The procedure for adopting a child from a maternity hospital and a baby home. The procedure for registration of guardianship Where to take children into the family

How much do they pay for a foster child in Russia? There are a lot of rumors about this. Articles regularly appear in newspapers, magazines and virtual publications devoted to tens and hundreds of thousands of rubles allegedly received by guardians. Some journalists confidently claim that people take children from the baby house only because of the money. The amounts attributed to adoptive parents can solve any financial problems - debts, mortgages, a new car ... However, there are those who rightly doubt whether all these stories can be trusted.

Money: income and expenditure

You can try for a long time to count the money in someone else's wallet, but from the outside it is still not clear how these amounts are combined with everyday life. For example, when adopting a disabled person, the guardian receives from the state up to half a million rubles, but only with this money he will have to purchase all the equipment necessary for a full-fledged life of the baby. And it will not work to save money - the social service carefully monitors compliance with the terms of the agreement with the state. The authorities do not just give the child away from the baby house, but also control that his life is at a high level.

Should I count money in someone else's wallet? Some citizens of our country who have adopted several orphans, including disabled people, regularly encounter media interest. Journalists actively count the money received in such families, but rarely evaluate real expenses. But new parents not only provide housing for orphans, care and concern, but also give love, a sense of family, which is incredibly important for future socialization.

Foster Child Benefit: how it works

In fact, the money that the state gives is not the property of the guardian. The allowance for orphans belongs to them. Of course, there are restrictions associated with the age of majority, so the funds are transferred to the name of the guardian. But this happens only on the condition that the finances will be spent on the orphan himself, adopted into a new family.

However, when registering a foster family, you can receive funds for which you do not need to write reports. True, this is not easy to do, so many adoptive parents prefer not to fool themselves and simply raise orphans as guardians. To some extent, they can be compared with the managers of orphanages. And how much do they pay for a foster child in an orphanage? The turnover of such an institution is up to 45 million. True, the money, as well as in the case of guardians, goes only to the wards, and they will have to be accounted for. By the way, the words about reporting are not empty. The guardian must keep all checks and return them regularly to the social services.

What's the problem?

While the media are counting how much money carers can get, these people themselves say that raising a child from an orphanage is not an easy task. It is necessary not only to provide housing for orphans, but also to provide them with decent living conditions. And everything would be fine, but only children are different. And this is not surprising, because who are usually given to shelters by newly-made parents? Those with whom there may be difficulties. For example, those with mental retardation or other features of physical and mental health, promising problems in the near future. Carers who take on these babies are ready for the hardships of everyday life.

What does the monthly foster care allowance go towards? In addition to medicines and food, clothing and utilities, you have to spend quite a lot of money to maintain the house in good condition. Many children with developmental delays suffer from increased aggression, which means that they will regularly break something. Some things you can get as a gift, something you have to buy yourself. The table is broken and needs a new one. Wardrobe is broken - will have to buy. The breakdown of expensive items (for example, a computer, TV, washing machine) can make a rather big hole in the family budget. Therefore, in fact, benefits for foster parents are not felt as an improvement in financial condition. In the best case, it will be possible to stay at the level at which the family lived before the appearance of the baby from the orphanage.

Foster children: it's important

I must say: despite the state program of financial support, there are quite a few people who want to get a foster child. Those who decide to adopt a child from an orphanage are aware that the foster child allowance will not cover all expenses for the maintenance of a new family member. Guardians, foster parents usually take someone, wanting to help the person, and this is the strongest motivation.

How much does the state pay for a foster child with a disability per month? Amount - from 25 thousand rubles and less. If guardians do not work, then they additionally pay a small amount of money. True, the specific amount of payments is determined not only by the child's illness, but also by the city in which the adoptive parents live. For example, Muscovites can count on large sums. On the other hand, prices in the capital are noticeably higher than in other cities. The state monthly transfers a certain amount to the address of the adoptive parent, which can be assessed as a salary, because caring for a disabled person from a shelter is work.

Where does the money go?

It would seem that the deduction for a foster child, a lump sum payment, monthly allowances and benefits in total give a real one. But what happens in practice? No matter how much the media clings to foster parents, claiming that they take children only for the sake of money, these families are not distinguished by wealth. And it's all about the treatment.

Some adopted children can count on free rehabilitation. But you have to buy medicines out of your own pocket. There is a rather small list of medicines provided by the state free of charge, but it is too narrow. Drug costs are high. Only one package of an effective drug, designed for 10-20 days of administration, can cost 2-3 thousand rubles. And such medicines require not one or two, but more. So it turns out that the foster child allowance is spent on medical preparations, and sometimes it is not even enough for them.

And about money: how much will we get?

So, how much do they pay for a foster child now? Payments are divided into several categories. There are federal They are provided from the state budget. For the current year, the amount is set at 14,703.93 rubles. To receive this money, you will have to prepare a package of documents. Among them should be papers confirming that the children are either deprived of their parents, or they cannot raise them, as well as a self-filled application and a copy of the agreement to transfer the child to a non-native family for upbringing. All these documents are sent to the guardianship authorities responsible for the custody of the child. You need to apply to the state authorities at the place of residence. For each new baby adopted into the family, a package of documents is prepared anew.

Additionally, certain funds can be counted on from the regional budget. How much is paid for an adopted child from this source? The amounts are not impressive. For the first adoption, you can get 4,556 rubles, for the second, a little more - 6,074, for each subsequent adoption from the regional budget, the family will be allocated 7,593 rubles. To get this money, you also have to fight the bureaucratic machine. You need to apply to the same state authority responsible for Foster parents write an application for money, attach a copy of the agreement on the adoption of the child into the family.

Is there anything else?

One hundred thousand rubles can be received from the regional budget. The amount is paid only once, at the moment when the family adopts a disabled person. To receive this money, you need to write an application to the social service responsible for foster children, attach documents proving the identity of the parent, documents from which it follows that he is a citizen of our country, as well as official papers confirming residence (permanently or most of the time) within this area.

You also need to attach documents proving the identity of a minor adoptable with a disability or a passport, if he already has one. The child must also live permanently or most of the time in the territory of the region, in the social bodies of which financial support is requested. This must be documented. You also need to provide documents proving that the adopted child is disabled, court papers legalizing the adoption, and a birth certificate of the child.

Every month - a little support

Guardians can count on a small monthly support from the state. This payment is called "remuneration". If the child has not yet reached the age of 12, then 7,200 rubles per month are due for one adopted child, if this age limit is exceeded, the authorities will pay eight thousand rubles a month.

In order to receive what is due under the law, it is necessary to contact the state authority responsible for guardianship and guardianship. For each new member adopted into the family, you need to request help separately. Parents write a statement and provide a copy of the agreement that the child has been adopted.

special case

Slightly larger financial support is for those who take care of children with disabilities, children suffering from chronic diseases, or toddlers under three years of age. The difference is small, only three thousand for each adopted, but still financial support will not be superfluous.

To receive this money, the social authorities will have to provide not only an application from the adoptive parents and a copy of the agreement under which the child was adopted into the family, but also some special papers. This is the conclusion of doctors, officially confirming the presence of the disease, the status of disability. The money paid in this case is classified as wages for raising a child.

What if there are many children?

Some foster parents have the means, energy, and time to raise multiple children. Other families may adopt three or even more orphans. The state encourages this practice with financial assistance: for the third child and each subsequent one, the authorities pay extra three thousand.

To obtain what is required by law, it is necessary to submit an application and a copy of the agreement on the adoption of a new family member to the state authority.

Foster children: the state will help

If the situation in the child's life has developed in such a way that he was left without parental care, then you can count on being raised in a foster family. If there are people who are ready to take the baby to them, the state will pay a little money.

For children under seven years of age, financial assistance is provided in the amount of 7,037 rubles, for those under 12, the payment is 8,403 rubles, and at the age of 12-18 years, you can count on 9,250 rubles. You can get money if the adoptive parent writes a statement to social protection, supported by a copy of the agreement on the adoption of the child.

Social support: you need to know your rights

Under current legislation, families that have taken custody or adopted a child can count on benefits and preferences. In particular, for utilities, the benefit is almost a third of the cost if there are 1-2 adopted children in the family. In addition, such children can use public municipal transport free of charge. True, this does not apply to taxis and private minibuses.

If a family brings up three children or more, then the discount on a communal apartment remains the same (30%), but until the age of six, the country's authorities provide children with all the necessary medicines. It also provides for free use of municipal public transport, not only by children, but also by the family itself, which took them up.

Friends, alas, in our time, before finding the long-awaited happiness, it is necessary to go through many instances and obstacles. Adoption involves a huge number of formal procedures. To help you in this difficult but very rewarding task, we are republishing the material provided to us by the Change One Life Foundation.

And today we will touch on several topics at once, the most important for parents who decide to adopt a child:

Who can become a guardian and what is the SPR
- We collect documents
- Communicating with guardianship authorities
- We are looking for a child and arrange custody
- Getting ready for a new life
- Establishing a foster family

Introduction: guardianship or foster care

With varieties of forms of family structure in Russian legislation, everything is much simpler than it seems. And it seems that everything is complicated, mainly because the media confuses us. Incompetent journalists call all children who have found parents indiscriminately “adopted”, and all families who have taken such children for upbringing are called “adopted”. Whereas in reality, foster parents do not adopt children, but take them under guardianship. But reporters have no time to understand such subtleties - so they form one stereotype after another.

By and large, there are only two types of family arrangement in Russia - adoption and guardianship. Legal relations between adults and a child during adoption are regulated mainly by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and during guardianship (as well as guardianship and foster family) - by the Civil Code. guardianship from guardianship

differs by the age of the child (over 14 years old), and foster family is a paid form of guardianship when the guardian receives remuneration for his work. In other words: the creation of a foster family is always based on the registration of guardianship or guardianship of a child. Therefore, for ease of perception, further the phrases “foster family” and “foster parent”, as well as “guardianship” and “trustee” will only occur where it is impossible to do without them. In all other cases - "guardianship" and "guardian".

Despite the fact that adoption is considered a priority form of family placement in the Russian Federation, today more and more citizens who want to adopt a child with a difficult fate into their family choose guardianship and its derivatives. Why? based on the interests of the child. After all in the case of registration of guardianship, the child retains his orphan status, and, consequently, all the benefits, payments and other benefits due from the state.

Choosing between adoption and guardianship, many parents put the material side of the issue at the forefront. In many regions, adoptive parents receive substantial lump-sum payments. For example, residents of the Kaliningrad region can receive 615,000 rubles to purchase a dwelling on the right of ownership of an adopted child. And in the Pskov region they give out 500 thousand rubles without any restrictions on their use. And not only to Pskov residents, but to adoptive parents from any region.

In addition, since 2013, when adopting sisters and brothers, or disabled children or adolescents over 10 years old, the state pays parents 100 thousand rubles at a time. And if the adopted child is the second in the family, then the parents can also apply for maternity capital. All these payments are a good help to improve the living conditions of the family. But, as mentioned earlier, an orphan in the case of adoption becomes an ordinary Russian child, losing all the "orphans' capital", including their own housing.

On the other hand, for a child, especially an older child, it is extremely important to realize that he is not “custodial”, but adopted - that is, he has become a family not only in the hearts of loved ones, but also documented. However, quite often it is simply impossible to prefer adoption: if there are restrictions on the forms of family arrangement. So, if the baby's biological parents are not deprived of parental rights, but only limited in them, then only two forms of arrangement will be possible for the child: guardianship (guardianship) or a foster family.

When choosing between paid and unpaid forms of guardianship, many wealthy families choose the second option - they say, why should we receive remuneration for raising a child, we will raise him for free. Meanwhile, this small (3-5 thousand rubles a month, depending on the region) money can be used to create the child’s own savings - after all, no one bothers to open a replenishable deposit in the name of your ward, and form a decent amount by his age: for a wedding , study, first car, etc.

Guardianship or foster family? The choice always remains with those adults who make the responsible decision to accept a child with a difficult fate into their family. The main thing is that this choice should be made in the name of the child and in defense of his interests.

Who can become a guardian and what is the SPR

The question in the title of this section could be answered briefly: "any adult capable citizen of the Russian Federation." If not for some "exceptions".

So, before collecting documents for registration of guardianship, make sure that you do not:

1) have been deprived of parental rights.

2) were limited in parental rights.

3) were suspended from performing the duties of a guardian (custodian).

4) were the adopter and the adoption was canceled due to your fault.

5) you have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for grave or especially grave crimes.

6)* have or had a criminal record, or are or have been prosecuted for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of a person (with the exception of illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, slander and insult), sexual integrity and sexual freedom of a person, as well as for crimes against the family and minors, public health and public morality and public safety (* - this paragraph can be ignored if the criminal prosecution was terminated on exonerating grounds).

7) are married to a person of the same sex registered in any state where such a marriage is permitted, or are not married to a person of the opposite sex, being a citizen of the said state.

8) suffer from chronic alcoholism or drug addiction

9) cannot exercise parental rights due to health reasons**.

10) live together with persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others***.

** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2
*** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2

Another important point without the “not” particle: a citizen applying for the high rank of guardian must undergo psychological, pedagogical and legal training - have a certificate from the School of Adoptive Parents (SPR).

What does the training in the PDS give in addition to the desired certificate? Schools of host parents set themselves many tasks, the first of which is to help candidates for guardians in determining their readiness to receive a child, in realizing the real problems and difficulties that they will face in the process of raising a child. In addition, the SDS identifies and develops in citizens the educational and parenting skills necessary, including for protecting the rights and health of the child, creating a safe environment for him, successful socialization, education and development of the child.

However, you will not be obligated to undergo training at the SPR if you (in accordance with Article 146 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation):

You are or were an adoptive parent and the adoption has not been canceled for you.

Are or have been a guardian (custodian), and have not been suspended from the performance of the duties assigned to you

A close relative of the child****.

**** - read about the benefits of close relatives in Appendix 3

Education at the School of Adoptive Parents - free. The guardianship and guardianship authorities of your region should take care of this, and they will also issue a referral to the SPR. In the process of completing the program, which, by the way, must be approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, you may be offered to undergo a psychological examination - pay attention - with your consent. The results of this survey are advisory in nature and are taken into account when appointing a guardian, together with:

Moral and other personal qualities of the guardian;

The ability of the guardian to perform his duties;

The relationship between the guardian and the child;

The attitude towards the child of the family members of the guardian;

The attitude of the child himself to the prospect of upbringing in the family offered to him (if this is possible due to his age and intelligence).

The desire of the child to see a certain person as his guardian.

The degree of relationship (aunt / nephews, grandmother / grandson, brother / sister, etc.), property (daughter-in-law / mother-in-law), former property (former stepmother / former stepson), etc.

We collect documents

Are you sure none of the exceptions or circumstances listed in the previous chapter prevent you from becoming a guardian? Then it remains to prove this to the guardianship and guardianship authorities by providing them with information about yourself.

If you want to get guardianship as soon as possible (and most host parents want just that), then it’s better not to wait until guardianship and guardianship specialists request information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, medical and other organizations. Start acting on your own: collecting documents can be done in parallel with training at the PDS. The necessary forms can be obtained from guardianship and guardianship specialists, or you can print it yourself*.

* - look for sample documents in Appendix 4

There are not so many documents separating you from the conclusion of the guardianship and guardianship authority on the possibility of being a guardian. Another question is that some of the "papers" are given dozens of hours of queues in different institutions. Therefore, to save time and nerves, it is extremely important to understand what documents need to be dealt with in the first place.

So, when collecting documents, it is advisable to adhere to the following order:

1. Medical opinion. This point requires the most explanation. First, a medical examination of potential guardians is carried out is free. If any of the healthcare institutions in your city do not agree with this, you can safely refer to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 332 of September 10, 1996. Secondly, the same order also introduced form No. 164 / y-96, on which you have to collect two dozen seals and stamps. In total, it provides for the conclusions of eight specialist doctors - a narcologist, a psychiatrist, a dermatovenereologist, an oncologist, a neuropathologist, an infectious disease specialist, a therapist - plus the signature of the head physician of the clinic at the place of your registration. As a rule, all doctors meet halfway, and put their “not detected” as quickly as possible. At the same time, as in any bureaucracy, incidents are possible. So, in some cities, they will not be allowed to see a narcologist and a psychiatrist before undergoing a fluorography. And without the stamps of these specialists, the infectious disease specialist will refuse to talk to you, whose test results have to wait up to two weeks. It is advisable to ask about all this those who have already undergone such a medical examination in your region. And plan the “chain” that is optimal in terms of time and logic.

2. Information from the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs(no criminal record, etc.). The police have the right to produce this document within a month, but, as a rule, they also work more quickly when the request is made by the future guardian - especially if you have been registered in one subject of the Russian Federation all your life.

3. Income statement for 12 months. Much here depends on the accountant at your place of work, and financiers, as you know, are wayward and focused people. They may also delay the issuance of a 2-personal income tax statement if the quarterly report does not allow you to be distracted by such trifles. Therefore, it is better to request a document in advance. If you do not have an income (only one spouse works), then the personal income tax of the husband / wife will do. Or any other document confirming income (for example, a bank statement of account movements).

4.Document from public utilities - HOA / DEZ / UK - at the place of registration. A copy of the financial personal account or other document confirming the right to use the residential premises or the right of ownership to it.

5. Written consent of all adult family members to accept the child into the family(taking into account the views of children living with you who have reached the age of 10). Written in free form.

6. Autobiography. The usual resume will do: born, studied, career, awards and titles.

7. Copy of marriage certificate(if you are married).

8. Copy of pension certificate(SNILS).

9. Certificate of completion of training and (SPR).

10. Application for the appointment of a guardian.

In some regions of Russia, the entire package of documents can be sent via the Internet using the Unified Portal of Public Services. But it is better, of course, to bring the documents in person, taking your passport with you. And get acquainted with those specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authority, who will subsequently congratulate you on the addition to the family.

Please note: absolutely all documents, their copies and other information necessary for establishing guardianship are provided is free. The "shelf life" of the most important documents (points 2-4) is one year. The medical report is valid for six months.

Communicating with guardianship authorities

So, your package of documents is in the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

va. But even if all the documents are perfect, in order to register you, the last document is not enough, which the specialists will produce themselves after a visit to your home. This visit must take place within 7 days after the submission of the main package of documents. This is an act of examining the living conditions of a citizen who has expressed a desire to become a guardian.

In this act, the guardianship and guardianship authority assesses “the living conditions, personal qualities and motives of the applicant, his ability to raise a child, the relationship that has developed between family members.” In practice, it looks like this: experts come to visit you, and, inspecting the housing, ask additional questions and fill out their form, where they make the necessary notes. There is no point in currying favor with experts or, on the contrary, standing up in a pose, annoyed at the interference of outsiders in private life, there is no point. Just tell it like it is. If there are obvious shortcomings (for example, lack of space for activities, toys) - share plans for how you are going to fix it. The truth is always the best choice.

It happens that the specialists of the guardianship authorities are not satisfied with the footage of living space per child. Sometimes the "crowding" is imaginary: when the number of people registered in the apartment exceeds the number of citizens actually living. It is easy to prove this by providing additional documents confirming the residence of the “absent” at other addresses. If there are really few meters (the standards for the minimum living space in each region and municipality are different, and tend to increase), but the conditions for the child are comfortable, then the guardianship and guardianship authority must proceed from the interests of the child. It would be useful to recall the December presidential decree "On some measures to implement state policy in the field of protecting orphans and children left without parental care." It talks about lowering the requirements for the standard area of living space when placing children for upbringing in a family. If this does not help, the approved survey report can be challenged in court.

The examination certificate is drawn up within 3 days, after which it is approved by the authorities, and sent to you - within another 3 days. And only after that, the guardianship and guardianship body connects the entire package of documents and issues a conclusion on the possibility of a citizen to be a guardian. This may take up to 15 days. In case of a positive decision, this conclusion will become the basis for registration - an entry in the journal is made within 3 more days.

Conclusion on the possibility of being a guardian is a document valid for two whole years throughout Russia. With it, you can apply to any guardianship and guardianship authority or to any regional operator of the Federal Database with a request to select a child. Based on the same conclusion, the guardianship and guardianship authority at the place of residence of the child will draw up an act on the appointment of you as a guardian.

We are looking for a child and arrange custody

We have repeatedly talked about how to find “your” baby (or not a baby at all). If you intend to take a child into your family in your region, you can search officially, through the regional operator of the Federal Database (FBD). But if you are ready to go for a child even across the whole country, and look for him everywhere at the same time, this option will not work, because you will not be able to apply to the second operator until the first one fulfills your request. In addition, the search using regional operators is designed so that you need to select a number of parameters - the age of the child, the color of the eyes and hair, the presence of brothers and sisters, etc.

In practice, many happy and successful adoptive parents ended up taking into the family not at all the children they planned to find. Everything was decided by the visual image of the child - once seeing video or a photo, the parents could no longer think of anyone else, and completely forgot about those preferences that they had imagined for themselves. So, babies with "unpopular" eye and hair colors, with bouquets of diseases, along with brothers and sisters, left for families. After all, the heart does not understand the FBD parameters.

You can not only see, but also hear the voice of your unborn child in the database of video questionnaires "Change one life" - the largest in Russia. In a short video you will see how a child plays, moves, what he can do and hear what he lives and dreams about.

After the child is found, you are obliged to get to know him and establish contact, and you also have the right to familiarize yourself with documents from the child’s personal file and study the medical report on his state of health. To do this, you need to send an application to the relevant regional operator and fill out a questionnaire. Within 10 days, you will be given information about the child. And if you are ready to go further - referral to acquaintance.

Suppose everything ended well: you visited the child several times, perhaps even asked him for a short walk, and established the very “contact” that was mentioned in the direction. Then the most important thing remained: to issue an act on the appointment of a guardian.

This act is attention! - issued by the guardianship and guardianship authority place of residence of the child. If the boarding school or orphanage where the child is being raised is far away, try to negotiate with the specialists so that they try to accept the application and draw up the act in one day - otherwise you will have to travel to a remote settlement twice. The fact is that after accepting your application, the guardianship and guardianship authority will need to do a few more time-consuming things: request information from the institution where the child is being raised, and also hold a board of trustees. As a rule, it takes another 2-3 days.

If everything goes well, you will be invited to the body

guardianship for obtaining the act and certificate of the guardian, and the institution will prepare the child and his documents.

Getting ready for a new life

So, we can congratulate you: you have been issued a guardian's certificate, and the child leaves the boarding school and goes to a family!

Together with the child, you will be given a couple of kilograms of documents from his personal file* against signature. Do not rush to put them in folders: at home you will only have a part of the documents: the student file (if any) will go to school, and the rest will go to the archive of the guardianship and guardianship authority at your current place of residence(registration) where you have yet to register.

* - you can find the list of the child's documents in Appendix 5

In the same place, you will write an application for the payment of a lump sum to you (today it ranges from 12.4 to 17.5 thousand rubles - depending on the region) and, if you wish, an application for creating a foster family. After you register, you have to perform a number of actions - such as opening a current account in the name of the child (obtaining a Savings Book), temporary registration of the child at the place of your registration, filing an application for a tax deduction, etc. All this will be told to you by specialists of guardianship and guardianship authorities. And they will also have to issue you an order - permission to spend the funds transferred monthly for the maintenance of the child.

If the child is of school age, he will also need to enroll in school (it is better to take care of this in advance), inclusion in preferential lists for summer holidays. If you plan to travel abroad, take care of obtaining a passport for a minor. If the child has savings, transfer them to a profitable replenishable deposit in a reliable bank.

There will be a lot of trouble, but most of them are pleasant. After all, these are the first manifestations of caring for the child and protecting his interests by you, already as his legal representative.

Setting up a foster family

If you nevertheless decide to register a foster family, then for this you need to return to the specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authority and draw up an appropriate contract. The contract is concluded within 10 days from the date of appointment of you as a guardian and must provide for:

1. information about the child or children being brought up in a foster family (name, age, state of health, physical and mental development);

2. the duration of the contract (i.e. the period for which the child is placed in a foster family);

3. conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of the child or children;

4. rights and obligations of adoptive parents;

5. rights and obligations in relation to the foster parents of the body of guardianship and guardianship;

6. grounds and consequences for the termination of such an agreement.

As soon as the contract is signed, gratuitous guardianship turns into paid. And now, not the certificate of the guardian, but the order to create a foster family will become the main document saying that you are the legal representative of the child.

At the office of the guardianship and guardianship authority, you will have to write another application - for the payment of a monthly remuneration. As a rule, it is equal to the size of the minimum wage in the region. If specified in the contract, you may also be paid remuneration from the income from the child's property, but not more than 5% of the income for the reporting period during which the foster parent managed this property.

The contract can be concluded both in relation to one child, and in relation to several children. Please note that in the event of a change in registration at the place of residence of the child, the contract is terminated and a new one is concluded.

In preparing the material, the data of the manual “Social and legal foundations for the placement of children left without parental care in family forms of education” were used (Family G.V., Golovan A.I., Zueva N.L., Zaitseva N.G.), prepared with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Development of Social Projects, and taking into accountfederal law as ofas of October 1, 2013.

Today, hundreds of programs focused on . Despite this, the number of children deprived of parental care does not fall. The way out of this tragic situation can be foster family.

The concept of a foster family

A foster family is a family placement option for an orphan child or a child whose natural parents were. For its formation, the territorial guardianship department creates an act and an agreement.

The status of a foster family is regulated by articles of the Family Code of the Russian Federation 152-155 (), and is accompanied by.

Formation of a foster family

Article 152 of the RF IC strictly spells out the regulations according to which the care program is implemented. The foster family is formed on the basis of agreements. This agreement is signed by the parents-custodians and representatives of the child (guardianship authorities).

The contract specifies:

Responsibilities of parents. Namely, to raise a child, to organize for him quality conditions for life. To carry out leisure, to respect, to help the child adapt to life outside the orphanage.
Guardianship responsibilities. The state department is called upon to control the upbringing and maintenance of a child transferred under the admission program. In this regard, the foster family has the right to payments in 2017: one-time allowance – RUB 16,350.33(for each child), monthly payments (40% from the average salary of a parent for the last year), monthly remuneration to parents for each child under 10 years old - RUB 7,857.64 who has reached the age of 10 8 756 rubles. Guardianship authorities also undertake to provide other social support to the family (the list of benefits is established individually, depending on the capabilities of the region).
Complete information about the child, his birth parents.
Contract time.

Termination of a guardianship agreement is a rare legal practice. But these situations happen. By law, such cases are regulated by Article 153 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation.

So, treaty about the foster family is broken if:

Expired.
Foster parents no longer want or cannot take care of the child - health problems, material support.
The guardianship authorities revised their decision and refused to guardianship of the parents. This happens if the family notices unfavorable conditions for the child to live.
One of the parties to the agreement violated its terms.

Important: if the foster family is ready to take care of a frequently ill baby, with developmental disabilities or a disabled child, then the future place of residence should meet the vital needs of the foster child.

Guardianship is always in the best interests of the child. Therefore, if the child has already reached the age of 10, no contract will be signed without his consent. The interests of younger children are represented by guardianship authorities.

The procedure for the formation of a foster family

We will describe step by step how to take a child from an orphanage or a baby home and create a foster family:

Transfer of the mandatory list of documents to the territorial guardianship authority.
Employees of the department within 3 days will check the submitted documents, enter the information into the database, and inspect the living conditions of the applicants.
Waiting for a decision on the appointment or not appointment of the applicant as a foster parent takes about 10 days from the date of submission of documents.
If the issue is resolved positively, parents receive a referral to orphanages to get acquainted with the child and his personal file. If necessary, the child can undergo additional medical diagnostics.
In case of a positive outcome, the parents write a statement of their intentions to take the child into the family.
Preparation of an act on the transfer of the child to a new family.
Signing an agreement.
Calculation of social payments.

To start the procedure for registering a foster family, you must contact the Department of Guardianship and Guardianship at the place of residence.

List of documents

certificate from the place of work of future parents. It should indicate the position, average salary, give a description;
information about the composition of the family;
documents for an apartment or house (owned by parents);
a certificate from the police confirming the absence of a criminal record;
health certificate;
autobiography;
written consent of all family members of the applicant.

Conclusion

Let's define the main points of the article:

Adoptive parents- persons who are ready to help an orphan child or a child whose parents are deprived of parental rights in the upbringing.
When accepting a child into a family, parents must understand that he will retain contact with his relatives and his last name.
The process of registering a foster family is complicated, but the requirements for parents are more loyal, in contrast to the adoption procedure.
Children who have fallen into a foster family and parents who have taken on their upbringing are entitled to material assistance from the state in the form of benefits.
Before starting the registration procedure, the family should evaluate their capabilities and not be guided only by material gain. Foster parents should become his assistants in life, a role model.

The most popular question and answer on foster families

Question: My husband and I are foster parents for an abandoned child from the hospital. What are the legal benefits for foster families? Alina.

Answer: Alina, since the child was placed in a family from a maternity hospital and is abandoned, the number of benefits is much wider than with ordinary adoption. Firstly, all food (up to two years) and medicines (up to three years) are paid by the state. With a court order, you are entitled to a lump sum payment as well as monthly child support.

At the same time, the child retains all rights: he receives housing (the right to housing of biological parents or a new one, from the state), studies free of charge in the same way as orphans. A mother who does not work, but is raising a child, these years are included in the pension experience.

The children themselves receive a large number of lump-sum benefits at various stages of life: when applying for a job, when changing educational institutions. All kinds of content are also saved.

Today, foster parents receive 40% from their weighted average earnings for the year, but not less than 3 minimum wage set for the region.

Part one. How to take a child from an orphanage

Legislatively, the procedure for adopting children in Russia consists of five main steps:

Come to the territorial department of guardianship and guardianship at the place of residence and write an application.

Complete training at the school of the foster parent, which is carried out by training centers under the guardianship authorities. Education is compulsory and free. Here they will tell you a lot of nuances on how to adopt a child from an orphanage.

Collect the necessary documents. Their set depends on the chosen form of placement of the child in the family. The list will be given to you in the department of guardianship.

Find your child.

Make the child your own.

Education at the foster parent's school

Adopting children - where to start? From getting information. The procedure for adopting a child from an orphanage and other information related to how to take a child from an orphanage can be found at special courses for foster parents.

The benefits of studying at a foster parent's school cannot be overestimated. It does not oblige to anything, while revealing the legal, general psychological, medical and other issues of foster parenthood. Students of the school get the opportunity to consider foster parenthood from the inside in some detail. Understand by what criteria and how to select a child for adoption. Resolve my doubts: what if I take a child to raise - and I can’t handle it?

Anyone who is at least theoretically thinking about the topic of adopting a child should go through training. After the training, you will either confirm your desire to take a child, or you will understand that you should not do this yet - and that's good! It is much worse when people realize this after having already taken the child and return it to the orphanage. In this case, everyone experiences a colossal trauma - both failed parents, and most of all the child. Before the introduction of schools for foster parents, the number of children returned was 50%. Now this figure is much lower. Training will help you figure out how firmly and consciously your decision to take a child from an orphanage is.

Adoption of a child from an orphanage and other forms of family placement

The choice of the form of family placement for a child depends on your wishes, possibilities and the status of the child.

Adoption of orphans: the child acquires all the rights of a natural child - a surname, heredity, etc. Adoption or adoption of a child is possible only if the child is an orphan, that is, has such an official status (when there are no parents or they are deprived of parental rights). Blood relatives after the adoption of a child do not have the right to communicate with him. To take a child from an orphanage on such a basis means to be ready to fully accept him into the family - as his own.

Custody and guardianship: the guardian becomes the legal representative of the child. He may receive a monthly child support allowance, which depends on the region and the child's health. In addition to orphans, children can also be taken under guardianship, whose parents are not deprived of parental rights, but cannot fulfill their parental duties: in cases of serious illness and other reasons. The child is placed under guardianship for his maintenance, upbringing and education, protection of his rights and interests. More information on how to become a guardian of a child from an orphanage can be clarified at the foster parent courses.

Guardianship is established over children under 14 years of age. Guardianship - from 14 to 18 years.

When registering guardianship, the child retains his last name, first name, patronymic, and the natural parents are not released from the obligation to participate in its maintenance. Guardianship authorities control the conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of the child.

Foster family: in fact, this is a job application as a “foster parent”. Adoptive parents have certain rights and obligations that are controlled by the guardianship authorities. The child in this case must have the status of an orphan.

Guest family or mentoring: the child spends part of his time in the family. For example, weekends. Often used as a transitional form when parents-to-be want to get to know their child better. This form helps the child to go beyond the limits created by the educational institution system, to feel how the family lives: to gain skills in housekeeping and communication with adults and other children in the family circle. Mentors help children with treatment, provision and choice of clothing, career guidance, and advice on how to act in certain situations.

Patronage: is established over children without a certain status or if the status of the child does not allow him to be transferred for custody or adoption. It is often used as a transitional form to custody and / or adoption of a child after the child has received the appropriate status. When a child is placed in foster care, he formally remains a pupil of an orphanage, but at the same time he has the opportunity to be brought up in a family. His new parents are trained by the patronage service and control the process of family placement, patronage.

Family-type orphanage: usually created in the organizational and legal form of an educational institution. It differs in that it has more children than in foster families, and the presence of benefits.

Differences in the forms of family placement of children

Adoption of children, guardianship and guardianship, foster family - all these forms of family placement of children put forward certain requirements for adoptive parents.

Adoption of orphans or the form of a foster family is possible only if the parents of the children are deprived of parental rights. The patronage and the guest family allow you to take children with any status.

The foster family and patronage imply restrictions on the rights of educators in relation to children. The patronage restricts these rights a little more than the foster family, but the contract in the case of foster care is more flexible and the educators can take on exactly the responsibility for the child that a particular person is able to bear.

The set of documents also differs. It is most voluminous and complex in the case of the adoption of children in Russia. The most simple - for the guest family.

It is best to choose the form of family arrangement that suits you after studying at the school of foster parents.

Part two. Adoption of children - the psychological side of foster parenthood

In solving psychological issues regarding the adoption and upbringing of a child, a systematic approach is the best. The system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that the mental properties of a person are set from birth and are not hereditary. That is, psychologically, the child may be completely different from the parents. From this point of view, natural parents in relation to adoptive parents do not have special advantages, in the sense that the psyche is not inherited. System-vector psychology distinguishes eight vectors of the psyche. In humans, they can be combined in any variation - from one to eight vectors at once. The vector set determines the innate desires and properties of the human psyche. That is, certain properties of character are given to us from birth.

A systematic approach in the practice of foster parenting

When you think about the possibility of adopting a child, then questions arise that are not related to the legal side of the case, but which should be clarified no less carefully. System-vector psychology allows deal with the most frightening stereotypes of adoption:

Bad genes. This stereotype is stronger than it seems. Adults become less tolerant of a child's behavior when "bad" behaviors are explained by heredity. And they are less ready to establish an emotional connection with the child, because "heredity cannot be changed." There is even such an expression: "I would like to help an orphan, but I'm afraid to let the cuckoo into the house." That is, many adoptive parents are afraid: what if they take the child for upbringing - and he will go to his "unlucky" blood parents?

Bad genes are a baseless myth. Many are afraid that the child will not steal, lie. It doesn't depend on genes. The system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that for proper development, the child must have, which he receives from his mother. Often children in the orphanage do not have it. Therefore, their psychological development may stop.

P.S. How to choose a child for adoption

When you have collected all the necessary documents, the guardianship authority will issue a certificate stating that you can be a foster parent. By this time, you will already roughly understand what age, gender, health status of the child you can accept into the family. With this certificate, you go to any guardianship department in Russia. It can be several at once. Write a statement. You are shown a data bank with questionnaires of children in the given area.

I do not recommend searching for children through a federal database with free access via the Internet, since its data is not always up-to-date, often the information is outdated. In this way, you choose one or more children that you want to get to know. You get permission to visit a specific child in an orphanage or a baby house and go to get acquainted.

The procedure for adopting a child from an orphanage also implies certain rules when meeting. You can only interact with one child per visit. You can't see all the kids at once. This is done so that not all children once again experience desperate hope. Because every child in every adult wants to see his dad or mom. If you have chosen someone, you can immediately place the child in your family or come to his orphanage for a while to get to know him better.
The article was written based on the materials of the training " System-Vector Psychology»