant named after the 40th anniversary of October during the war years, "River transport" with photographs and descriptions of each liner. Informative material about the shipyard and its workers can be drawn from the colorful anniversary newspaper "Borskaya Pravda", the book of the author A.P. Moiseev "Faithful to the traditions of the Volgars", which helps educators introduce children to the topic presented.
The decoration of the mini-museum is the talking doll "Seaman". A feature of the mini-museum is that all its exhibits can not only be seen, but also touched, tried on and even played.
Kindergarten workers and parents took part in the creation of the mini-museum.
One of the interesting tricks was the offer to a child in the senior preschool group to take on the role of a guide when children visit the museum. Children who have repeatedly visited the museum with a teacher are already quite familiar with the exhibits and can tell
The organization of the process of formation of patriotic feelings of pupils through the mini-museum of our pupils is based on the basic principles:
- from near to far;
- reliance on the children's own experience, real affairs and events in the family, kindergarten, village, country;
- family interaction;
- systematic;
- transferring knowledge to take into account their educational value.
Thus, the teaching staff tries to pay great attention to the patriotic education of preschoolers and organizes the process of forming civil and patriotic feelings.
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Theme "Tomorrow grows out of yesterday"
Educator: Raskina S.A.
2015
Type of: cognitive research
VIEW: excursion
Target:
Improvement of moral education, development of the child's personal culture, as the basis of his love for his native land, his Fatherland.
Tasks:
Educational:
1. Refine and deepen the knowledge and ideas of children about Russia as a state in which they live. (Territory, President, capital, language).
2. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the symbols of their native country (coat of arms, flag,hymn)
3. Deepen children's knowledge of deciphering the colors of the flag.
Developing: continue to develop the speech and thinking of children, the ability to argue their statements. To develop creative imagination and the desire to study the history of our country, to arouse in children the desire and ability to listen to their comrades.
Educational: to cultivate feelings of pride in the Motherland, a sense of belonging to its fate, to cultivate feelings of respect and gratitude for the defenders of the Motherland, based on specific historical facts available to children and causing them emotional experiences. Maintain cognitive interest in the history of your country, develop attention, memory, imagination, logical thinking, develop fine motor skills.
Preliminary work with children: looking at pictures, reading books, talking, listening to music, solving riddles, learning proverbs and sayings, walking around the native village, visiting the children's library, visiting the mini museum on patriotic education, visiting the museum of military glory in a rural school,visiting the monuments to the fallen soldiers located on the territory of our village. Acquaintance of children with the symbols of Russia.
Equipment: interactive whiteboard, laptop, stands decorated with photos of soldiers, letters from soldiers, their biography. Split pictures depicting military equipment, a candle of memory.
Demo material: symbols of Russia (coat of arms, flag, anthem).
Museum exhibits: a soldier's helmet, a bayonet knife, a soldier's flask, a soldier's shovel, bullet casings, a shell casing, a soldier's belt, a military revolver, a front-line letter, military medals.
Members:Children of the senior group, educators.Expected results:Children will recognize the monument dedicated to the unknown soldiers.Arouse interest in monuments, in personal items of heroes.Arouse a desire to learn more information about the period of the Second World War.to form knowledge in children about the life of a soldier during the Second World War.Technologies used: health-saving, technology of research activities.
Types of children's activities:
communicative, cognitive-research, productive.
Lesson progress:
Children enter the hall to the music, greet guests.
Educator: Guys, I have prepared a riddle for you, please listen.
The tour guide told us,
How to get into such and such a room.
We saw the mummy,
What did you wear, discerned.
Even a mammoth is standing here,
Eye closed, as if asleep.
If you are not a mouthpiece,
Then go quickly to the (museum).
Educator: Correctly guessed. Can you tell me what a museum is?
Children: Museum-institution engaged in the collection, study, storage of objects-monuments of history.
The museum keeps the history of things.
And those who are no longer with us, people,
He will grow in glory everywhere.
While we are proud of our history.
Educator: Guys, who knows what museums are?
Children: Artistic (collectible works of art).
Technical (collecting equipment).
Literary (collectible items testifying to the life of prominent people).
Historical (collecting historical documents).
Educator: And who conducts excursions to museums?
Children : Guide.
Educator: And now guys, I suggest you take a tour of the museum. And the guides in this museum, wake up yourself.
Children: It is good that we have museums, which means that the thread of time has not been interrupted.
So together we can do it
We keep an invisible connection with the past.
You came to the museum not just as a guest,
Here you revive the memory of the heart.
Maybe it'll get a little easier
We understand today.
Touch someone else's fate and life
You bow to the exploits of the fathers
Also learn to serve the Fatherland,
To live your life with dignity!
Let the path to the museum not overgrow,
Let our children grow up
Let everyone quickly realize:
Tomorrow grows out of yesterday.
Educator: Here we are with you and in museums. What kind of city welcomes us?
Child (tour guide): This the capital of Russia, Moscow.
Moscow is red square,
Moscow is the tower of the Kremlin,
Moscow is the heart of Russia,
who loves you.
And the president of our country is Vladimir Putin.
Each country has its own state symbols. The symbols of Russia are the coat of arms, the flag,hymn. The flag of Russia is a tricolor tricolor.
Children: White color-birch
Blue-sky color
red stripe
fiery dawn.
Educator: Guys, now tell me what the colors on the Russian flag mean.
Children: White is the color of the world. The white color says that our country is peaceful, that it does not attack anyone.
Blue color - loyalty, faith, the people love their country and protect it, remain faithful to it.
Red is the color of strength, the blood shed for the country.
Child (guide): But this is the coat of arms of Russia.
Children: Rossi has a majestic
Double-headed eagle on the coat of arms,
To the west, to the East
He could look right away.
He is strong, wise and proud
He is a free spirit of Russia.
Child (guide): The anthem of Russia is the main solemn song of the country. The anthem is performed during holidays and important events. When the anthem is played, everyone stands up, and the men even take off their hats.
The anthem of Russia sounds: sl. S. Mikhalkov, music. A.Alexandrov
Educator: Each of us has one big Motherland - this is Russia. And each of us has our own small Motherland. This is the house in which we live, our family, our relatives and friends, our village.
The child tells a poem about the small Motherland .
And in Russia, the strongest, the best army.
Educator: Offers children a didactic game, "Collect a picture". After the game, the children call the Rada of the Troops.
All this is the present of our country. But any nation and country has a past. And we turn to the last page of our history. (Song recording sounds“ Holy war”)
Child (guide): On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. The enemy attacked our peaceful country suddenly, without declaring war on us. (Slide No. 1) In those days, Adolf Hitler was at the head of Germany. He wanted to conquer Russia, because our country is huge and rich. He wanted to take wealth to Germany, destroy part of the people with everything, and bring the rest far beyond the Urals to special settlements behind barbed wire. (Slide No. 2) But Hitler's plan was not destined to come true, everyone rose to defend their country, from small to large. (Slide #3)
Educator: Guys, why was the war called the Great Patriotic War.
Children: The word "great" means very large, huge, enormous. After all, the war captured the entire territory of Russia.
Patriotic - because it was a just war aimed at protecting their fatherland. The whole country rose to fight the enemy.
Child (guide): The whole earth burned under the feet of the enemy. Everyone worked for the front, for victory. But it was especially hard for children during the war years.
Educator: Yes, indeed, guys, children suffered a lot during the war years. For example, in besieged Leningrad, the daily norm of bread was 125 g. (Showing a piece of bread by the teacher).
Children's scene :
Educator: guys, a lot of ordinary people during the war years performed feats, received the title of hero. Dima will tell us about one of these people, our fellow villager.
Child: Konobeevsky M.G. was born in the village of Novozavedennoye in 1908. He was called to the front in 1941. He bravely fought in the tank troops. He died defending the village of Olkhovatka, blowing himself up and his tank. The name of the hero in the village of Olkhovatka now bears the school.
Educator: Guys pay attention to these triangles. What it is?
Children : These are front letters..
Educator: Letters to soldiers at the front were delivered by field mail, field mail because it delivered letters even in the field, to the battlefield.And indeed, the guys, the fighters, having received letters from home, danced for joy. And how priceless were the children's news from the distant rear. They told the soldier that it was imperative to hold out, to defeat the enemy in order to return a peaceful, happy, calm life to the earth. A soldier will read such a letter and it seems that his strength will increase. And how important it was for the mother of a soldier to receive news from the front that her son was alive and well.
Child: If you want to know about the war .
And about the May victorious spring
Ask a soldier's mother
Years frozen on the pages
He will always be twenty-two
Mom, I'm healthy and alive
Tomorrow is the last fight
Educator: And guys, to support the patriotic spirit of our soldiers during the Second World War, a lot of songs were written.
Who said that you have to give up songs in the war
After the battle, the heart asks for music in twins.
Guys, name the songs that were performed during the war years.
Children: "Blue handkerchief", "In the dugout", "Airplanes first",
"Smuglyanka", "We haven't been home for a long time", "Katyusha".
Child tour guide: Grateful people erected monuments to the wars of the liberators.
One of the monuments is located in the German capital Berlin.
This is a monument to the war liberator with a girl in her arms.
It was in May, at dawn.
The battle grew near the walls of the Reichstag.
I noticed a German girl
Our soldier on the dusty pavement.
At the pillar, trembling, she stood,
There was fear in his blue eyes.
And pieces of whistling metal
Death and torment sowed around.
Then he remembered how saying goodbye in the summer
He kissed his daughter.
Maybe the girl's father
He shot his own daughter.
But then, in Berlin, under fire
A fighter crawled, and shielding his body
Girl in a short white dress
Carefully removed from the fire.
And, stroking with a gentle palm,
He dropped her to the ground.
They say that in the morning Marshal Konev
Stalin reported this.
How many children have their childhood returned
Gave joy and spring
Privates of the Soviet Army
The people who won the war!
And in Berlin, on a festive date,
Was erected to stand for centuries,
Monument to the Soviet soldier
With a rescued girl in her arms.
It stands as a symbol of our glory,
Like a beacon glowing in the dark.
It is he, the soldier of my state,
Protects peace throughout the earth.
G. Rublev
Educator: Guys, now take carnations each and laying flowers at the monument to the war of the liberator, tell me what qualities a hero should have.
Children: Brave, kind, courageous, courageous, intelligent, caring, strong, defender of the weak, love the Motherland, courageous, fearless, fearless, strong, healthy, powerful, heroic.
Educator: Guys, do you know that warriors of victors have long been praised in songs, poems, proverbs. Remember proverbs and sayings about military courage and strength.
Children: A smart fighter is well done everywhere.
The strong win, the coward dies
Hero for the motherland.
Keep the honor of a soldier holy.
To live and serve the Motherland.
A brave fighter in battle, well done.
The stronger the friendship, the easier the service.
If the army is strong, the country is invincible.
Russian neither with a sword, nor with a kalach does not joke.
Educator: All peoples remember and honor the memory of those who died defending their country, their people. Now I will take this memory candle and passing it to each other, we will say how our people remember their heroes (the children form a circle and pass the candle to each other).
Children: In memory of the heroes, poets compose poems.
Composers write songs.
Monuments are erected to them.
Temples are consecrated in their honor.
Their names are called cities, villages, streets, educational institutions.
Movies are made about them.
They write books.
They come to bow to the mass graves, to the places of military battles.
Flowers are laid during the holidays.
(clock ticking)
Educator: Reading lines of a poem
Remember! Through the centuries, through the years - remember!
About those who will never come again - remember!
People! In memory of the fallen, be worthy, remember.
The dates of June 22, 1941 and May 9, 1945 will forever remain in the memory of people. The war went on for 1418 days and nights, it claimed 20 million lives. And finally, May 1945.
Child: Victory Day! Sun of May
Music is heard everywhere
Veterans put on military orders
Glory Glory to Veterans
Educator: So our journey has come to an end, you have learned a lot, remembered a lot. And most importantly, what did you understand?
Children: We need peace!
Child: Let the stork nest on the roof
Cranes chirp in the sky
Let there be peace! We need him so much!
He is needed by the children of all the earth.
(children's drawings “We need peace” are on the screen).
1 child: I'll draw a bright sun!
I'll paint blue skies!
I'll draw a light in the window!
I'll draw ears of bread!
We'll paint autumn leaves
Garden, stream, restless friends
And cross out with our common brush
Shots, explosions, fire and wars!
2 child: Raise the drawings higher
So that everyone can see them
What would everyone hear today
Closing song "Let there always be sunshine"
Solar circle, the sky around -
This is a drawing of a boy.
He drew on a piece of paper
And signed in the corner:
May there always be sunshine
May there always be sky
May there always be a mother
May I always be.
May there always be sunshine
May there always be sky
May there always be a mother
May I always be.
My dear friend, my dear friend,
People really want peace.
And at thirty-five the heart again
Do not get tired of repeating:
May there always be sunshine
May there always be sky
May there always be a mother
May I always be.
May there always be sunshine
May there always be sky
May there always be a mother
May I always be.
(from the experience of MDOU No. 52, Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Region)
A tribe unable to educate in
offspring the desire to preserve
and protect the established culture,
tradition is doomed to extinction.
A state that does not aim
educate their citizens in the spirit
patriotism has no future.
J. Byron
At present, one of the most important problems of society is the state of spiritual and moral health of a person. The concept of preschool education defines the tasks of forming a physically healthy, spiritually, richly moral, creative, thinking person.
The basis of the new Education Concept is the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. It defines the basic principles of preschool education, among them “introducing children to socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state; taking into account the ethno-cultural situation of children's development" . Everyone knows that preschool age is the foundation of the overall development of the child, the starting period of all high human principles.
Preschool education institutions, being the initial link in the education system in our country, are designed to form children's primary ideas about the world around them, their attitude to reality, and also to enable preschoolers to feel like citizens of their homeland from the earliest years. Civil-patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. This task can be successfully solved within the framework of museum pedagogy.
"Museum Pedagogy" … Today, this phrase is familiar to everyone who is involved in the upbringing and education of the younger generation.
"Museum Pedagogy is a field of science that studies the history, features of the cultural educational activities of museums, the methods of influence of museums on various categories of visitors, the interaction of museums with educational institutions" . (Pedagogical Dictionary)
Raising a sense of patriotism in preschoolers is a complex and lengthy process.
The education of a preschooler child, first of all, is based on the emotional, sensual side of his personality, which is associated with the peculiarities of child psychology. And just the museum pedagogy, which arose at the intersection of psychology, pedagogy, museology, art and local history, creates conditions for the development of the child's personality by including it in a variety of activities, covering the emotional, intellectual, and activity spheres.
Museum pedagogy in recent decades has become very popular in the system of preschool education and upbringing - museum programs are being created, books are being published, methodological recommendations are being developed.
The goals and main tasks of museum pedagogy in the field of preschool education are well known to teachers.
The purpose of museum pedagogy is to create conditions for the development of the individual by including it in the diverse activities of the museum.
Tasks of museum pedagogy:
- fostering love for the native land and people who care about its prosperity;
- the formation of self-consciousness, the formation of an active life position;
- development of creative and organizational skills;
- formation of joint activities for children and adults on the basis of museum practice;
- the formation of preschoolers' ideas about the museum;
- development of cognitive abilities and cognitive activity;
- development of speech and expansion of vocabulary;
- fostering a culture of behavior.
Today, a preschool organization sees a museum as a partner in solving problems related to the civil and patriotic education of children through the implementation of museum and pedagogical activities, both in a museum environment and in a kindergarten.
The program has been successfully implemented in the city since 1999. "I am a Kopeychanin!" , whose tasks are to solve the problems of moral and spiritual education of children, the upbringing of a sense of patriotism and pride in their city, region. The program includes most kindergartens in the center of the city and villages. Excursions-classes, game programs dedicated to folk holidays and rituals are held in the museum with preschoolers, visits to various thematic exhibitions are organized. At the end of each lesson, children reflect the received ideas in drawing, modeling, application, design.
For more than 15 years, our kindergarten has been working with the Museum of Local Lore under the program "I am a Kopeychanin!" . At the beginning of each academic year, we conclude a cooperation agreement, adjust the thematic plan, the time of classes in the museum with older preschoolers, and these are 5-6 groups of kindergarten, about 150 or more children.
Classes in the museum we start with a block "Getting to Know Your Hometown" . This is symbolic and is connected with the fact that at the end of summer, our city celebrates its birthday and Miner's Day. This significant event is celebrated annually in our preschool institution. At the festival, children in a playful way receive initial knowledge about Kopeysk.
And in the future, visiting excursions - classes from the thematic block "Memorial places of the native city" , preschoolers learn a lot about their hometown and reinforce new knowledge in everyday life, considering group exhibitions that are made out in kindergarten, creating drawings on the theme “My favorite place in the city” . Classes in the museum from the cycle "Symbols of the native city, region, country" also find continuation both in direct educational activities in kindergarten, and in the design of the educational environment of the group.
The children of the school preparatory group really like the play activities related to getting to know the work of a miner, which are held both in the museum and in the kindergarten.
Traditionally, thematic classes are held in senior and preparatory groups on September 1 "My small homeland" . In the classroom, children remember the most beautiful places in their city, learn the legend of coal, the history of How did the city get its name? . They draw a place where they would take the guests of the city, come up with a new district of the city and with pleasure depict its plan. And as a result of all this activity with children, our pupils are very consciously approaching participation in various city competitions related to our city and deservedly take first places in them.
First places in creative competitions "Your city is your home" "Give the City Joy" in the nomination "City of the worker-city of the hero" Attending classes in the ethnography hall, children learn about the life of the Urals, about the world of antiques.
In a preschool institution, with the help of parents, who are today full-fledged participants in the educational process in a preschool educational institution, we organize mini-museums of ancient household items, make models of a Russian hut, a village courtyard. Being in such an environment, children consolidate the knowledge and impressions gained after visiting the museum, learn to respect antiques.
An emotional way out from touching the past takes place in the diverse work of children and their teachers, this is also a theatrical composition. "At the Fair" , dance "In the upper room" , production "The Tale of
soldier Kondrat" and others.
I would like to dwell on the program section in more detail. "World of Folk Culture" , which is implemented both within the walls of the Museum of Local Lore and within the walls of a preschool institution in three aspects of work, as well as all other sections of the program:
- work with children
- interaction with parents of pupils
- work with preschool teachers
Along with traditional folk holidays in kindergarten: "Shrovetide" , "Christmas carols" which take place both in kindergarten groups and outside the preschool institution, in the immediate environment. Within the walls of the museum, we also got acquainted with the holidays associated with the folk calendar "Skit" , "Kuzminki" , "Larks" .
In order to consolidate the knowledge and impressions gained after visiting the museum in children, they developed thematic, Creativity Sheets, which were reviewed by the employees of the local history museum.
So we have compiled Creative sheets on topics "Skit" , "Kuzminki" , "Pancake week" . Worksheets with tasks are distributed to children and they at home, if desired, complete them together with their parents. With the advent of interactive whiteboards in the preschool educational institution, these tasks are planned to be performed during cognitive classes as part of the thematic week "Folk Culture and Traditions" .
Work within the program "World of Folk Culture" encouraged us to organize various thematic exhibitions with the parents of the pupils. Nevertheless, modern parents do not always have enough ideas and knowledge about folk holidays, so we bring to their attention printed information that we place on group information stands for parents. The content of such leaflets corresponds to the content of thematic classes with children in the museum.
Building work within the framework of museum pedagogy with educators of a preschool institution, we conduct a series of consultations "From the history of Russian holidays" , we replenish their pedagogical piggy bank with card indexes of nursery rhymes, jokes, folk games heard and seen in the classroom at the museum. Teachers willingly use them with children in the daily life of the kindergarten.
Throughout the year, children visit the Hall of Nature, taking part in activities from the cycle "Seasons" , where they get acquainted with the peculiarities of the nature of the Southern Urals, I travel with the heroes around the hall.
Children also love classes with master classes in the Exhibition Hall of the museum.
In order to make the work even more systematic and complete in solving the problems of civil and patriotic education of preschool children in our kindergarten, a local history teacher is working this academic year, which successfully implements the program "Our home is the South Urals" .
Thus, Museum Pedagogy solves the problems of aesthetic, moral, spiritual, patriotic education in an integrated way. Getting acquainted with the history of their homeland, the child begins to love her and retains a sense of attachment to her for life. And the better children know their Motherland, be proud of their national identity, know their native language, love their native land, get carried away with its culture and history, the better they will understand the significance of what is happening today and the more clearly they will imagine the future.
After all, if all the best is laid at preschool age, which is the most sensitive period for educating high social and moral feelings and qualities of children, which are characterized by compliance, a certain suggestibility, gullibility, a tendency to imitate and the enormous authority of an adult, this will remain with them for life .
Patriotism is love and affection for one's surroundings, home and city, family and people, language and country. The desire to pass it on to new generations is associated with the desire of society to protect its ideals and culture, values and achievements by forming certain qualities of children. In this article, we will talk about the principles of educating patriotism among preschoolers, give examples of notes and possible topics for classes, give options for activities, and describe the nuances and subtleties that arise in the work of a teacher.
The objectives of classes on patriotic education of preschoolers
One should not think that the inculcation of patriotism is only a military-patriotic or even politicized education of children. This attitude is the most common mistake and the biggest mistake a teacher can make. Patriotism should be instilled by measuring the efforts and methods used with the age of children, with their natural aspirations, gradually revealing and complicating, detailing the concepts introduced. The goals pursued in the process of educating patriotism can be divided into educational, developmental and educational. It is recommended to start with achieving individual goals, integrating them in the process.
The educational goals of patriotic education include the inculcation of such new concepts for preschoolers as:
- material environment, for example, the geographical location of native places (forest, mountains, field, river, city, village, town) in our country, their characteristic features and interconnection;
- social environment: family, residents of one's native city or village, peoples of one's native country, patriot;
- native culture, namely the language, songs and poems of the peoples of our country, public holidays, friendship of peoples.
A sense of belonging to the family, hometown, country and its inhabitants, the nature of their land, the cultural heritage of the people - all this is a consequence of patriotic education
Developing goals of patriotic education of preschoolers:
- the formation of coherent speech, an increase in active vocabulary;
- improvement of coordination of movements through gaming motor activity;
- development of logical and imaginative thinking through understanding the relationship of objects and their relationship (house, district, city, country, and so on).
The educational goals of the patriotic education of preschoolers include instilling:
- cooperation skills, helping each other;
- love for native culture and native places;
- desire to preserve and protect native places (patriotic and environmental aspects);
- respect for the culture and homelands of others.
What can be used as a motivating start to a lesson
Answering the popular question about what methods can be used to organize direct educational activities (GCD) for patriotic education, we present the following table.
Table: methods of organizing GCD for patriotic education in kindergarten
| GCD organization methods | Explanation |
| List of favorite places. Suggest to children name the places where they like to live | Most often, children give answers such as our city house, father's house, grandmother's house in the village, a beach by the sea, a tent in the forest, an apartment, a city, a village, and so on. The task of the teacher is to discuss the native habitat through the options of children's answers, integrating them into broader concepts (our city, our region, our country). At the same time, the definition of all concepts can be carried out as a search creative task, inviting children to independently figure out what these objects have in common, where these objects are located and what it is called (city, region, country) |
| Selection of groups of people. Use children's understanding of the elements of the society in which they live (family, friends, population of the city, people of the country) | Give the children a riddle to identify who we are. Together with the children, understand that we are people, children, adults, residents of our region, Russians. As a hint and reference material, it is recommended to use images of people in national costumes, state symbols, maps of the country. Together with the children, discuss the relationship between people, understand whether it is better to quarrel or be friends, it is better to take care of your beloved land alone or together (give an example of joint cleaning of toys in the room), gradually bring children to the concept of friendship between peoples |
Among the possible options for a motivating start to a lesson, many educators recommend using the following:
- Demonstration of pictures of heroes or fragments of cartoons about heroes (and their characters). After watching the cartoons, a survey is conducted about what these characters do, where they live, who and what they protect, why they do it. It is acceptable to start the lesson in the form of a game or a small scene about heroes, but for the successful implementation of such a scenario, it is important that all children are familiar with the play being played. In other words, the game should be preceded by a preparatory lesson with a joint viewing of this film or cartoon.
- Using photographs of places well known to children with their subsequent discussion. The photographs may show a local park, the most beautiful places in the city where children must have been, a kindergarten building and outdoor playgrounds, a house typical for the area (city or village). It is advisable to use pre-prepared drawings of children on this topic (“My home”, “My favorite place in the city”).
- Superhero game (Batman, Spiderman, Superman, Wolverine, etc.). Through a discussion of the heroes and the places that they protect from the villains (Gotham city and its inhabitants, New Yorkers), make a transition to the hometown, its inhabitants and those who protect this city (police, firemen, Ministry of Emergency Situations). Discuss the motivations of defenders, understand why they do it, how it manifests itself in their behavior. Through examples of the exploits of fictional heroes, give examples of real heroes, for example, recall and discuss the names of streets named after the heroes of the Second World War, read several illustrated stories about their exploits.
It would be better if before talking to children about superheroes, you find out who they like the most.
Methods and means applicable to patriotic education
Patriotic education of preschoolers is a very broad topic. Today's educators have the opportunity to use both the experience of past generations and bring their own creative ideas. Let us further consider what methods and means modern teachers use to instill a sense of patriotism in children.
Games and other recreational activities
Ordinary children's entertainment is easily combined with patriotic education. We list the standard ways to entertain children and designate in them the possibilities for use in patriotic education.
Table: patriotic elements in ordinary children's games and entertainment
| Entertainment | Elements of patriotic education |
| Dance | Matinee or group performance with elements of folk and national dances of our country and other countries (for example, Tatar dances, Belarusian dances, Russian folk dances) |
| Walk | Excursion to the monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, to the museum of local lore |
| Picture | Drawing competition, drawing on a given topic (for example, a drawing on the topic “Why is the street where I live so named”) |
| Modeling from plasticine | Sculpt a historic building (local landmark) |
| The game | Repeat the correct drill exercises of soldiers at the command of the educator |
| Watching films | Any picture on a patriotic theme, approved and recommended for viewing for this age |
| Competition | Musical quiz "Guess the melody of the anthem" using the anthems of the countries of our neighbors |
Video: patriotic dance in the kindergarten "Sun"
The best methods for patriotic education are visual demonstrations and games, preceded by a small conversation. Patriotism is a complex concept, but intuitively perceived by a child through the role-playing behavior of a defender. It will be right to direct the natural games of children according to the scenario you propose, which reveals and consolidates this role. Such games are already familiar to children. These include any team games built on the principles of protecting their territory and other players: for example, dodgeball, swan geese, rounders, baseball and others.
During the games, various military-patriotic scenarios should be used, involving the equal participation of boys and girls. Avoiding the politicization of games, it is necessary to carry out a variant of a team game, which provides for fixing on the personal qualities of a patriot (strength, dexterity, speed), and not on the scenario military aspect. For example, the well-known game "Relay Race" can be turned from a simple run with a stick into a patriotic task of delivering an important report to the headquarters. At the same time, it is necessary to focus not on the portrait of a possible enemy or military operations, but on the personal qualities of the defender of the Motherland, who transmits the report. An element of patriotism can also be added to the game "Funny Starts" by including overcoming an imitation of an obstacle course in it. There are many variations of patriotic games that bring up useful skills. For example, you can use games with elements of providing feasible first aid (bandage your hand for speed, help a lame friend overcome an obstacle, and others).
Outdoor games also develop the child, improving coordination of movements.
We should not forget about games for erudition and speech development, as well as various quizzes. For example, the game "Guess the picture" may offer to guess the national symbols, coats of arms and flags of different countries.
It is useful for each educator to have a card index of such games, broken down by types of scenarios, venue, general focus and educational and developmental goals.
Video: military-patriotic game "Zarnitsa" in the kindergarten "Asterisk"
Classes on patriotic education
Education must be built in such a way that the scale of perception of patriotism gradually increases from the particular to the general (family, people, country). It is easier for a child to understand patriotism in close and concrete examples and gradually move on to more abstract images.
Let us explain how the named increase in scale can look like on the example of the topics of patriotic conversations and classes:
- Our family (talk about family).
- I love my house (drawing competition).
- My yard and my friends.
- My street and why is it called that.
- Our favorite city (town, village).
- Our region (region or republic).
- My native country (drawing competition).
- Peoples of Russia.
- Anthem and coat of arms of my country.
Video: patriotic education in kindergarten
Temporary lesson plan
When planning a temporary lesson plan in kindergarten, it must be borne in mind that children are able to perceive new information for a limited amount of time. In the table below we give a variant of the temporary lesson plan on a patriotic theme in kindergarten.
Table: approximate time plan for the lesson "The history of our city and its streets"
| No. p / p | Lesson stage | Content | Duration, in minutes |
| 1. | Organizational part | Seating the children, preparing, attracting attention | 2 |
| 2. | Updating knowledge and experience | Conversation on the topic “Our city and its streets” (a story about the concept of “street”, why there are names, why they are needed and how they appear, what protection the streets need) | 5 |
| 3. | The game | Street names quiz | 5–6 |
| 4. | Outdoor game (physical education) | Game on the theme "Street", integration with life safety. Charging "Traffic light" with a repetition of the rules of behavior on the street, the game "Janitor" (street cleaning) | 3–5 |
| 5. | Work in a notebook | Drawing in a notebook based on the results of the discussion of streets and their names, the origin of names | 3–4 |
| 6. | Final conversation | Consolidation of the topic, questioning the children and a brief repetition of the topic | 2–3 |
| Total: 20–25 minutes |
How to write a summary of classes on patriotic education
When compiling a summary of classes on patriotic education, experienced teachers recommend adhering to the following principles:
- Indicate the objects of patriotism - geographical or cultural concepts, on the example of which it is easiest for a child to understand a sense of pride and love. For example, our city, Russian language and so on. Most often this will be the topic of your lesson.
- Do not delve too deeply into the history of the issue, do not use complex abstract concepts. It is enough for children to know that Moscow is the main city of Russia, they do not need to understand that this is enshrined in the Constitution and other legislative acts.
- In any object that you use to illustrate the concept of patriotism and instilling a patriotic feeling, several different aspects can be distinguished. Depending on the angle from which a particular concept is considered, it is possible to single out different goals and objectives of GCD that can be achieved in the course of the lesson. Many topics are perfectly linked with each other and allow integrating educational and upbringing goals, working to achieve several goals at the same time. We will consider a detailed example below.
- Be sure to plan quizzes in your notes to find out what the children know about the topic under consideration, help them formulate and express their knowledge and opinions before your story. Not only talk, but listen and involve children in the conversation, smoothly bringing communication to key points.
- Do not prompt directly, use a problematic and creative form of problem setting. The development of coherent speech, thinking and memory of children are important goals for classes on any topic.
- A good tool for monitoring knowledge and the results of past classes is to conduct regular surveys of children. Be sure to set aside some time in your notes for surveys.
As an illustration of the application of one of the above principles, let us consider several aspects of the concept of "Moscow".
Table: work with different aspects of one concept on the example of the concept of "Moscow"
| Different aspects of the concept of "Moscow" | Pursued goals | Lesson element in the outline |
| Moscow as a geographical concept, which is associated with a number of other concepts (capital, Kremlin, president, government) | Educational goal (learning new concepts) | Conversation |
| Moscow in its aesthetic aspect. Showing pictures about Moscow, reading poems and songs about it, watching fragments of films or cartoons | Aesthetic and cultural goals | Watching a movie together, reading poetry, listening to songs |
| Moscow in music. cultural aspect. Dance outdoor game to a potpourri of songs about Moscow | Physical development (warm-up, development of coordination and rhythm) | Mobile game, dance |
| Moscow in the history of our city and family. A story about the defense of Moscow during the war, about the importance of this city for all the inhabitants of Russia and about the contribution made to the defense of Moscow by the inhabitants of your city, perhaps the great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers of the pupils, veterans and home front workers | Educational and aesthetic goals | Conversation, drawing, modeling |
Video: lesson on patriotic education in kindergarten No. 42
Abstract examples
Let us give an example of a synopsis of directly integrated educational activities on patriotic topics that are used by teachers in modern preschool institutions.
Table: abstract on the topic "Our Motherland - Russia", author - Ekaterina Presnukhina
| Tasks: Teaching tasks:
Development tasks:
Educational tasks:
|
| Materials: Globe, birch tree, trays, glue, twisted strips of paper (for branches, tree trunk), tape recorder, Russian anthem, calm classical music. |
Implemented educational areas:
|
Preliminary work:
|
| I. Organizational moment. Children enter the hall to a song about Russia, stand in the middle, forming a circle. II. Main part. Educator: Spread out in a blue haze majestic edge, It's you, my Russia My light, my Motherland! What do you guys think, what are we going to talk about today? (about Motherland, Russia) Correctly. Our country is called ... (Russia) Educator: What are we called, people living in Russia? Children: Russians. 1st child: Old yard, young birches, Round dance of curly poplars, This is all my country Russia, Sweet image of my Motherland. 2nd child: Cornflowers, like blue eyes, They look, smiling, along the path. And golden braids of wheat Braid in autumn in sheaves. 3rd child: And in winter it sparkles and sparkles Snow, like a wedding veil. And nothing in the world compares Beauty of white-trunked groves Educator: With what beautiful words the poets expressed their love for the Motherland in their poems. Educator: Let's look at the globe, what our country looks like, tell me what is indicated on the globe in green, blue, brown, yellow, white? The children answer. Educator: That's right - forests, rivers, mountains, deserts, glaciers. Look how big our country is. Russia is a big, beautiful and rich country. Many rivers flow through the whole country, there are many forests in which there are many different animals, many mushrooms and berries grow. Why does our country have such a name? The child is reading a poem. For clear dawns, washed with dew. For the Russian field with tall ears, Over the rivers spilling in blue flames. They called you in Slavic - Russia! Educator: We are citizens of Russia, Russians - we love and are proud of our country. Russia is a state. Like all states in the world, Russia has its own state symbols. Which? Child: Coat of arms, flag, anthem - symbols of our country Russia. Teacher: Absolutely right. Paying honor to these symbols, we thereby show love and respect for our Motherland. The national flag is one of the most important attributes of the state. The Russian flag is a symbol of the valor and honor of the Russian people. Symbol of state and national independence. Guys, would you like to know how the flag appeared? Educator: In ancient, ancient times, when your grandmothers and great-grandmothers were not in the world, the life of our ancestors was very turbulent. Often the inhabitants of cities and villages had to unite and defend themselves from enemies. In case of danger, the warrior took a stick. At the end he tied a bunch of dry grass or a ponytail and raised it high. This sign was visible far away, people were drawn to the warrior from all sides. A stick with a bunch of grass was called the banner. An army gathered under the banner and went to defend their land. You had to be very careful to distinguish your banner from someone else's. Then they came up with the idea of tying a fabric instead of a bundle, a piece of matter fluttered in the wind and it was better visible. This is how the flag was born. Teacher: How many colors does the flag have? Children: The flag has three colors: white, blue, red. Educator: What does the white stripe mean on the flag? Children: The white stripe reminds of white-trunked birch trees, of Russian winter with endless snowy expanses. About summer clouds, about white daisies in endless fields. Educator: The white light indicates that our country is peaceful and does not attack anyone. And the blue stripe, what does it look like? Children: The blue stripe looks like a blue sky. Blue rivers and seas. Educator: The blue stripe on the flag denotes loyalty, the people love their country, protect it and are devoted to it. What does the red color on the flag mean? Children: The red stripe is similar to sunrise and sunset. Educator: The red color in Russia has always been considered the most beautiful. It is the color of blooming flowers, warmth and joy. This is the color of strength, the color of the blood of people shed for the Motherland. Educator: And who will tell a poem about the flag? Child: White color - birch, Blue is the color of the sky. Red stripe - Sunny dawn. Educator: It is very important not to confuse the order of the flag stripes. What is the top? Children: White stripe. Teacher: In the middle? Children: Blue stripe. Teacher: Downstairs? Children: Red stripe. Educator: Now we will play the game "Russian Flag". Listen carefully, move as the music tells you. And with the end of the music, line up in three lines in the order of the colors of the Russian flag. Take one ribbon. The game "Russian flag". Children move around the hall in accordance with the music: march - walk, waltz - spin. At the end of the music, they line up in three lines in the order of the colors of the Russian flag - white, blue, red. They wave ribbons over their heads. Educator: Well done, they didn’t mix up the order of the colors. Put down the ribbons and come to me. Educator: Guys, do you know where you can meet the national flag of Russia? (Answers of children). The national flag of Russia is raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. The flag of Russia is hung on the houses on public holidays. The national flag of Russia can be seen at parades. The Russian flag flutters on the masts of Russian ships. On airplanes and spaceships, a three-color image of the flag is drawn. At all times, the attitude of citizens to the flag was very respectful. Warriors, giving an oath of allegiance to the Motherland, kissed the tip of the flag, risking their lives, taking the flag out of the battlefield so that it would not get to the enemy. Educator: Russia has another important state symbol - the coat of arms. Coat of arms - a distinctive sign, the official emblem of the state. Do you know what is depicted on the coat of arms of our country? Children: The coat of arms of Russia depicts a double-headed eagle. The wings of an eagle are like the rays of the sun. On the chest of the eagle is a rider with a silver spear. This is St. George the Victorious. The rider rides on a silver horse. A blue cloak flutters behind his shoulders. He defeated the dragon. Educator: Right! The coat of arms of Russia symbolizes beauty, justice, the victory of good over evil. And where do we often meet the coat of arms? (Answers of children). Educator: The coat of arms is depicted on important documents, and its individual elements are on coins. The image of the coat of arms can be seen on seals, on banknotes. On postage stamps, postcards, badges, there is also an image of the coat of arms. The image of the coat of arms can be found on government awards. Well done! Now go to the magnetic board. Look at the image of the coats of arms of different countries and find the coat of arms of Russia among them. The game "Find among the coats of arms of different countries the coat of arms of Russia." (Children are offered cards with the emblems of Austria, Germany, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, Russia. They must choose a card with the emblem of Russia. The task is complicated by the fact that eagles are depicted on the emblems of these countries.) Educator: And why did you choose this coat of arms? Children: Because it depicts a double-headed eagle and St. George the Victorious. Educator: Did Dima choose the coat of arms correctly? Why do you think so? Children: Because the double-headed eagle is a symbol of Russia. Educator: Coat of arms, which state did Dima choose? Children: Dima chose the coat of arms of Russia. Educator: Well done. (The teacher with a pointer in his hands shows the details of the coat of arms and comments.) Educator: The double-headed eagle has been a symbol of Russia for more than five hundred years. On the chest of the eagle there is an image of a rider against the background of a red shield. This is St. George the Victorious. In his right hand he has a silver spear that helped defeat the dragon. The black dragon is a symbol of evil. The faithful horse of the warrior tramples the dragon with its hooves. The coat of arms of Russia symbolizes beauty and justice, the victory of good over evil. Dynamic game "Coat of arms of Russia". Coat of arms of the country - double-headed eagle Proudly spread its wings, (raise your arms to the sides) Holds a scepter, an orb, (alternately clench your right and left hands into a fist) He saved Russia. (draw a circle with your hands) On the chest of the eagle - a red shield, (put your hands on your chest) Dear to everyone: you and me. (head tilt left and right) A beautiful young man jumps (step in place, with a high raising of the leg) On a silver horse A blue cloak is fluttering, (smooth swaying of the hands to the right and left) And the spear in the hand shines. (clench hands into fists) The strong rider wins, (put your hands on your belt) An evil dragon lies at his feet. (show with hands) Confirms the old coat of arms The independence of the country. For the peoples of all Russia Our symbols are important. (raise hands up) Educator: When people from other countries come to our country, they see the state emblem on the border of our country, it is placed on the border posts. Seeing our flag and coat of arms, they immediately understand that they are in Russia. Educator: Each country has a special, main song. Which? Children: The anthem is the main song of our country. Educator: The anthem of the country is also a state symbol. It is performed on special, solemn occasions. The anthem of Russia is very beautiful and majestic. And who knows what signs of attention are given by those present during the performance of the anthem? Children: When the anthem sounds, all those present stand up, you can’t talk, the military salute or salute with weapons. Educator: That's right, guys, in this way, citizens show respect for the anthem, for their country. The anthem is listened to standing, calmly, attentively, you can sing along. When does the anthem sound? Children: The anthem sounds on solemn occasions, during competitions, in honor of the winners. Educator: Let's listen to the anthem of Russia. Listening to the anthem of Russia. Educator: True, beautiful music, beautiful words? When we listen to the anthem, pride appears in our hearts. What is Motherland? What do you think? Children: Homeland is the place where we live, where our family is. The child reads a poem: What do we call the Motherland? The house where we live. And birches along which We are walking next to my mother. Educator: That's right, everyone knows the word Motherland. Motherland is the place where we were born, where we live with our parents, with our friends. Many proverbs and sayings were composed by the Russian people about the Motherland. Remember them. Beloved motherland is like a mother. A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song. To live - to serve the motherland. Motherland is a mother, know how to stand up for her. Teacher: What do these proverbs teach? Children: Proverbs teach us kindness, love for the Motherland, the ability to defend it from enemies. Educator: Read a poem about the Motherland. Great land, beloved land. Where we were born and live We are the homeland of light, we are the homeland of dear, We call our Motherland. Teacher: And now we will play a game. The game "Pass the heart and put the word." Children pass a heart around and say what our Motherland is. (Sweet, beloved, beautiful, wonderful, dear, unique, strong, powerful.) Educator: That's how many beautiful words can be said about our Motherland. What do you think, what tree can be considered a symbol of Russia? Children: Birch. Educator: Right, but why do Russian people love this tree? Children: For beauty, birch sap, which gives vigor and strength, birch bark, which gave writing, birch buds and brooms, which preserve health. Educator: Birch is the beauty and pride of Russia. You can't count different trees, One is more beautiful than the other. But where do you find a tree Are birch trees more beautiful than ours? Educator: Guys, I suggest you design a birch tree out of paper, making a trunk based on a cone, and branches using a twisted spiral method. Construction "Russian birch". Children glue the cone, twisted green strips are glued to the trunk. By cutting, black spots are glued onto the trunk. III. Outcome. Educator: Children, remember, people should be kind, live in peace and friendship. Love your Motherland, take care of every bush, tree, grass. Protect and preserve its riches. The Russians are a very wise, patient, kind people. Look at each other and say: "If friendship is great, the Motherland will be strong!" |
Mini museum in kindergarten
A mini-museum is an effective form of visual demonstration of objects for patriotic education. A variety of things are suitable as exhibits of a small museum. It depends on the topic chosen for patriotic education. These can be objects of ancient life and local folk crafts, personal belongings of war veterans, a sample of a herbarium of plants in a given area, or beautiful samples of minerals. The range of possibilities here is very wide. There are only a few conditions that this small exhibition must meet:
- all items must be safe for children, and also have a compact shape and do not take up much space;
- it is undesirable to use things of significant material or historical value, items with increased fragility;
- the exposition should be visual, have captions and be protected from the use of items for other purposes (for example, children took and carried away old coins to play in the store, tried to swallow them, and so on).
Be sure to assign responsibility for the museum to those children who are happy to tell guests (newcomers, parents of children and visitors to the kindergarten) about the museum exhibits. The honorary role of the curator of the museum, playing a tour and conducting real tours for parents in themselves can serve as a good form of assimilation of information by children, emotionally color and make meaningful the existence of a mini-museum, updating its collection and taking care of it by children.
Video: an example of a selection of military-patriotic materials in kindergarten No. 1402
Stand, folder-slider, booklet, poster on patriotic education
Your mini-museum, matinee or any activity dedicated to patriotic education will always win with a bright and visual design.
Make out a slide folder, booklet or poster not with photos from the Internet, but with copies of photos brought by children from family albums, important and meaningful pictures for them. A great-grandfather in military uniform, a monument in his mother's hometown, a warship on which his best friend's father served in the Navy - these examples will make a stronger impression on children than abstract examples from the lives of people they do not know.
Let these photos not be as sharp as retouched and processed glossy images. The effect produced by them will be very significant if presented correctly and if it is possible to draw a line from generation to generation in the families of your pupils.
In the design of visual aids, you can also use a national decorative element, drawings and textures on fabrics, and handicrafts. Involve children in this activity. As part of the preparatory work, they can make applications on colored paper or fabric, make drawings or sculpt a model of a landmark.
Remember that not flat stands are ideal, but stands with voluminous objects, with what you can turn, pick up, view from different angles. Everything will go into action - items of clothing and tin soldiers, toys and models of equipment. Allow the children to contribute their ideas and suggestions, to be actively involved in the creation of visual aids.
Photo gallery: patriotic posters in kindergarten
Patriotic posters can be dedicated to the historical events of their native city. Children can design a poster with the whole group. Posters are more interesting if you use copies of archival materials from the families of pupils in your work.
DIY craft
As an example of crafts on a patriotic theme, we will give a small master class, the author of which is the teacher Vera Bomburova. As the objectives of the lesson, the author highlights:
- familiarization of the child with the technique of making applications from napkins;
- development of fine motor skills;
- education of emotional responsiveness, patriotism and love for the Motherland.
To make a three-dimensional napkin appliqué on a patriotic theme, we need:
- the outline of a double-headed eagle printed on A4 or A3 paper;
- multi-colored paper napkins (yellow, white, red, blue);
- PVA glue;
- glue brushes;
- scissors;
- whatman format A2;
- gouache;
- moldings for making a frame.
In the photo gallery you can clearly see the process of creating work.
Photo gallery: stages of creating a three-dimensional application "Double-headed eagle"
We paste the printed outline of the eagle on a sheet or on half of the cotton paper We cut multi-colored paper napkins into small squares We form small buds from the cut figures, pinching the center of the square Work on the formation of the application can be carried out in a group of up to 8 people Using a brush and PVA glue, we attach the buds to the main image The children decided to paint the center of the composition with paints, rather than sticking it with napkins. Both children and adults can participate in the creation of a three-dimensional application. After all the napkin buds are glued, you can attach moldings for the final decoration of the picture.
Poems and Rhymes
Learning poems and nursery rhymes on a patriotic theme does not fundamentally differ in the methods used from learning poetry in general, but it has one small nuance. In patriotic works, more often than in ordinary poems, words and concepts that are not yet fully understood by the child may come across, and the likelihood of errors increases. Therefore, before learning, it is recommended to repeat the conversation with the children on the topic of poetry, pronounce incomprehensible words, pronounce them in syllables and achieve a complete understanding of the word and the concept hidden behind it.
Separately, it is worth working with the expression when reading. Reading on a patriotic theme should reflect the feeling of pride and love associated with the poem. Demonstrate to the children the clarity and accuracy of poems about the army, the solemnity of poems about victory and national symbols, including not only the voice features of reading, but also posture, body position.
Video: pupils of the preschool educational institution "Solnyshko" recite poems about Russia
Patriotic education through ecology
When revealing the concept of patriotism, be sure to pay attention to explaining the fact that a patriot not only loves and respects his small or large Motherland, but is an active defender of it.
It is impossible to separate the protection of the native land from the care of nature. Images of the beloved Motherland, as a rule, have a natural character: great rivers, free steppes, mighty forests, high mountains, abundant gardens and rich arable land. Here, a completely natural transition to environmental values is possible, and the opposite is also completely true. Through the statement understandable to children “we want our lawn and square to always be beautiful and clean”, it is possible to make a generalizing judgment about the whole street, city, region and country.
The presence in the preschool educational institution of its own playground with trees and plants, a square or a garden, a living corner or indoor plants allows you to introduce elements of environmental education into the practical activities of children. Examples of cleaning toys in the playroom, helping elders with cleaning around the house, while working in the garden or garden can be transferred to examples of helping nature, combating its pollution and destruction. Children are involved in feasible and safely organized work to care for outdoor and indoor ornamental plants.
Demonstration of environmental educational films, cartoons, small exciting excursions to nature, performances by employees of environmental organizations of the area or environmental volunteers in front of children are desirable.
Many modern cartoons touch upon environmental issues, for example, "Wall-e"
All the information received, as well as the experience of participating in the preparatory work for the care of indoor plants or live pets, should form in children an understanding of personal responsibility for the preservation of natural resources, as well as the deep interconnection and fragility of natural processes, the need to protect them.
Video: competition for the best corner of nature in kindergarten No. 80
How to develop a project on patriotic education in a preschool educational institution
A feature of any long-term project on patriotic education is its consistency and deep integration with various educational areas. You choose a cross-cutting (main) topic and spend it throughout the semester or year, combining and combining it with the planned topics of the group classes.
When choosing a topic, it is necessary to analyze and try to take into account a number of factors:
- Peculiarities of the collective of the parents of your group (for example, the military, engineers, employees of a large local enterprise predominate). This will allow you to better choose a topic, to understand what kind of help your parents can provide you with organizing a museum or excursions. As a successful option, we can name the project of patriotic education on the example of the history of the plant named after. Kirov (with the organization of the museum and a tour by the workers of the plant).
- The originality of your locality, the main milestones in its history, the specifics of local attractions that are of particular pride, as well as undeservedly forgotten and little-known. Thus, the location of the naval base in the city of Sevastopol dictates the naval patriotic theme. The city of Zhukovsk has many aviation enterprises, which determines the aviation and military-space orientation of local patriotism. The city of Yekaterinburg sets the theme of domestic production, natural mineral wealth, industry and craftsmanship. At the same time, you can either follow the generally accepted ideas about the city, and vice versa, find a little-known topic, an unexpected look, or an unconventional approach to sights that you will use as objects of patriotism.
- The national composition of the settlement and the group of children, the representation of different nations and peoples of Russia, or, conversely, the pronounced ethnic homogeneity of the composition of the group. It will be difficult to hold a competition of national costume with the homogeneity of the group, just as it will be disrespectful to focus only on the Russian theme of patriotism in a group with representatives of many different nations.
- Consider the calendar, holidays and memorable dates, both federal and local. For example, you came up with the idea to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the famous Romanov coat, but on this occasion there will be a city-wide competition of drawings and poems. Children of your group will be able to prepare in advance and take part in the holiday.
Video: patriotic education project MB Preschool Kindergarten No. 40 "My village Karagailinsky"
What does a patriotic education report include?
An important component of any educational work is summing up and analyzing activities. When creating a report on patriotic education, try to follow these guidelines:
- Reveal the main focus of your patriotic education project, patriotic month, and so on.
- List all the topics of educational patriotic activities during sensitive moments: all conversations, memorized poems, drawings, songs, and so on.
- Separately describe the topics of organized educational activities: on manual labor, on artistic creativity, on music, on fiction.
- Describe the topics of cultural and leisure activities, presentations, musical and sports festivals.
- Describe the interaction with the families of the pupils.
- Describe interactions with fellow educators and outside organizations.
- Be sure to use a photo report, especially for large-scale events.
Many successful developments of notes on patriotic education have been created, the experience of conducting classes and events for children is rich, but it is always worth remembering that the educator in his work is faced with living people and it is impossible to predict some situations. In such cases, it is important to maintain the ability to be creative in solving emerging problems and be able to use the circumstances to the maximum advantage for teaching children.
Anna Khlyzova
Mini-museums in preschool educational institutions as a means of patriotic education
At every age patriotic education has its own characteristics. Patriotism a child of preschool age is expressed in his need to participate in all matters for the benefit of the people around him, representatives of wildlife, the presence of such qualities as compassion, sympathy, self-esteem, awareness of himself as part of the world around him.
The search and development of innovative approaches to solving problems are of great importance patriotic education of preschoolers. So, one of them in the preschool educational institution was the work on the creation mini museums, which took place in three stages with the participation of teachers, pupils and their parents.
As part of the preparatory stage, at a meeting of the pedagogical council, teachers discussed what mini museum what is its purpose in a preschool educational institution. The main tasks of the forthcoming work were formulated. Teams of each age group (caregivers, children and their parents) set the theme and title mini-museum, its location, developed a model for the future exposition. At the same stage, interaction with museums was established.
The practical phase included direct creation by teachers, children and their parents mini museums: collection of exhibits, their grouping, design, making games, layouts.
In process mini museums, the following were taken into account principles:
Integrations - mini-museums should take into account the content of the educational program of the preschool educational institution and help in the implementation of its general tasks and the tasks of individual educational areas, in particular, "Socialization", on instilling patriotic feelings in children;
Activities and interactivity - mini museums should provide pupils the opportunity to realize oneself in various types of children's activities (use exhibits in role-playing games, create crafts and include them in the general exposition, etc.);
Conformity - mini- museums should be created taking into account the psycho-physiological characteristics of children of different ages and provide conditions for the disclosure of the creative potential of each child;
Scientific - presented exhibits must accurately reflect the subject mini-museum, to explain various processes and phenomena within the framework of the chosen topic in a scientific and at the same time accessible language for the child;
Humanization and partnership - mini- museums should offer conditions for the comprehensive development of the child, encouragement of his initiative, creative activity within the framework of subject-subject relations in the system "adult - child", "child - child";
Cultural conformity - mini- museums should be focused on familiarizing children with world culture, universal values through the development of the values and norms of national culture in the course of directly educational activities in the museum space;
Dynamism and variability - exposure mini museums should be constantly supplemented and updated, taking into account the age characteristics of the children of the group;
Diversity - filling mini-museums with exhibits, different in form, content, size, reflecting the historical, natural and cultural diversity of the surrounding world;
Regional component - mini- museums should provide for the organization of work with children to familiarize them with the cultural heritage of the region, as well as the culture of other peoples, which contributes to the development of tolerance and the formation of a sense of patriotism. The final stage included summing up the results of the work, opening mini-museums in preschool, organizing an exhibition for parents and guests of the kindergarten, reflecting the theme mini museums and the content of working with children in the museum space.
So, within the framework of participation in the city competition of social and cultural projects, the project “Center of Folk Culture "Find your beginning.", during the implementation of which in the preschool educational institution appeared mini- museums of the history of the kindergarten, Russian life and dolls.
AT mini-Museum of the History of the Kindergarten presents the exposition "The Big History of the Little "Firefly"“, which introduces the history of the kindergarten, the formation of the team, the achievements of teachers and children.
The purpose of this mini-museum - to show children the main attraction of the history of the small Motherland - the person who lives nearby. This may be a friend from a neighboring yard or an employee of a kindergarten.
Decorated in the art studio of the kindergarten mini-museum of Russian life, the purpose of which is to awaken in the child a feeling of love for the Motherland through the creation of a special environments allowing to get acquainted with the cultural past of Russia.
Educational environment of this mini-museum was created jointly with parents and children who selected exhibits: household items, utensils, toys. As a result of the joint creative activity of the teacher, pupils and parents in mini In the museum, home-made dolls, painted nesting dolls, molded dishes and other amazing crafts made from various materials appeared.
Also in the art studio there was a place for mini doll museum, the creation of which was facilitated by the manufacture of a large number of crafts - dolls, made in the process of joint creative activity of children and parents. Over time in mini Museum appeared factory dolls. At the moment, it presents dolls of different species: plastic, rag, straw, clay, papier-mâché dolls, waste material. The most honorable place is occupied by exhibits made by hand. pupils and parents.
The purpose of this mini- museum - to promote the preservation and revival of traditional culture, to support the talents of children and parents. Main tasks mini museums are: revival and popularization of the art of making dolls, introducing preschoolers and their parents to arts and crafts.
With time mini Museums appeared in each group of kindergarten. Their content, design and purpose reflect the specifics of the age of children in this group. Each exposition tells about the history of the emergence of any object, about what it was like in the old days or how it looks in other countries. Visitors can get acquainted with the process of its manufacture, materials, purpose, variety of options for the item, stories associated with it.
So, it was created for kids mini toy museum"Ryaba Hen". No less interesting was mini museum of nature"Magic Stones", arranged in a group middle-aged, where preschoolers get acquainted with the diversity of rock samples in their region.
In the group of senior preschool age, with the joint efforts of teachers, pupils and their parents was created mini museum“Different spoons are needed, all kinds of spoons are important”, the main purpose of which is education of patriotic feelings of children through the development of interest in Russian folk culture and acquaintance with folk crafts: the history of the emergence and development of the spoon.
Thanks to mini- to the museum, preschoolers learned how the spoon appeared, what it was made of, what are spoons: dining, tea, dessert, special, made of steel, aluminum, plastics, wood, etc. Now in mini The museum presents all types of spoons, reflecting, among other things, different historical times. Among exhibits a spoon of 1879, a spoon with Olympic symbols of 1980. Albums about the history of spoons were also designed “We want to know everything about the fun spoon as soon as possible.”, "An amazing spoon will reveal its secret to us" and homemade books dedicated to the spoon. In this mini-the museum has a theater on a spoon, where you can see Pinocchio, Karabas Barabas, Dunno, Thumbelina, etc. Children use the theater on a spoon to act out fairy tales and dialogues they have invented.
A museum is located in the preparatory group of the kindergarten "From a samovar to a teapot" where you can see the most unusual samovars: a samovar box, a rose teapot, a duck teapot, a toy samovar, a book in the form of a samovar. In addition, teachers and children collected information about the history of the samovar and its types; about how to brew tea correctly and about the tea ceremony, compiled an album-fairy tale "The Journey of the Teapot (samovar)».
Together with their parents, preschoolers draw and select pictures about samovars and teapots, come up with riddles, remember proverbs, sayings, and compose poetic lines. Especially like pupils"gatherings at the samovar" where they try different types of tea with jam, drink from saucers, as in the old days, biting down on sugar. As a result of joint productive creative activity in mini-museum there are samovars and teapots made of salt dough, orange peel.
mini museum"Postcard World", also created in the preparatory group, allows you to look into the historical past of our Motherland. Here are collected postcards of the past century and the present. And in mini- at the clock museum, children are immersed in different historical eras associated with time.
Tasks patriotic education are also solved on the example of the use of material mini-museum of nesting dolls, the work on the creation of which was carried out by teachers in a group middle age together with children and their parents. Collected exhibits, pictures, books, articles about nesting dolls. Simultaneously teachers introduce pupils with the history of the emergence of nesting dolls, the process of its manufacture, the variety and characteristic features of the Semenov, Zagorsk, Polkhov-Maidan nesting dolls. The children were especially interested in practical activities, when they themselves made nesting dolls and decorated their handicrafts.
For guests and pupils from other groups, preschoolers conducted excursions and holidays "Visiting nesting dolls". Matryoshka serves as an important means emotional impact on children. Its diversity and originality of appearance contribute to the manifestation of creativity in the game and drawing. In addition, matryoshka as an element patriotic education preschoolers helps to draw an analogy between words: "matryoshka" – "mother" - "parent"- "genus" - "homeland" - "Russia".
In process mini-museums in groups special attention caregivers devoted to creating conditions for independent activities of preschoolers. Since the leading activity for the child is the game, in each mini-the museum was equipped with a corner for independent activities, where pupils play various games.
Important feature mini-museums in preschool educational institutions - participation in their creation of children and parents. Preschoolers feel their involvement in a common cause. In real museums, you can’t touch anything, but in mini Museums are not only possible, but necessary. It is convenient to visit them every day, you can independently change, rearrange the exhibits, pick them up and examine them. In an ordinary museum, a child is only a passive contemplator, but here he is a co-author, creator of an exhibition. And not only himself, but also his father, mother, grandmother and grandfather. Each mini-museum - the result of communication, collaboration educator, children and their families.
During the practical phase of the project, teachers developed the content of excursions mini museums, family events that were included in the long-term plan of work with children and parents.
Important place at work mini- the museum is devoted to sightseeing and thematic excursions, informative conversations and events, organization of exhibitions. Much attention is paid to the training of young guides from senior preschool groups, who, with the help of teachers, conduct excursions around the museum for parents and children of primary preschool age. This work helps to solve the following tasks:
Identification of the creative abilities of children;
Expansion of ideas about the content of museum culture;
Development of initial skills museum language perception;
Creation of conditions for creative communication and cooperation.
Parents and preschoolers try themselves as designers, artists, guides. But before "immerse" children to the world of culture and art, teachers introduce them to the professions of museum workers, the appointment of excursions. For this purpose, meetings with interesting people, excursions to museums were organized in the preschool educational institution. Children were able to learn the rules of behavior in public places, to feel intellectual, emotional and aesthetic experiences, to prepare and mentally tune in to work on organizing their own mini-museum.
Traditional forms of museum activity - monologue conversations in mini-museums of preschool educational institutions were replaced by educational activities with elements of the game, creative assignments: "Find the hidden object", "Restore the interior", "Draw a picture", "Hero's Dress" etc.
Interesting and exciting work to create a museum space in the preschool educational institution continues. Operating mini-kindergarten museums continue to update their expositions. Teachers are looking for new forms of interaction with pupils, develop didactic and educational games on the subject mini museums.
In this way, mini museums, created by the hands of teachers, pupils and their parents, become interactive, and therefore close and understandable to every child. All this allows bring up in preschoolers, a sense of pride in the common cause, their group, kindergarten, family and small homeland.
Meeting with the museum as part of the activities of a preschool educational institution becomes joyful and unforgettable for children and adults.
Thus, the work carried out turned out to be effective, showed that with the help of educator in the process of joint activities using various forms of work, children are able to acquire knowledge about their native land, native nature.
