Characteristics and image of Matrena Timofeevna in the poem “Who in Russia should live well. Quotes Image of Matryona Korchagina
"Long-suffering" Matrena Timofeevna.
(Poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia?”)
During the classes.
1. Epigraph to the lesson:
Rumor goes all over the world,
That you are at ease, happily
You live ... Say in a divine way,
What is your happiness?
"To whom in Russia it is good to live"
Introduction by the teacher. Setting the goal of the lesson and defining tasks.
Nekrasov's poem, which became a milestone in the literature of the 19th century, opened up new paths, new techniques, new heroes. What place did this poem occupy in Nekrasov's work? (Nekrasov wrote a poem for 14 years, collecting material, in his words, “by word.” 1863-1877)
-
What year are you counting?
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men got together.
But it is not difficult to understand what period Nekrasov is talking about? (About the reform of 1861, according to which the peasants were freed.)
Has the life of the peasants become better, richer, freer? (And truthful pictures of Russian reality pass before us. Peasant life excites, Nekrasov, peasant problems ... There is a lot of melancholy and sadness in the poem, there are many human tears and grief in it.)
Let's return to the content and remember what question worried the peasants?
(To find out:
Who has fun
Freely in Russia ...,)
And now let's determine what we need to do today in the lesson:
4. Uncover in yourself ... ()
2. Introductory speech of the teacher:
Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman who portrayed the tragedy of her situation and sang the struggle for her liberation.
D for Nekrasova - she is a symbol of life and its national content. Calling his Muse "sister", the poet creates ideal images of tremendous power.
(Speech by Melnikova V "Jack Frost", Sapronova E "Russian women", Gevorgyan - "Yesterday at six o'clock...")
(1863 - "Frost, Red Nose"; 1864 - "Orina, a soldier's mother"; 1872 - "Russian Women" and many poems)
Heavy blond braids
Fell on a swarthy chest,
Bare feet covered her legs,
They prevent the peasant woman from looking.
She took them away with her hands,
He looks angrily at the guy.
The face is majestic, as in a frame ...
I immediately recall the Russian Madonnas on the canvases of Venetsianov, Vasnetsov and others. (Venetsianov's painting At the Harvest is projected etc.) But the heroines of the painters, striking with grace, calmness, spirituality, are still silent about those mournful songs that their female soul sings. But Daryushka in the poem "Frost, Red Nose" and Matryona Timofeevna open up to us from the inside.
3. Teacher:
In the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia", the fate of a woman is unfolded into a whole story, which can rightly be called "The Life of St. Matryonushka".
With deep sympathy Nekrasov created the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. A large part of the poem, called "The Peasant Woman", is dedicated to her. Nekrasov's ideal of a Russian woman finds expression in the creation of the image of the "Dignified Slav".
Her life is a typical life of a peasant woman of that time.
Student performances Me: Her life story? - read the text expressively. (At first she buried the joy of childhood, then girlhood quickly flashed, then marriage, and then the bitter fate of a daughter-in-law, a slave in her husband's family.)
Nekrasov shows the reader how Matrena Timofeevna lived in her husband's family, shows the attitude of his relatives towards his young wife. In addition to hellish work, other disasters fell upon her:
(terrible death of the son's first-born, hungry year, thunderstorm, fire twice, anthrax).
Question to the classAs you noticed, “Peasant Woman” is the only part of the poem written in the 1st person. Why do you think Nekrasov uses 1 person in the story in this part, on behalf of the heroine herself?
(It was not by chance that the poet chose the form of narration in "Peasant Woman"first person , whichattaches the whole story of Matrena Timofeevnaimmediacy and sincerity . In herconfessions the sad story of a Russian woman is revealed, who conquers wanderers with her spiritual beauty, selflessness, diligence,touching love for children.)
Questions to the class:1) Is it by chance that Matryona appears before us as a mother?
3) What events in the life of Matryona Timofeevna are more-
joyful or dramatic?
4) Why is she a "governor"?
5) Is she happy? What is her happiness?
6) What are the features of Matryona Timofeevna's speech?
4. Characteristics of the image Matryona Timofeevna (can be lines from the text):
defining the features that our heroine is endowed with, we involuntarily pay attention to the means of artistic expression used by Nekrasov. Which? -
Epithet- an artistic, figurative definition used to highlight the characteristic, essential features of an object or phenomenon. and application.
Comparisone- the likening of one object to another on the basis of a common feature they have.
metaphora - the use of a word in a figurative sense based on the similarity in any respect of two objects or phenomena.
(remember these terms)
Work with text (the chapter is the largest in volume, so we will take small episodes to find examplestropes - a turn of speech in which a word or expression is used in a figurative sense in order to achieve greater expressiveness)- task in rows:
Page 294 (love for a child)
Page 303 (Russian heroes)
Page 312 or 339 - 340 (output)
outer beauty
hardworking
resolute
strong-willed
independent
strong in spirit
clever
talented
strong and resilient woman , self-esteem, pride , traits of the heroic character of the Russian peasantry , long-suffering, mnogoruchinnaya, conquers with its spiritual beauty, dedication, diligence, touching love for children,
( One of the mainhell character ra of the Nekrasov peasant woman isa deep sense of human dignity, the ability to stand up for oneself and loved ones. ready to reach the king in search of the truth, she complains about the headman to the governor and seeks justice. Not resignation to fate and circumstances, but pain and anger drive her actions.)
Matrena Timofeevna is not only strong in spirit, she is a very gifted, talented woman. (Songs, laments, lamentations (folklore dances) enhance emotions, impression; help to express pain, longing, show more vividly how bitter her fate is. -a song about the hard lot of a peasant woman sounds )
The songs that she sings are perceived as well-known, they are known and “picked up” by wanderers.
Summing up:
7) Why did life's trials not break the heroine? What helps her endure the persecution of her relatives in her husband's house, and the tragedy of Dyomushka, and the humiliation mistaken for Filippushka, and the endless hard work in the house and in the field? What, finally, helps to win the fight for a husband?
Teacher:About the unshakable foundations of folk morality, chastity of the first feeling, love and marriage as the only one for life, about modesty and dignity
(the features of the image of Matryona and the conclusion are projected).
IMAGE FEATURES:
the story about the fate of the heroine comes from the 1st person, which contributes to the intonation of confession;
the poet immerses us in the rhythm of human life - from infancy to death; life appears as one of the manifestations of the divine nature;
the abundance of folk ritual songs as an illustration of the life of Matrena Timofeevna as one fate out of many destinies helps to create a generalized portrait of a Russian woman.
Teacher. conclusion
With work on the image of Matryona Timofeevna, Nekrasov completed his poetic study of the Russian female character.
Not only endurance and the ability to tirelessly work, firmness and will in the fight against obstacles, but also the “gold of the heart” preserved in trials are the inalienable qualities of his hero. The wealth and generosity of the soul, which is enough for love for her husband and children, and for affection for old parents and grandfather, sensitive responsiveness to the beauty of nature, Christian self-sacrifice and the great ability to forgive, not remember evil, as well as the ability to be grateful - wonderful national properties concentrated by the poet in the image of Matryona Timofeevna.
The image of Matryona received a special generalizing meaning due to the fact that Nekrasov combined life impressions and knowledge about the peasants of his time with the poetic work of the people, which captured the historical traditions and properties of national life.
5. You read the work and understand how incredibly beautifully life Matrena Timofeevna lived - in constant work, joys and sorrows of motherhood and the struggle for the family, the husband's house and you will agree with Chukovsky that this poem "breathes with boundless joy about the Russian people, strength and truth, about indestructible foundations of his existence. This is about Matryona the Great Martyr.
(the image of the saint is projected)
Teacher:Self-esteem, spiritual strength, self-sacrifice, patience and meekness - these are the character traits that help the heroine overcome worldly troubles, earn the respect of others and seem from the outside a happy person, a woman.
And yet we understand that only our own spiritual strength saves Matryona Timofeevna. Yes, the future of a woman in Russia seemed hopeless. Every year it became more and more difficult to live and support a family. And it is not by chance that the story
Matryona Timofeevna endsa parable about the lost keys to women's happiness:
Keys from
female happiness,
From our
free will
Abandoned
lost
God
himself!
The women of Nekrasov's time hardly foresaw that all the torment and
suffering and it will be possible to keep pace with men. Installed
the equality and freedom of women create an even more striking contrast between the female image of Nekrasov and the image of a woman of our age.
6. Creative work (compose a text-conclusion for today's lesson using these words. 5-8 sentences):
- Nekrasov, woman's fate "Peasant Woman"captivates with its spiritual beauty, life Matryona Timofeevna , Christian self-sacrifice, painters, long-suffering, generalizing meaning, invincibility.
The theme of the heavy female share worries other writers of the 19th century, and at all times (the floor is given to the student - Timets K. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", etc.)
7 . Reflection .
What was our goal at the beginning of the lesson?
1. Continue ... (look for an answer along with wanderers who are happy in Russia)
2. Determine ... (is Matryona Timofeevna happy, as the inhabitants of the neighboring village say)
3. Consider ... (what tests fate has prepared for M.T.)
4. Uncover in yourself ... ()
1. in the lesson, I determined that ...
2. discovered for himself ...
3. felt (a) ...
4. I want to go to the next lesson ...
8. Thank you guys for the lesson . Grading.
Share you! - Russian woman's share!
Hardly harder to find.
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Life was easy, fun
All over holy Russia!
9. Homework. Statement of the problem task:
Why did the peasants fail to find someone who "... lived freely, cheerfully in all of holy Russia!"
Chapter "Feast for the whole world"
Everything will be fine! You only believe in it!
After all, Happiness that is gone is again knocking on the door!
Everything will be fine! Forgive and don't be sad!
Resentments are evil, they are hard to bear.
Everything will be fine! All to the joy of the way!
Try with all your Soul not to cry, but to bloom!
Look out the window: it’s snowing, it’s raining.
This world is beautiful! Everything will be fine!
Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a hardworking, patient Russian peasant woman. She is about 38 years old, she has dark skin, large eyes, thick eyelashes and gray hair. She lives in the village of Klin, has five sons. And 1 son, Demushka, died in early childhood. Matryona Korchagina has a very unhappy life: before marriage, her parents cherished and cherished her, she lived "like in Christ's bosom."
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But after the wedding, her life becomes completely different: her father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law pester her. A small consolation for her was her husband, who spent a lot of time at work, almost never being at home, and Savely, the grandfather of Matryona's husband. Soon Matrena Timofeevna gave birth to a son, Demushka. But very soon he died through the fault of old Savely: he overlooked his great-grandson, who was eaten by pigs. The double grief for the poor mother was that her beloved son was not buried as it should be, but, in front of his mother, they cut everything. Matryona Korchagin was angry at Savely and for a long time could not recover from the loss of her son. After the death of Demidushka, Matryona had other children, but she still yearned, prayed for him. After some time, she was overtaken by a new grief-death of her parents, and soon grandfather Savely (whom Matryona Korchagina nevertheless forgave later for the death of Demushka). Matrena's whole life was devoted to work and children. She was ready to endure any pain, as long as her children were not touched. So she protected her eldest delinquent son Fedot from the rod, taking the punishment upon herself. A new misfortune that overtook Matrena Timofeevna was a lean year and recruitment that touched her husband and husband's brother. They were taken as soldiers. The family lost their breadwinner. The peasant woman decides to go to the governor and ask for justice. In the end, she manages to see the governor's wife, who returns Philip Korchagin from the service (in the meantime, during a visit to the governor's wife, 1 more son is born to Matryona). Matryona Timofeevna also tells the seven wanderers that in her life there were also such misfortunes as fires, anthrax epidemics, the obsession of the manager Sitnikov, who liked Matryona (soon, to Matryona's relief, he was killed by cholera). Thus, we see that Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a patient Russian woman, a loving mother, who endures all the hardships of fate. Of course, sometimes she has moments when she gives in to grief, but she is comforted, prayers give her strength. Matryona, like all Russian women, cannot be called happy. She says that, according to the words of the holy old woman who visited her, "The keys to the happiness of women are abandoned, lost."
Updated: 2017-12-10
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The grandiose idea of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” was to show a large-scale cross-section of the entire Russian rural life of that time through the eyes of ignorant peasants, freedmen. From the bottom to the very heights, the heroes go in search of the “happiest person”, ask everyone they meet, listen to stories that are very often filled with worries, sorrows and troubles.
One of the most touching, soul-stirring stories: a story in which Matryona Timofeevna is described as a peasant woman, wife, mother. Matrena tells about herself fully, without fantasies, without concealment, she pours out her whole self, lyrically retelling such an ordinary story of a woman of her class for that time. In it alone, Nekrasov reflected the terrible and bitter, but not devoid of bright moments of happiness, truth about the most bonded, the most dependent. Not only from the will of the tyrant-master, but from the all-powerful master of the husband, from the mother-in-law and father-in-law, from her own parents, to whom the young woman was obliged to obey unquestioningly.
Matryona Timofeevna remembers her youth with gratitude and sadness. She lived with her father and mother like Christ in her bosom, but, despite their kindness, she did not mess around, she grew up as a hardworking and modest girl. They begin to welcome grooms, send matchmakers, but from the wrong side. Matrena's mother does not rejoice at the imminent separation from her beloved, she understands what her own child is waiting for:
» Someone else's side
Not sprinkled with sugar
Not watered with honey!
It's cold there, it's hungry there
There is a well-groomed daughter
Violent winds will blow,
Shaggy dogs bark,
And people will laugh!
This quote shows well how Nekrasov's poetic lines are filled with the lyricism of folk wedding songs, traditional lamentation for the outgoing girlhood. Maternal fears are not in vain - in a strange house, Matrena Timofeevna does not find love from new relatives, who always reproach her: “Drowsy, drowsy, messy!” The work that is thrown on the shoulders of a young woman seems exorbitant. There is no need to wait for intercession from Philip, the legal spouse, he spends all the time away from his young wife, looking for work to live on. Yes, and he himself does not hesitate to “teach” Matryona with a whip, although he treats her with affection, and if luck happens in business, he pampers the chosen one with gifts:
“Filipushka came in winter,
Bring a silk handkerchief
Yes, I took a ride on a sled
On Catherine's day
And there was no grief!
Sang like I sang
In my parents' house."
But now, among all the troubles of life, an event happens that turns the whole existence of Matryona - the birth of her first child! She gives him all her tenderness, unable to part, look at the wonderful gift of fate, with these words she describes the appearance of the boy:
“How written was Demushka
Beauty taken from the sun
The snow is white
Poppies have scarlet lips
The eyebrow is black in sable,
The Siberian sable
The falcon has eyes!
All the anger from my soul is my handsome
Driven away with an angelic smile,
Like the spring sun
Drives snow from the fields ... "
However, the happiness of a peasant woman is short-lived. It is necessary to harvest, Matryona Timofeevna, with a heavy heart, leaving the baby in the care of the old man Savely, and he, having dozed off, does not have time to save the boy who has got out of the cradle. The tragedy reaches its peak at the moment when Matryona is forced to look at the autopsy of Demushka's body - the city authorities decide that the mother herself planned to kill the child and conspired with the old convict.
Not broken by this grief, Matryona Timofeevna continues to live, embodying the whole strength of a Russian woman, able to endure many blows of fate and continue to love. The feat of her maternal heart does not stop, each of the subsequent children is dear to Matryona no less than the firstborn, for them she is ready to endure any punishment. Devotion to her husband, against all odds, is no less great. Saving Philip from being taken to the soldiers, she convinces the governor's wife to let the father of the family go home, and returns with a victory, for which the villagers give the woman the nickname "governor".
Self-denial, fidelity and a great ability to love - all these are the features of the image of Matrena Timofeevna, a Russian peasant woman who embodied all the difficult female lot.
The search for a happy person leads the wanderers of N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” to the threshold of the house of Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina.
Happy life
The description of the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is devoted to the chapter "Peasant Woman". The governor, as the peasants call her, joyfully recalls her childhood years, when she felt free, happy, surrounded by care.
The subsequent events are a series of misfortunes. Married life is full of humiliation. The woman listens to the complaints of her mother-in-law, who considers the industrious daughter-in-law to be “drowsy”, “drowsy”. He endures cavils, beatings of her husband. A happy event was the birth of Demushka's son. Only the joy was short-lived. Grandfather Savely fell asleep - a little boy died.
Having recovered, Matrena continues to sacrifice herself for the sake of loved ones. Lies down under the rod instead of the son of Fedotushka (the child took pity on the whelp, feeding her a sheep). Saves her husband from service. Pregnant, in winter she goes to ask for help from the governor. The happiness of a woman is overcoming the trials of fate.
woman's parable
Men cannot find a happy woman, says Matrena Timofeevna. The key to women's happiness is "abandoned", "lost" says a woman's parable. The warriors of God found only the keys that make the peasant woman a slave.
There are a lot of heroes in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia". Some of them pass by. They are mentioned in passing. For others, the author spared no space and time. They are presented in detail and comprehensively.
The image and characterization of Matrena Korchagina in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” is one of such characters. Women's happiness - that's what the wanderers wanted to find in Matryona.
Biography of the main female character
Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina grew up in a family of simple peasants. When she meets the wanderers, she is only 38 years old, but for some reason she calls herself an "old woman". So quickly flies the life of a peasant woman. God gave the woman children - she has 5 sons. One (first-born) died. Why are only sons born? Probably, this is a belief in the appearance in Russia of a new generation of heroes, honest and strong as a mother.
According to Matryona, she was happy only in the father's family. They took care of her, guarded her sleep, did not force her to work. The girl appreciated the care of her relatives, answered them with kindness and labor. Songs at the wedding, lamentations over the bride and the crying of the girl herself are folklore that conveys the reality of life.
Things have changed in my husband's family. There were so many sufferings that not every woman could endure them. At night, Matrena shed tears, during the day she spread like grass, her head was lowered, anger hid in her heart, but accumulated. A woman understands that everyone lives like that. Philip treats Matryona well. But it is difficult to distinguish a good life from cruelty: he flogs his wife with a whip until she bleeds, goes to work, leaves her alone with her children in a hated family. The girl does not require much attention to herself: a silk scarf and sleigh rides return her to cheerful singing.
The vocation of a Russian peasant woman is to raise children. She becomes a real heroine, courageous and strong. Grief is on the heels. The first son - Demushka dies. Grandfather Savely could not save him. The authorities mock the mother. They torment the body of a child in front of her eyes, the pictures of horror remain in her memory for life. Another son gave a sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Matryona protected the boy, standing in his place for punishment. Mother's love is strong:
"To whom to endure, so mothers!".
Korchagina came to the defense of her husband. The pregnant woman went to the governor with a request not to take him into the soldiers.
The appearance of a woman
Nekrasov describes Matryona with love. He recognizes her beauty and amazing attractiveness. Some features for the modern reader are not characteristic of beauty, but this only confirms how attitudes towards appearance have changed over the centuries:
- "impressive" figure;
- "wide" back;
- "dense" body;
- Holmogory cow.
Most of the characteristics are a manifestation of the tenderness of the author. Beautiful dark hair with gray hair, large expressive eyes with the "richest" lush eyelashes, swarthy skin. Ruddy cheeks and clear eyes. What bright epithets are chosen by those around for Matryona:
- "written kralechka";
- "filling berry";
- "good ... comely";
- "white face".
- The woman is neat in her clothes: a white cotton shirt, a short embroidered sundress.
Matryona's character
The main character trait is diligence. Since childhood, Matrena loves work and does not hide from it. She knows how to put haystacks, ruffle flax, thresh on the barn. The woman's household is large, but she does not complain. She gives all the strength that she received from God to work.
Other features of the Russian beauty:
Frankness: telling the wanderers her fate, she does not embellish or hide anything.
Sincerity: a woman does not prevaricate, she opens her whole destiny from her youth, shares her experiences and "sinful" deeds.
Love of freedom: the desire to be free and free remains in the soul, but the rules of life change the character, make one be secretive.
Courage: often a woman has to become a "brash woman." She is punished, but "arrogance and obstinacy" remain.
Loyalty: the wife is devoted to her husband, in all situations strives to be honest and faithful.
Honesty: Matryona herself leads an honest life and teaches her sons to be like that. She asks them neither to steal nor to cheat.
Woman sincerely believes in God. She prays and comforts herself. It becomes easier for her in conversations with the Mother of God.
Happiness Matryona
Wanderers are sent to Korchagina because of the nickname - the governor's wife. Rarely could anyone from a simple peasant woman become famous in the district with such a title. But did the nickname bring true happiness? No. The people slandered her as a lucky woman, but this is only one case in the life of Matryona. Courage and perseverance returned her husband to the family, life became easier. The children no longer had to go to beg in the villages, but it is impossible to say that Korchagina is happy. Matrena understands this and tries to explain to the peasants: among ordinary Russian women there are no happy women, and cannot be. God Himself denied them this - he lost the keys to joy and will. Her wealth is lakes of tears. The tests were supposed to break the peasant woman, the soul was supposed to become callous. The poem is different. Matryona does not die either spiritually or physically. She continues to believe that there are keys to female happiness. She rejoices every day and admires men. She cannot be considered happy, but no one dares to call her unhappy either. She is a real Russian peasant woman, independent, beautiful and strong.
