That combined gravitational attraction of all its matter will eventually stop the expansion of the universe and cause it to contract. Due to the increase in entropy, the contraction pattern will be very different from the time-reversed expansion pattern. While the early universe was very homogeneous, the contracting universe will break up into separate isolated groups. In the end, all matter collapses into black holes, which then coalesce, creating as a result a single black hole - the Big Crunch singularity.

Recent experimental evidence (namely, the observation of distant supernovae as objects of standard luminosity (for more details, see Distance scale in astronomy), as well as a careful study of the cosmic microwave background radiation) leads to the conclusion that the expansion of the Universe is not slowed down by gravity, but, on the contrary, is accelerated. However, due to the unknown nature of dark energy, it is still possible that someday the acceleration will change sign and cause compression.

see also

• big bounce
• Oscillating Universe

Notes

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• The big train robbery
• Big Island

See what "Big Compression" is in other dictionaries:

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Books

• Strength of materials. Workshop. Tutorial for open source software Buy for 863 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Strength of materials. Workshop. Textbook for academic baccalaureate, Atapin V.G.. The textbook covers the basic topics of the discipline Strength of materials: tension and compression, torsion, bending, stress-strain state, complex resistance, ...

Today we will talk about the eternal, not about death, of course, but about space and energy. As one remarkable physicist quote said, all physical equations can be simplified until there is only one symbol U=0. (Energy is zero)
It is clear that initially nothing was zero, and then some kind of fluctuation fluctuations arose, which gave rise to our Universe ... This means that this mystical nothing weighed a bunch of tons or accelerated to such heights that its dotted plume forms the basis of all quarks in the world. An entangled photon prompted me to this idea. As he reports his condition to his couple. And this speed is higher than the speed of light, perhaps it is instantaneous, we just do not have such devices to fix it. In general, it is difficult to synchronize two different chronometers to one femtosecond, no matter who says what. In total, the mass of all vacuum bubbles, if they are motionless, is zero, their energy is zero, but everything starts to change as soon as acceleration or oscillations appear relative to the conditional center, the magnitude of rest. Look at distant galaxies, many of them are spinning, there are neutron stars that are even more amazing objects. What made them move? Due to the merging of the smallest bricks of space, vacuum cells. They make the greatest contribution to all known interactions. If at one point not two, but three bubbles of vacuum merge at once, a photon will appear. This is a relatively more stable formation, but it has only one plane of rotation, so it moves very quickly in any direction. But the fusion of four cells will result in an electron, in which there are already two axes of rotation. The primary bubble itself has a relatively large size of 1.9 mm in diameter, it is simply a giant in the microcosm. But after combining with another, the size decreases four times, and the energy, on the contrary, increases.
Something similar happens when you compress light, causing it to pass through a smaller atomic lattice, from the red spectrum you can make green and then blue. By this analogy, large vacuum bubbles approaching the Earth from space, colliding with air molecules, pass as if through a sieve, they become denser and smaller. And what makes them approach our planet or what attracts them? Now I will express a seditious thought, but it will go down in the history of physics.
Look, the vacuum bubble is very large, it is essentially a microwave, in order to pierce it and burst it will be enough for a photon, electron, atomic nucleus or just heat to pass through it. Therefore, the Sun, radiating more than any electromagnetic waves, provokes a constant lack of bubbles near itself, generating an influx of new ones from far away. A vast zone of reduced vacuum pressure is formed. It is logical that all the planets must certainly fall on our luminary, and this would have happened long ago, if not for one thing. The star itself rolls along the "slope" of low pressure from the center of the galaxy. It only paves the way on its own, burns the road ahead of itself with its own electromagnetic field. The Earth and other planets do the same due to their magnetic fields. Moreover, due to the greater density, they manage to pick up more speed in space than the Sun. Since it moves almost in a straight line, and we still write out a pretzel around it. Cells of space piercing the solar system at the same angle equally orient our electromagnetic fields like a compass, which means that they force all the planets to accelerate in the same direction along with the Sun This is from the North magnetic Pole, to the South and the lines of force come out from the South more powerful because we have the shape of an egg, the southern hemisphere is more flattened.(More radiates as a percentage)
It is too early to draw conclusions, but gravity will have to be completely revised as a drive mechanism for all celestial bodies. If you shine in space with a powerful laser, then it will have a thrust forward in the direction of the beam, more powerful than the reactive force will pull it back. Because it will more intensively burst the bubbles with photons in front of itself and discharge the space.
By the way, pay attention to small asteroids that can accelerate to 60 km per second, even if half of them is our own acceleration and the speeds are added. Heavenly stones themselves practically do not emit anything, which means that they are accelerated exclusively in the fairway of the winds of the electromagnetic fields of the Sun and planets. It turns out the total speed of the ethereal wind is 30 km / s everywhere in our galaxy.
How did I know? A very simple task, imagine you have cars driving at different speeds, randomly back and forth, sometimes collisions occur between them more often tangentially, less often head-on, but the latter reach maximum strength. So they were walking towards each other at about the same speed.
Does the epilogue mean that there is also a back reaction, the division of space bubbles and the expansion of the Universe?
Yes, but that's another story.

, Big squeeze(eng. Big Crunch, the term "Big Cotton" is also used) - one of the possible scenarios for the future of the Universe, in which the expansion of the Universe changes over time to contraction, and the Universe collapses, eventually collapsing into a singularity.

Review

If the universe is finite in space, and the expansion rate does not exceed the escape velocity, then the combined gravitational attraction of all its matter will eventually stop the expansion of the universe and cause it to contract. Due to the increase in entropy, the contraction pattern will be very different from the time-reversed expansion pattern. While the early universe was very homogeneous, the contracting universe will break up into separate isolated groups. In the end, all matter collapses into black holes, which then coalesce, creating as a result a single black hole - the Big Crunch singularity.

The Hubble constant determines the current state of the expansion of the Universe, the force of gravity depends on the density and pressure of matter in the Universe, and their ratio is given by the critical density of the Universe. If the density of the Universe is greater than the critical one, then the gravitational forces will stop the expansion of the Universe, and it will begin to contract. If the density of the Universe is less than the critical one, the Universe will continue to expand, and the forces of gravity will not be enough to stop this expansion. This development scenario will lead to an outcome known as the "Great Freeze", where the universe cools as it expands and reaches a state of entropy [ ] . Some theories say that the Universe can shrink back to where it started, and then there will be a new Big Bang, and such contraction-expansion cycles will continue forever.

We still know very little about the universe. In fact, almost nothing. But since people think about what happens after their death, the death of the entire universe interests us no less. In recent years, the scientific community has put forward many theories - you will be surprised to learn how much they differ from each other. The truth, of course, no one can know.

1. Big squeeze

The most famous theory about the birth of the universe is the Big Bang theory. It says that all matter originally existed as a singularity - an infinitely dense point in the middle of a great nothingness. And then, for unknown reasons, there was an explosion. Matter burst out at an incredible speed and gradually became the universe known to us.

As you might have guessed, the Big Crunch is the Big Bang in reverse. The universe is gradually expanding under the influence of its own gravity, but there must be a limit to this - some kind of end point, a boundary. When the universe reaches this boundary, it will stop expanding and begin to contract. Then all matter (planets, stars, galaxies, black holes - everything) will again be compressed into one infinitely dense point.

True, the latest data from this theory are contradictory - scientists recently discovered that the universe is expanding faster and faster.

2. Heat death of the Universe

By and large, Heat Death is the opposite of the Big Crunch. According to the theory, gravity contributes to the fact that the universe will continue to expand exponentially. The galaxies will move further and further away from each other, like unhappy lovers, and the all-encompassing black abyss between them will grow.

The universe follows the same rules as any thermodynamic system: heat is evenly distributed throughout everything in it. All the matter of the Universe is evenly distributed among the cold, dull and dark "fog".

In the end, all the stars, one after another, will flare up and go out, and there will be no more energy for the emergence of new stars - the universe will go out. Matter will still remain in place, but in the form of particles whose movement will be completely chaotic. These particles will collide with each other, but without exchanging energy. What about people? People, too, will become just particles in the middle of an endless void.

3. Heat death plus black holes

According to a popular theory, all matter in the universe moves around black holes: there are supermassive black holes at the center of almost all galaxies known to us. This could mean that stars and even entire galaxies will eventually be destroyed as soon as they enter the event horizon.

Someday these black holes will absorb most of the matter, and we will be left face to face with the dark universe. From time to time flashes of light will appear here - this will mean that some object was close enough to the black hole to release energy. Then it becomes dark again.

Then more massive black holes will absorb less massive ones and thus become even larger. But this is not the end of the Universe yet: black holes evaporate over time (lose their mass), as they emit what in modern science is called Hawking radiation. And when the last black hole dies, only evenly distributed particles with Hawking radiation will remain in the Universe.

4. End time

If there is at least something eternal in this world, then it is certainly time. Regardless of whether the Universe will exist, time will certainly not disappear anywhere - without it, there would simply be no way to distinguish the previous moment from the next. But what if time just freezes? What if what we mean by moments does not exist at all? Everything will freeze in the same endless moment - forever.

Suppose we live in an infinite universe with infinite time. This means that everything that can happen will definitely happen with one hundred percent probability. The same paradox arises if you live forever. Imagine that the time of your life is unlimited, so everything that can happen to you will also happen, and an infinite number of times. Thus, if you live forever, there is a 100% chance of being out of action for a short time, and you will spend eternity in the darkness of space. Based on this, scientists made the assumption that time will eventually stop.

If you could live forever to experience all this (billions of years after the death of the Earth), you would never even realize that something went wrong. Time will simply stop, and, according to scientists, everything will freeze in an instant, as in a photograph - forever. It will just be the same moment. You would never die, you would never grow old. It would be a kind of pseudo-immortality. But you would never know about it.

5. Big rebound

The Big Rebound is similar to the Big Squeeze, but much more optimistic. The scenario is the same: under the influence of gravity, the expansion of the Universe slows down, and as a result, all matter gathers at one point. According to this theory, the force of rapid contraction will be enough for a new Big Bang to happen - and then a new, young Universe will appear. According to this model, nothing will perish - matter will simply "redistribute".

But physicists and physicists do not like this explanation. Therefore, some scientists argue that the universe may not go all the way back to the singularity. Instead, it will approach this state as close as possible, and then "bounce" with a force similar to that which occurs when a ball bounces off the floor.

The big bounce is very similar to the big bang - theoretically, a new universe will appear. Thus, our Universe may not be the first, but, say, 400 in a row. But there is no way to prove it - as well as disprove it.

6. Big gap

Regardless of how exactly the Universe will die, scientists do not hesitate to use the word “Big” to name the new theory. This, by the way, is an understatement. According to the Big Rip theory, an invisible force called dark energy will cause the universe to expand faster. As a result, it will accelerate so much that it will simply break into pieces.

Most theories say that the universe will not die for a very long time. But the Big Rip theory promises it a relatively quick death - according to preliminary estimates, this will happen in 16 billion years.

Planets and possibly life will still exist. And this universal cataclysm can destroy everything at once: tear everything apart or feed it to the cosmic lions living between the universes. One can only speculate about what will happen. But such an end would be much worse than a slow heat death.

7. Vacuum metastability

The theory is based on the idea that the universe is constantly in an unstable state - quantum physics generally says that it is teetering on the brink of stability. Some scientists believe that in billions of years the Universe will step over this line.

When this happens, a kind of “bubble” will appear. Think of it as an alternate universe (although in fact it will be the same universe with different properties). The bubble will begin to expand in all directions at the speed of light and destroy everything it comes in contact with. And eventually destroy everything.

But don't worry, the universe will still exist. Only the laws of physics in it will be completely different, but there, too, life may well arise. Only there will be nothing that we humans will be able to understand.

8. Time barrier

If we try to calculate what is the probability of the existence of a multiverse in which there are an infinite number of universes, but few (or completely) different ones, then we will face the same problem as in the End Time theory: everything that can happen will definitely happen.

To get around this problem, scientists take a single region of the universe and calculate the probability of its existence. The calculations seem logical, but they divide the universe into separate pieces - like a cake. And each piece has a border, like areas on the political map of the world. Just imagine that each country is separated by a wall rushing into the sky.

This model can exist only if the boundaries are real, physical, beyond which nothing can go. According to calculations, in the next 3.7 billion years we will cross this time barrier, and for us the universe will end.

This is in general terms - we do not have enough understanding of physics to describe the theory in more detail. Physicists do, too. But the prospect seems eerie.

9. There will be no end of the universe! (…we live in the multiverse, right?)

In the multiverse, infinite universes can arise within or outside of everything that exists. Universes may start with the Big Bang. Ours could end up with a Big Squeeze, or a Big Rip, or even a Big Kick (they haven't come up with such a theory yet, so if you know physicists, you can give them an idea).

But that doesn't matter: in the multiverse, our universe is not a unique case, it's just one of many. And although she may die, nothing special will happen to the multiverse. This means there will be no end.

While even time itself in other universes can be completely different and behave differently, new universes in the multiverse are popping up all the time (sorry for the pun). According to physics, there will always be more new universes than old ones, so in theory the number of universes is constantly growing.

10. Eternal Universe

The fact that the universe has always been and always will be one of the first concepts developed by people about its nature. But there is also something more serious.

It can be assumed that the Big Bang was the beginning of time. But it is also possible that time existed before it, and the singularity and explosion could have appeared due to the collision of two branes - sheet-like structures of space that form at a higher level of existence. According to this model, the universe is cyclic and will always expand and contract.

Theoretically, we can find out for sure in the next 20 years. Scientists have the Planck satellite specifically for observing the universe. Of course, this is not easy, but scientists can still understand how our Universe began and how it will end. Theoretically, again.

EXPANSION OR COMPRESSION OF THE UNIVERSE?!

The receding of galaxies from each other is currently explained by the expansion of the Universe, which began due to the so-called "Big Bang".

To analyze the distance of galaxies from each other, we use the following known physical properties and laws:

1. Galaxies revolve around the center of the metagalaxy, making one revolution around the center of the metagalaxy in 100 trillion years.

Consequently, the metagalaxy is a giant torsion, in which the laws of vortex gravity and classical mechanics operate (chapter 3.4).

2. Since the Earth increases its mass, it is permissible to assume that all other celestial bodies or their systems (galaxies), under the influence of their own gravity, also increase their mass, in accordance with the laws presented in chapter 3.5. Then, on the basis of the formulas from the same chapter, it is obvious that galaxies should move in a spiral, towards the center of the metagalaxy, with an acceleration inversely proportional to the distance to the center of the metagalaxy or an increase in the mass of galaxies.

The radial acceleration of galaxies when moving towards the center of the metagalaxy causes them to move away from each other, which was recorded by Hubble and which, until now, has been erroneously qualified as an expansion of the Universe.

Thus, based on the above, the conclusion follows:

The universe is not expanding, but rather spiraling or contracting.

It is likely that a metagalactic Black Hole is located in the center of the metagalaxy, so it is impossible to observe it.

When galaxies revolve around the center of the metagalaxy in a lower orbit, the speed of the orbital motion of these galaxies should be greater than that of galaxies moving in a higher orbit. In this case, the galaxies, at certain mega time intervals, should approach each other.

In addition, stars that have inclinations of their own orbits to the galactic, gravitational torsion, must move away from the center of the galaxy (see Chap. 3.5). These circumstances explain the approach of the M31 galaxy to us.

At the initial stage of the appearance of the cosmic torsion, it must be in the black hole state (see Chap. 3.1). During this period, the cosmic torsion maximizes its relative mass. Consequently, the magnitude and velocity vector of this torsion (BH) also has maximum changes. That is, Black Holes have a character of movement that does not significantly correspond to the movement of neighboring cosmic bodies.

Currently, a black hole has been discovered that is approaching us. The motion of this black hole is explained by the above dependence.

It should be noted the contradictions of the Big Bang hypothesis, which, for unknown reasons, are not taken into account by modern science:

According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the system (the Universe), left to itself (after the explosion) turns into chaos and disorder.

In fact, the harmony and order observed in the universe is contrary to this law,

Any particle exploded with great force must have only a rectilinear and radial direction of its own motion.

The general rotation in outer space of all celestial bodies or their systems around their center or other bodies, including the metagalaxy, completely refutes the inertial nature of the movement of space objects obtained from the explosion. Consequently, the source of motion of all space objects cannot be an explosion.

• - How could huge intergalactic voids have formed in outer space after the "Big Bang"?!
• - according to the generally accepted model of Friedman, the cause of the "Big Bang" was the compression of the universe to the size of the solar system. As a result of this over-giant compaction of cosmic matter, the "Big Bang" occurred.

The followers of the idea of ​​the "Big Bang" are silent about the obvious absurdity in this hypothesis - how could the infinite Universe shrink and fit into a limited volume equal to the size of the solar system!?