Aesthetic requirements for clothing. Basic clothing requirements

Clothing forms the appearance of a person, therefore, in the complex of requirements for it, aesthetic requirements occupy a special place. aesthetic consumer evaluation quality

The aesthetic requirements for clothing are in accordance with its modern spiritual needs of a person and society, expressed in aesthetic ideals, the prevailing style direction and fashion.

The aesthetic evaluation of real products is revealed by comparing them with the ideal, i.e. human conception of beauty. The concept of "beautiful" is formed in the mind of a person under the influence of a number of factors: the standard of living of society, working conditions, the level of culture and production, climatic, national characteristics, etc. In addition, the formation of an aesthetic ideal is influenced by individual characteristics of a person - age, lifestyle, gender occupation, place of residence, etc. Each person has his own idea of beautiful, in accordance with which he forms his wardrobe, decorates his house, gives preference to certain works of art. The public idea of beauty changes and improves under the influence of many different factors, and primarily in connection with the development of the productive forces of society and its culture.

Clothing is an object of arts and crafts and at the same time a subject of personal use of a person. Therefore, it must satisfy the aesthetic requirements of both society as a whole and individuals. Although the aesthetic tastes and requirements of each individual are individual, people living in the same society, at the same time and in the same conditions, develop a more or less general idea of \u200b\u200bthe beauty in clothes and household items.

The concept of "beautiful" as a positive expression of a person's aesthetic attitude to reality means not just the beauty of the form, but also its usefulness, truth, morality. The concept of "aesthetic" means the emotional perception of reality. The aesthetic properties of clothing characterize not only its artistic side, i.e. beauty, but also utilitarian properties. The form of a beautiful product is organically linked to the content, i.e. with its utility.

Aesthetic needs a person satisfies due to the ability to perceive. The feeling of aesthetic perception of clothing arises in a person at the moment of its emotional impact on the senses. The emotional impact on a person is exerted by such properties of clothing as geometric shape, size, weight, color, material properties (softness, roughness, touch, etc.). The color of the product has the strongest effect on a person. Therefore, first of all, he perceives and evaluates the sensations from the color and light characteristics of clothing and its volume-spatial structure, and then - its other properties that characterize the internal structure, content and purpose.

Conventionally, the form of clothing can be considered in three aspects. The functional form is determined by the purpose of clothing, its utilitarian functions. The constructive form is characterized by the structure of clothing - volume, proportions, rational use of the properties of materials. The aesthetic form satisfies the demand for beauty and artistic expressiveness. We can talk about the high aesthetic value of clothing only if the product has a single shape, created taking into account a complex of the most important requirements: functional, ergonomic, aesthetic.

Aesthetic requirements for clothing are largely dependent on style and fashion. Style is a historically established stable community of a system of means and techniques of artistic expression. Stylistic unity is characteristic of architecture, art, objects - work and life, clothing, and is expressed in the general system of form organization. Style covers a long period of development of society. The style of the era is formed under the influence of the socio-economic conditions of society, the philosophical ideas prevailing in it, aesthetic ideals, customs, natural, climatic and other factors. Significant changes in historical conditions predetermine a change in styles and, consequently, fundamental changes in the dominant forms in art, household items, clothing, etc. Thus, in the Middle Ages, the Gothic style in clothing was expressed in the preference for elongated forms. And in the era of the dominance of baroque and rococo styles, clothes abounded with decorations in the form of bows, folds, lace and other trimmings.

Fashion, unlike style, is a temporary community of means of artistic expression. Fashion in clothing is expressed in a short dominance in a certain social environment of certain habits and tastes in the design of products. The emergence of fashion in clothing as a social phenomenon is associated with the natural need of a person to constantly update, improve products and bring them in line with changing living conditions and tastes. A person cannot wear the same dress or suit all his life. The form of clothing changes with age, under the influence of natural, climatic and other conditions. Social and economic conditions of society have a great influence on fashion.

Periodic changes in fashion in clothing can also be explained by psychological reasons. A person's desire for something new and original encourages him to acquire new fashion products that are noticeably different from the old ones. A new fashion for clothes is approved at first timidly and uncertainly, but gradually the number of its fans increases. By the time of the greatest distribution of fashionable forms of clothing, when fashion becomes dominant, consumers are psychologically tired of monotony and there is a desire to update established forms. There is a sharp, contrasting transition to a new fashion, to new forms of clothing. Thus, the cyclical development of fashion is carried out. Each cycle of significant fashion change lasts from 3-4 to 7-15 years. It should be noted that cyclic fashion changes occur in a spiral. This means that the new fashion contains elements of the old one, but does not repeat them exactly. For example, miniskirts in women's clothing dominated in the 70s, then they were replaced by maxi skirts, and in the late 80s they reappeared, but in different silhouettes.

Fashion changes are usually manifested in individual elements of the uniform - silhouette, shoulder height, the shape of individual parts, the length of the product, its width at various levels (waist, bottom, etc.), etc.

An analysis of the development of fashion shows that, despite the spontaneity of the process of changing it, it is possible to predict and manage fashion. Considering the most favorable ratio (equality) of obsolescence and physical wear and tear, it is possible to establish the optimal duration of the fashion change cycle.

The attitude to fashion of people of different ages is not the same: young people actively accept the bold proposals of fashion designers, and representatives of the older generation approach them cautiously. Residents of the city and the countryside, representatives of various social groups accept fashion differently.

Fashion in modern conditions should be focused on the mass consumer and on the industrial production of clothing.

Thus, clothing must comply with a rather complex set of aesthetic requirements: purpose, operating conditions, appearance, individual characteristics and tastes of the consumer, style and modern fashion trends, national traditions. At the same time, it must be original, expressive, all its elements must be in harmony with each other and express the main aesthetic idea.

To implement such versatile aesthetic requirements, clothing must have the appropriate properties. The conformity of clothing to its functional purpose is a complex property, for a comprehensive assessment of which it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions: climate, season, gender and age of consumers, intended purpose (everyday, weekend, for sports and recreation, etc.).

Clothes are created by artists in accordance with the laws of harmony. With the help of harmonization means, it is given not just beauty, but the integrity of the form, the consistency and subordination of its individual elements of the overall composition of the product, their balance and interconnectedness with each other and the environment. Due to the compliance with the laws of general harmony, clothing corresponds to the purpose, specific conditions of human activity.

Compliance with modern style and fashion is the most important property of clothing, on which consumer demand for it depends. Sociological studies show that when choosing clothes, consumers pay almost the most important attention to these properties.

The aesthetic properties of clothing are directly affected by its geometric shape and material properties. The geometric shape of clothing has a significant emotional impact on a person and is perceived by him as the volume, mass of the product, its silhouette. It can give the impression of massiveness or lightness, slimness of the figure. Along with the form, the properties of materials have a strong emotional impact on a person. Using materials of various coloristic design and properties (stiffness, drapeability, plasticity, etc.), it is possible to create products of high aesthetic value.

Requirements for dress code.

1 Aesthetic requirements

Elegant clothes are an unconditional sign of elegance and high class. And here designers and artists go to great lengths to achieve the originality and uniqueness of every detail, every structural element of the product. They affect such aspects as the texture and surface density of the fabric structure from exquisite thin silk to printed and dense jacquard. Every piece of weaving, every embroidery stitch, color solution, drawings with geometric and floral ornaments must correspond to the modern fashion trend so that the clothes do not look casual, but unusual and exclusive.

2 Economic requirements

The concept of product efficiency is associated not only with material, but also labor and monetary costs for its design, technological preparation for manufacture and operation. Elegant clothing is most often expensive clothing and its price directly depends on the cost of its production. Special expensive materials are developed for unique models, hand-finishing of the product is used, using old Russian technologies, for example, Torzhok gold embroidery or bead embroidery, and often dresses can be sewn without the use of sewing machines at all, which indicates the high price of the product that can be purchased. according to social status, not every consumer.

3 Technological requirements

The technology of tailoring fashion products has its own rules and techniques used to create such necessary fashion details: flounces, ruffles, frills, and other characteristic elements. Of course, this is also due to the nature of the fabric used, such qualities as drapability for light silk fabrics, rigidity for shaping and emphasizing special constructive lines of clothing, the thickness of the fabric, which can vary from 0.1 mm for thin ones, such as nylon, silk, cashmere to thick velvets 2-3 mm thick. Among the most characteristic features and properties of the fabric, it should be noted the possibility of creating various figurative solutions and silhouettes, depending on the cut or layers of two or more multi-colored fabrics.

4 Hygiene requirements

In this case, hygienic requirements are reduced to zero, so smart clothes are more subject to aesthetic requirements, due to the short service life. the main requirements for the product are the minimization of electrification with the help of antistatic impregnations and the minimum causticity of the upper fabric to ensure comfort.

5 Wear resistance

Wear resistance in smart clothes is also practically not taken into account, with the exception of properties that can change the appearance. These include the appearance of pills after a short wear and a low separation of the threads in the seams. Both properties are directly dependent on the structure of the upper fibers.

Principles of selection of materials in the product package.

The principles for choosing materials that make up the product package as a whole are the same regardless of its purpose and range. The work is carried out in several stages.

The preliminary selection of materials must be carried out in such a way as to satisfy the main condition - the unity of requirements and the properties of all materials that make up the product package.

The main goal of the rational selection of materials in the package of outerwear products is the creation of product designs that are distinguished by increased dimensional stability and stability of appearance during wear. Therefore, it is very important to take into account the elastic properties of coating and cushioning materials, the change in their linear dimensions during the HTO process, the thickness, and in order to reduce the material consumption of garments, take into account their surface density.

When selecting finishing materials, it is necessary to take into account the aesthetic requirements for the product. At the first stage, it is necessary to determine the most important requirements for the selected materials and their quantitative characteristics. The number of the most important characteristics and their value in each particular case may be different. For example, for lining fabrics, this may be surface density and shrinkage; or surface density and hygienic characteristics, etc.

For gasket materials, thickness, stiffness, color, shrinkage, or just stiffness and thickness may be the main factors, for some products formability, stiffness, etc. may be important.

For fastening materials (sewing threads), the linear density, extensibility, strength, etc. may be the most important.

The second stage of work is the characteristics of the materials of the product package that meet the main requirements, the choice of assortment groups and specific article numbers of materials. If it is possible to use materials that meet the basic requirements, but have different levels of consumer properties, it is necessary to provide an annotation of their characteristics and conduct a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the operational properties of products made using these materials, as well as evaluate the features of their technological processing at the first two stages of work. When determining quality indicators, you can use the recommendations of GOST 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, price lists, technical and educational literature, but it should be noted that these are indicators of fabric quality, and not criteria for choosing materials for a particular product. The establishment of the main and additional factors that determine the selection of materials for a particular product should be justified based on its features.

The requirements for clothing depend on its purpose, operating conditions, age and gender of the consumer.

Functional requirements.

The utilitarian (practical) function of clothing is to protect a person from adverse weather conditions, to provide optimal temperature conditions.

Clothing should decorate a person, hide his physical defects. Clothing can serve as a sign of sadness (mourning) and a sign of joy (wedding). Clothing performs various social, ritual, professional functions. In accordance with this, the various meanings of the functions of clothing are determined. For example, for solemnly elegant clothes, the main function is aesthetic, comfortable to wear and durability - for everyday wear.

ergonomic requirements.

Ergonomic requirements for clothing are associated with the physiological, anthropometric and other characteristics of a person. Clothing should be comfortable and create a feeling of comfort, it should not tire and cause a decrease in performance.

anthropometric requirements.

Clothing must correspond to the height, size, and fullness of the buyer. Clothes should be easy to take off, put on, fasten, iron, resize, etc. Of great importance in clothing is the degree of freedom of fitting the figure with the product, it is provided by the corresponding values of increases or allowances.

The minimum allowance for a coat is 5-6 cm, for a dress, jacket, jacket - 2.5 cm.

Anthropometric requirements are also satisfied through the use of textile materials that are capable of compensating for changes in body dimensions in dynamics due to deformation and elongation. The greater the elongation of textile materials, the smaller the allowances for a loose fit should be.

Hygiene requirements

Hygienic requirements are imposed on clothing to ensure the normal functioning of the human body. Clothing should provide a person with freedom of movement, not wrinkle, easy to put on and take off.

Hygienic requirements include: heat protection, hygroscopicity, vapor and air permeability, water tightness.

Thermal insulation - the ability of clothing to retain heat. Heat protection is affected by the design, cut, style. To increase heat protection, fleece fabrics and special cushioning insulating materials are used.

Hygroscopicity - the ability of clothing to absorb moisture to ensure the absorption of sweat and return it to the external environment. It is due to the hygroscopicity of the fabric from which the clothing is made.

Breathability. Clothing should be well ventilated. Carbon dioxide accumulates in the underclothing space, which negatively affects the well-being and performance of a person.

The greatest breathability should have products of underwear and dress assortment. Smaller - coats, raincoats, suits.

Vapor permeability. The thicker and denser the fabric, the less vapor permeability. The best vapor permeability in clothes made of cotton and viscose fabrics.

The weight of the garment. The mass of a set of winter clothes is sometimes 1/10 of the mass of a person's body. This causes additional energy consumption when worn, so it is necessary to use light basic, auxiliary and insulating materials.

Aesthetic requirements

Aesthetic requirements are that the clothes are comfortable, beautiful. It corresponded to fashion so that the color, style and overall style of clothing created a harmonious look.

Clothing should be consistent with modern style and fashion.

Style is a historically established stable system of means and methods of artistic expression. Features of the Gothic, Romanesque, Baroque, Rococo styles are reflected in the shape, size, color, proportions. Style reflects the character of the era, its artistic taste and determines the changes in the forms of household items and clothing.

Operational Requirements

In the process of wearing clothes, they experience loads and undergo various deformations. The duration of operation of the product depends on the conditions of its wear, the properties of the fabric, its quality and type of processing.

The reliability of clothing in operation is an important consumer property. During operation, quality indicators should not change dramatically over a certain period of time (service life of clothing).

The reliability of clothing is associated with a partial or complete loss or change in the utilitarian and aesthetic properties of a garment. The reliability of clothing is a complex property, consisting of such elements as reliability, maintainability, durability, etc.

The durability of a product depends on its resistance to physical wear. Physical wear is the visible destruction of materials, changes in size, color, loss of water-resistant properties, etc. If the product has ceased to meet fashion or consumers have changed the requirements for the shape, color, texture of the material, then the obsolescence of clothing has also occurred.

The function of clothing is understood as the service role that it performs in a person's life. Functionality - compliance of a product, a complex of products with a purpose, i.e. the ability to perform a particular function in the process of life.

In everyday life, clothing plays a huge role for a person, because. represents essential item.

The main function of clothing- this is the protection of a person from weather conditions (cold, heat, precipitation).

The main functions of modern clothing: protective, informational, aesthetic.

The information function is necessary and has the value of a distinctive sign of social affiliation or professional activity of a person.

Aesthetic function is a subject of human material culture, and represents the features of a historical era, national character or individual creative features.

Protective function . Although clothing has a direct purpose, and it is used in consumer conditions, it is also an object of art.

The requirements for clothing depend on its purpose, operating conditions, age and gender of the consumer.

Utility (practical) function clothing is to protect a person from adverse weather conditions, to provide optimal temperature conditions.

Ergonomic requirements to clothing are associated with physiological, anthropometric and other characteristics of a person. Clothing should be comfortable and create a feeling of comfort, it should not tire and cause a decrease in performance.

Anthropometric requirements. Clothing must correspond to the height, size, and fullness of the buyer. It should be convenient to take off, put on, fasten, iron, resize, etc. clothes. The degree of freedom of fitting a figure with a product is of great importance in clothes, it is provided by the corresponding amounts of increases or allowances. Anthropometric requirements are also satisfied through the use of textile materials that are capable of compensating for changes in body dimensions in dynamics due to deformation and elongation.

Hygiene requirements applied to clothing to ensure the normal functioning of the human body. Clothing should provide a person with freedom of movement, not wrinkle, easy to put on and take off. Hygienic requirements include: heat protection, hygroscopicity, vapor and air permeability, water tightness.

Breathability. Clothing should be well ventilated. Carbon dioxide accumulates in the underwear space, which negatively affects the well-being and performance of a person. The greatest breathability should have products of underwear and dress assortment. Smaller - coats, raincoats, suits.

Vapor permeability. The thicker and denser the fabric, the less vapor permeability. The best vapor permeability in clothes made of cotton and viscose fabrics.

Aesthetic requirements are that the clothes are comfortable, beautiful. It corresponded to fashion so that the color, style and overall style of clothing created a harmonious look. Clothing should be consistent with modern style and fashion.

operational requirements. In the process of wearing clothes, they experience loads and undergo various deformations. The duration of operation of the product depends on the conditions of its wear, the properties of the fabric, its quality and type of processing.

The durability of a product depends on its resistance to physical wear. Physical wear is the visible destruction of materials, changes in size, color, loss of water-resistant properties, etc. If the product ceases to meet fashion or consumers have changed requirements for the shape, color, texture of the material, then obsolescence of clothing has occurred.

Literature:,.

7. Assortment and classification of clothes

At different periods of life and times of the day, a person wears not one thing, but several, and each of them has a specific purpose for different conditions: for recreation, for sports, for work.
That is why (classification of clothing by purpose) clothing is divided into: household, industrial and sports.

household clothes - This is the largest category and is divided into elegant, casual and home.

Industrial clothing is divided into departmental and special clothing (for lumberjacks, miners, nurses, doctors, firefighters).
Departmental clothing performs the most vivid informational function.

Sportswear can also be subdivided more narrowly. For example, clothing for certain sports (football, tennis, basketball).

There is a classification according to the seasons: summer, winter, autumn-spring or demi-season.

Another important factor in the classification of clothing is the classification by gender and age into men's, women's and children's.

Under assortment of garments understand the list of their goods grouped according to certain characteristics. The range of garments is large and complex, including various types and varieties of clothing, hats, as well as bed linen, table linen, etc.

Garments are classified into classes, subclasses, groups, subgroups, types, etc.

Classes of garments: household, sports, special, national, departmental clothing. Each class is divided into subclasses. Subclasses of household clothing: outerwear, light, underwear, bed linen, corsetry, headwear. Products included in subclasses are divided into groups, for example, groups of outerwear: coats, raincoats, jackets, suits, etc.

Groups by age and gender are divided into subgroups, for example, a group of coats - men's, women's, for boys and girls of senior school, school, preschool age.

Sewing products are distinguished by types that differ in the following features: specific name, gender of the consumer, his age, seasonality and time of use, the material used, the purpose of the product. Types of garments are divided into varieties, which are characterized by three features: the name of the product, the style, the complexity of the style.

In industry, a certain classification of garments has been adopted.

The entire range for general purposes is divided into five classes:

1) household products;

2) sports products;

H) overalls;

4) departmental products;

5) national clothes.

Each class is divided into five groups according to operating conditions:

1) outerwear;

2) light dress;

H) linen and sewing haberdashery;

4) hats;

5) inventory, equipment and other products.

The groups are divided into subgroups depending on the model-design features and use: coats, suits, dresses, blouses, skirts and other dress products; top linen, underwear, bed linen, table linen; towel - shawl products; sewing haberdashery; headwear, etc.

Products included in the subgroups are divided into types, which are characterized by six features:

1) specific name (coat, pea coat, overcoat, raincoat, etc.);

2) gender (men's, women's clothing);

H) age (five age groups of children and three age groups of the adult population);

4) seasonality (winter, summer, demi-season, out-of-season products);

5) the type of basic fabrics and materials (woolen, silk, cotton fabrics, etc.);

6) purpose (front, weekend, everyday, home, work, special clothes).

Household clothes are made in various sizes (numbers) and lengths (growths). The size is determined by the circumference of the chest, the length is determined by the length of the human body and fashion.

Clothing has the following sizes (in cm): for adults - 88, 92, 96, 100, ..., 120; for teenage children - 88, 92; senior school age - 76, 80, 84; primary school age - 64, 68, 72; preschool age - 56, 60; toddlers - 48, 52.

For the mass production of clothing, industrial modeling and design methods have been developed that take into account the modern typology of the adult and child population of the country. The dimensional characteristic of typical human figures is given in the form of separate measurements, called dimensional features. The following are accepted as the leading dimensional signs: chest girth and length of the human body (height).

In accordance with the requirements of the standards, when marking ready-made clothes, they put the designation of sizes in centimeters in the following order: for men's clothing - height, chest circumference, waist circumference (for example, 170 - 100 - 88); for women's clothing - height, chest, hips (for example, 158 - 96 - 104), for men's shirts - height, chest, waist, neck (170 - 100 - 88 - 41).

Under construction the appearance and volumetric spatial form of clothing, the nature of its division into constructive belts, the configuration and dimensions of its components, as well as the methods of their connection are understood. The design of clothing is characterized by the external form (silhouette, cut), constructive construction of details (collar, pockets, clasp), decoration and type of connecting seams.

Details of clothing can be divided into two groups: those that determine the three-dimensional shape of the product. these include shelves, backs, sleeves, front and back halves of trousers, skirt panels; not defining the volume-spatial shape of the product. they are divided into two types: parts that have auxiliary values (facing, lining parts, gaskets, edges, etc.), and parts related to structural and decorative elements (pockets, cuffs, straps, belts, bows, etc. .).

The details of the first group are the main ones, as they create the form of clothing. The design and volume-spatial shape of the parts of the second group depend on the design and shape of the main parts.

The design of clothing is determined by the following factors: type and functional purpose of clothing; silhouette and volume-spatial form, dimensions and number of components (cut details); properties of the materials from which clothing is made; ways of connecting the components of clothing; the structure and location of structural seams and darts; the presence of structural and decorative elements (folds, draperies, reliefs, frills, etc.).

The main details may consist of one or more parts, depending on the model, silhouette, shape and type of clothing (Fig. 2.3). The variety of the design of the back and shelves, consisting of one part, is determined by the presence of finishing seams, tucks.

Sleeves of products can consist of one, two or three parts. In addition, the design of the sleeves may be different depending on the design of the lower and upper sections. The design of the upper sections of the sleeves (set-in, raglan and sleeves cut out together with the front and back) determine the cut of the sleeve.

The collar of clothes usually consists of two parts - upper and lower, in a women's dress it can consist of one part. The lower collar of the outerwear gives and holds the shape of the collar of the product, it consists of two parts. The top collar consists of one piece, with the exception of individual products with a stand.

The edging serves to decorate and process the edge of the board, therefore, according to the outer cut, it corresponds to the cut of the boards of the shelves. The belt in shoulder products is an addition to the style, and in waist products it is a detail that ensures the fit of trousers and skirts on the human figure.

The contours of the parts are called slices, they have different names depending on the location in the finished product, put on a human figure (Tables 1, 2).

Table 1

Designation of the design lines of the men's jacket

Rice. 2. Details of the cut of the men's jacket from the fabric of the top

table 2

Name of design lines of men's trousers

Rice. 3. Details of the cut of men's trousers from the fabric of the top

Each part must have a certain fractional direction of the warp threads of the fabric to ensure the resistance of the product to stretching during wear, as well as for better shaping.

Depending on the purpose of clothing, the conditions of its operation, the age, gender and social status of the consumer, certain requirements are imposed on it. They can be divided into social, functional, ergonomic, aesthetic, reliability and safety.

Content social demands mobile and determined by the system of social relations. According to the conformity of clothing to social requirements, the efficiency of its production, the rationality of the assortment and competitiveness are evaluated. Social requirements are characterized by indicators that determine the social need and the possibility of selling clothes.

Social need is estimated by indicators of social address and consumer class (type) of products. The indicator of the social address and the consumer class of clothing characterizes the conformity of manufactured products to the structure of the needs of a certain social group of consumers.

Depending on the orientation towards a certain group of consumers, a consumer class (type) is established. Thus, the consumer type of household clothing includes men's, women's, children's products, and among them products that differ in model, design and size features.

The social address of clothing reflects the family, official and social status of a person. Clothing should correspond to the specific environment of work and leisure, lifestyle, age, personality type, income level, cultural traditions. In the modern world, clothing has a more utilitarian character, but its social significance does not decrease.

The possibility of implementation is assessed by the correspondence of the model to the optimal assortment, seasonality of demand, obsolescence and competitiveness. The main cause of obsolescence is changing needs.

Functional requirements provide for the conformity of clothing to its purpose and operating conditions. The requirements for winter clothing are different from the requirements for summer clothes.

The degree of satisfaction of functional requirements is influenced by several factors: the structure and properties of materials, model and design features of clothing (degree of fit, degree of closeness of clothing, number of layers, etc.), various types of special processing (waterproof, dimensionally stable and etc.), color, etc.

Aesthetic requirements suggest that clothes correspond to the main trends of fashion, the prevailing style direction, the rationality of its form, the integrity of the composition, and the perfection of manufacturing.

With the help of clothes, a person forms his appearance, therefore, high demands are made on the artistic design of clothes, and the creation of clothing models belongs to the field of arts and crafts.

Requirements to information expressiveness reflect the ability of clothing to be iconic, original, fashion and style.

Under familiarity understand the reproduction in the form of products of various aesthetic ideas and ideas. The most iconic are products for children. Originality a product is characterized by the presence in the form of its cumulative features, which cause differences (dissimilarity) from products of a similar purpose in terms of materials, finishing details, the shape of pockets, a collar. Clothing should correspond to the mainstream of fashion in terms of silhouette, cut, style, materials used, construction, color, type of seams, etc.

The integrity of the composition characterizes the organic relationship of elements and form, the unity of parts and the whole. It manifests itself in the volumetric-spatial structure, tectonicity, plasticity, orderliness of graphic and pictorial elements, coloring and decorativeness.

Volumetric-spatial structure characterized by mutual arrangement and size (volumes) of individual elements.

Tectonicity expressed in the relationship of the shape and design of the product with the properties of the material. Plastic the shape of the product is expressed in softness, fluidity, visual coherence, smooth transitions from one part of the form to another.

The aesthetic perception of products is due to the originality of their external design, which is largely determined by the color and decorativeness of the material. coloring characterized by a certain system of color tones, their combinations, relationships. Color is the most important means of emotional expressiveness of the product, a means of influencing the consumer. The color can be warm (mostly red, yellow and orange tones) and cold (mostly blue, green and purple tones), calm and tense, bright and faded.

decorative the material is determined by its texture, texture, the presence or absence of gloss, transparency, etc. For example, the texture of fabrics is determined by the type of yarn, its fibrous composition, twist, etc.

Rationality of form characterizes the peculiarity of the expressiveness of the form and design of the product and compliance with their functional purpose. Rational are the form and design of clothing, through which its purpose is maximally manifested.

Excellence in manufacturing performance and stability of presentation characterize the cleanliness of the execution of constructive lines, the connection of parts, clothing units. The degree of compliance with these requirements is determined by the quality of the seams and finishes of clothing, the quality and clarity of the marking.

Clothing matching ergonomic requirements contributes to the creation of comfortable conditions when wearing clothes, when putting them on, taking them off and caring for them. Ergonomic requirements determine the compliance of clothing with anthropometric, hygienic, psychophysical and psychophysiological, as well as psychological characteristics of a person.

Anthropometric requirements are presented to the proportionality of clothing and anthropometric characteristics of a person. Clothing should correspond to the shape and size of the human body, both statically and dynamically. It should provide favorable conditions for breathing, blood circulation, performing various movements, and preventing fatigue. The design of clothing should provide for its ease of use.

Hygiene requirements provide comfortable conditions for the life of the human body. These are the requirements for the microclimate of the underwear space (temperature, humidity, gas composition, pollution, etc.), heat protection requirements, requirements for electrification, etc.

The regulation of the microclimate of clothing and the creation of comfortable conditions for a person are provided both by the appropriate properties of clothing materials, and by its design and processing. At the same time, such indicators as dust capacity, air and dirt permeability, washable awn, hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity, electrification, etc. are evaluated.

Psychophysical and psychophysiological properties characterize the correspondence of clothing to the power, auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory, tactile capabilities of a person. To meet these requirements, the indicators of the mass of clothing, its rigidity and the amount of friction between the layers of the clothing package and human skin are of great importance.

Satisfaction of psychophysical and psychophysiological requirements is especially important for children's clothing, sports and special products.

Psychological properties characterize the conformity of the product to the skills, perception, thinking and memory of a person. Psychological requirements are met if the clothes are adapted to the peculiarities of the functioning of the human senses, his habits! For example, the location of pockets - in concave areas near the center of gravity; the direction of the fastener, which does not interfere with the movement, is from left to right in men's clothing and from right to left in women's clothing; ease of fastening. This is due to the fact that a person has stable skills for such actions.

Requirements for the reliability of clothing. Clothing must perform its functions for a certain period of time, satisfying the requirements for it. At the same time, its durability, storability, maintainability and reliability should be ensured.

Clothing Compliance durability allows you to save its consumer properties until destruction. The durability of clothing is determined by its wear resistance, i.e., the ability to withstand the action of wear factors, the result of which is wear.

The cause of wear is the impact of physical, chemical, biological and combined factors. The degree of influence of certain factors depends on the purpose and operating conditions of clothing. For example, abrasion, the action of repeated stretching and bending, and insolation have a decisive influence on the wear of outerwear. The wear of linen products to a greater extent occurs due to the complex effect of detergents and other factors of washing, ironing, as well as friction of the linen against other layers of clothing.

The resistance of clothing to the action of wear factors depends on the properties of the materials, the design of the product and the technological processing (the quality of the joining, forming and finishing operations). Reducing the intensity of using clothes (operation with breaks for "rest"), as well as systematic care of products (steaming, ironing) contribute to an increase in the durability of clothes.

The wear of individual sections of clothing occurs unevenly. In this regard, a distinction is made between general and local wear of clothing. The places of the most intense wear are the areas of the knee, elbow, seat of trousers, folds of low sleeves, trousers, bottom of products, convex relief seams, etc. To increase the service life of clothing, these areas are reinforced with a second layer of material (gussets, knee pads, etc.) or special braid (low trousers).

Persistence determined by the conditions of storage and transportation. When clothing is stored in conditions of high humidity, significant shrinkage of materials, a change in its size, damage by microorganisms, and under unsatisfactory transportation conditions, shape distortion, mechanical damage can occur.

maintainability clothing depends on its design and processing methods. Clothes with a large number of cut-off parts of complex shapes are more difficult to recut and remake than clothes of simple shapes with a small number of parts. Products with glued and welded joints of parts and assemblies cannot be turned over and remade due to the high strength of the joints, the impossibility of removing traces of glue from the wrong side of the material.

Reliability requirements - these are requirements for the ability of clothing to maintain its performance for some time or some operating time. For example, it can be the number of cleanings, washings or ironings of clothes for a certain period of its operation.

Safety requirements are characterized by minimizing the risk to human life and health when using clothing. Safety requirements are strictly regulated by legislative acts and normative documents. Depending on the purpose, security requirements may vary. The most stringent requirements apply to children's clothing, especially clothing for newborns and toddlers.

Clothing safety requirements apply to the content of harmful substances (benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, heavy metals, etc.), biological safety, compliance with clothing sizes, etc.